Background
Participants and methods
Participants
Nutritional status
Anthropometric evaluation
Laboratory analysis
Statistical analyses
Results
Anthropometric characteristics
Variables | Mean ± SD | Range |
---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 21.5 ± 2.6 | 18.0~25.0 |
Height (cm) | 175.5 ± 6.0 | 167.0~185.0 |
Weight (kg) | 94.9 ± 12.9 | 79.3~117.4 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 ± 2.6 | 27.4~34.3 |
LBM (kg) | 74.4 ± 8.7 | 62.1~90.9 |
FM (kg) | 16.4 ± 5.8 | 9.7~27.0 |
FM (%) | 17.0 ± 4.4 | 12.3~25.6 |
Daily nutrient intake
Nutrients | Diet | Supplements | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Energy (kcal) | 4,948.7 ± 1690.51) | 673.1 ± 704.2 | 5,621.7 ± 1,354.7 |
Protein (g/d) | 293.8 ± 137.0 | 112.2 ± 70.3 | 406.0 ± 101.1 |
Protein (g/kgBW) | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 1.2 |
CHO:Pro:Fat (%Kcal) | 37:24:39 | 14:66:20 | 34:30:36* |
Ca (mg) | 683.2 ± 389.5 | 1,494.4 ± 1,820.0 | 2,177.6 ± 1,588.5 |
P (mg) | 2,704.3 ± 1116.9 | 564.3 ± 1262.4 | 3,268.6 ± 1,023.3 |
Na (mg) | 4,081.1 ± 3337.9 | 823.8 ± 531.4 | 4,904.9 ± 3,168.9 |
K (mg) | 5,043.6 ± 1998.8 | 909.3 ± 2,167.3 | 5,952.8 ± 2,135.9 |
Laboratory biochemical characteristics
Variables | Reference Value | Mean ± SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Albumin (g/dl) | 3.1~5.2 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.3~5.4 |
Total protein (g/dl) | 5.8~8.1 | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 7.2~8.4 |
GOT (IU/L) | 7.0~38.0 | 41.0 ± 19.3 | 26.0~84.0 |
GPT (IU/L) | 4.0~43.0 | 37.8 ± 9.9 | 22.0~55.0 |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 70~110 | 95.0 ± 7.6 | 85.0~108.0 |
Insulin (μU/ml) | 2.6~24.9 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 0.9~7.0 |
BUN (mg/dl) | 6.0~23.0 | 19.9 ± 4.5 | 13.5~27.6 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.5~1.3 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.1~1.5 |
GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 80-120 | 78.3 ± 10.8 | 60.6-92.7 |
Ca (mg/dl) | 8.2~10.8 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 8.5~9.9 |
P (mg/dl) | 2.5~5.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.1~4.6 |
Na (mmol/L) | 135~145 | 142.1 ± 1.4 | 141.0~145.0 |
K (mmol/L) | 3.5~5.5 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.1~7.2 |
Variables | Reference Value | Mean ± SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
Urine volume (ml/d) | - | 1,775.0 ± 489.2 | 1,100 - 2,500 |
Urine pH | 4.8 - 7.5 | 6.3 ± 0.4 | 6.0 - 7.0 |
Osm. (m.osm/kg) | 300 - 900 | 810.8 ± 162.8 | 519.0 - 1074.0 |
UUN (g/d) | 6.5 - 13.0 | 24.7 ± 9.5 | 12.1 - 43.2 |
Creatinine (g/d) | 1.0 - 1.5 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 - 3.4 |
Ca (g/d) | 0.1 - 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 - 0.5 |
P (g/d) | 0.4 - 1.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.7 - 1.8 |
Na (mmol/d) | 40 - 220 | 91.8 ± 53.9 | 28.0 - 199.0 |
K (mmol/d) | 25 - 120 | 72.9 ± 33.7 | 25.0 - 134.0 |