Background
Materials and methods
Participants
Mortality data
National Health Survey
Relative survival analysis
Comparison to NHS
Effects of factors associated with mortality
Results
Relative survival
Interval
(years)
|
L
|
D
|
W
|
Effective number at risk
|
Interval-specific observed survival
|
Cumulative observed survival
|
Interval-specific expected survival
|
Cumulative expected survival
|
Interval-specific relative survival*
|
Relative cumulative survival*
|
Lower 95% CI
|
Upper 95% CI
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 - 1.0 | 12424 | 135 | 0 | 12424 | 0.989 | 0.989 | 0.981 | 0.981 | 1.008 | 1.008 | 1.006 | 1.010 |
1.0 - 2.0 | 12289 | 181 | 0 | 12289 | 0.985 | 0.975 | 0.979 | 0.960 | 1.007 | 1.015 | 1.012 | 1.018 |
2.0 - 3.0 | 12108 | 195 | 0 | 12108 | 0.984 | 0.959 | 0.977 | 0.938 | 1.007 | 1.022 | 1.018 | 1.026 |
3.0 - 4.0 | 11912 | 185 | 0 | 11912 | 0.984 | 0.944 | 0.975 | 0.914 | 1.010 | 1.032 | 1.028 | 1.037 |
4.0 - 5.0 | 11727 | 237 | 0 | 11727 | 0.980 | 0.925 | 0.973 | 0.890 | 1.007 | 1.040 | 1.034 | 1.045 |
5.0 - 6.0 | 11490 | 226 | 0 | 11490 | 0.980 | 0.907 | 0.971 | 0.864 | 1.010 | 1.050 | 1.044 | 1.056 |
6.0 - 7.0 | 11264 | 282 | 0 | 11264 | 0.975 | 0.884 | 0.968 | 0.836 | 1.007 | 1.058 | 1.051 | 1.064 |
7.0 - 8.0 | 10981 | 359 | 0 | 10981 | 0.967 | 0.855 | 0.964 | 0.806 | 1.003 | 1.061 | 1.054 | 1.069 |
8.0 - 9.0 | 10623 | 379 | 0 | 10623 | 0.964 | 0.825 | 0.961 | 0.774 | 1.004 | 1.066 | 1.057 | 1.074 |
9.0 - 10.0 | 10244 | 361 | 0 | 10244 | 0.965 | 0.795 | 0.956 | 0.740 | 1.009 | 1.075 | 1.066 | 1.085 |
10.0 - 11.0 | 9882 | 422 | 0 | 9882 | 0.957 | 0.761 | 0.951 | 0.704 | 1.006 | 1.082 | 1.071 | 1.093 |
11.0 - 12.0 | 9460 | 398 | 707 | 9106 | 0.956 | 0.728 | 0.945 | 0.665 | 1.012 | 1.095 | 1.083 | 1.107 |
Relative Cumulative Survival | 95% Confidence Limits | ||
---|---|---|---|
Lower
|
Upper
| ||
State or Territory of Residence
| |||
Australian Capital Territory | 1.232 | 1.113 | 1.321 |
New South Wales | 1.108 | 1.087 | 1.127 |
Queensland | 1.085 | 1.054 | 1.113 |
South Australia | 1.063 | 1.024 | 1.099 |
Tasmania | 1.106 | 1.024 | 1.179 |
Victoria | 1.086 | 1.063 | 1.109 |
Western Australia | 1.109 | 1.068 | 1.146 |
Accessibility/Remoteness Index (ARIA)
| |||
Highly Accessible | 1.104 | 1.091 | 1.116 |
Accessible | 1.042 | 1.004 | 1.079 |
Moderately Accessible | 1.064 | 0.997 | 1.124 |
Remote, Very Remote | 1.068 | 0.939 | 1.173 |
Age at Survey 1 (years)
| |||
70 | 1.064 | 1.039 | 1.087 |
71 | 1.060 | 1.036 | 1.083 |
72 | 1.094 | 1.068 | 1.119 |
73 | 1.109 | 1.079 | 1.138 |
74 | 1.129 | 1.095 | 1.161 |
75 | 1.215 | 1.145 | 1.280 |
Comparison of ALSWH cohort to NHS sample at baseline
ALSWH N = 12423 | NHS N = 894 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Item
|
%
|
%
|
P
Value
|
Smoking Status
| |||
Never-smoker
| 62.1 | 64.6 | <0.0001 |
Ex-smoker
| 30.4 | 24.3 | |
Current smoker
| 7.6 | 11.0 | |
Marital Status
| |||
Partnered
| 55.6 | 49.6 | <0.0001 |
Separated/Divorced
| 6.3 | 5.6 | |
Widowed
| 34.8 | 42.4 | |
Never married
| 3.2 | 2.4 | |
Country of Birth
| |||
Australian born
| 73.5 | 74.2 | 0.05 |
Other English Speaking
| 13.6 | 10.9 | |
Europe
| 10.1 | 12.0 | |
Asia
| 1.8 | 1.4 | |
Other
| 1.0 | 1.6 | |
Highest Educational Qualification
| |||
No Higher Qualification
| 84.0 | 79.3 | <0.0001 |
Trade/Apprentice Certificate/Diploma
| 11.7 | 16.7 | |
University
| 4.2 | 2.7 | |
Inadequately described
| 1.2 | ||
Body Mass Index (BMI) Group
| |||
Underweight, BMI < 18.5
| 3.2 | 4.2 | 0.07 |
Healthy weight, 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25
| 50.4 | 52.1 | |
Overweight, 25 ≤ BMI < 30
| 33.1 | 29.1 | |
Obese, 30 ≤ BMI
| 13.2 | 14.5 | |
Self Rated Health
| |||
Excellent
| 6.4 | 7.6 | <0.0001 |
Very good
| 26.2 | 23.2 | |
Good
| 39.4 | 34.4 | |
Fair
| 23.6 | 24.3 | |
Poor
| 4.3 | 10.5 | |
Does Your Health Limit You in Walking 100 m
| |||
Limited a lot
| 7.1 | 11.3 | <0.0001 |
Limited a little
| 15.4 | 19.7 | |
Not limited
| 77.4 | 68.9 | |
State or Territory of Residence
| |||
New South Wales
| 34.9 | 35.8 | 0.969 |
Australian Capital Territory
| 1.1 | 0.8 | |
Queensland
| 16.3 | 16.6 | |
South Australia
| 10.2 | 10.0 | |
Tasmania
| 2.8 | 2.5 | |
Victoria
| 26.0 | 25.9 | |
Western Australia
| 8.5 | 8.5 |
Effects of factors on mortality (relative survival)
Hazard Ratio*
|
95% Confidence Limits
| ||
---|---|---|---|
Item
|
Lower
|
Upper
| |
Smoking Status
| |||
Never-smoker (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Ex-smoker
| 1.27 | 1.16 | 1.38 |
Current smoker
| 1.84 | 1.61 | 2.10 |
Marital Status
| |||
Partnered (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Separated/Divorced
| 1.09 | 0.92 | 1.30 |
Widowed
| 1.10 | 1.01 | 1.20 |
Never married
| 1.36 | 1.08 | 1.72 |
Country of Birth
| |||
Australian born (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Other English Speaking
| 1.02 | 0.90 | 1.15 |
Europe
| 0.85 | 0.73 | 1.00 |
Asia
| 0.64 | 0.42 | 0.97 |
Other
| 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.74 |
Highest Educational Qualification
| |||
No Higher Qualification (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Trade/Apprentice Certificate/Diploma
| 0.97 | 0.85 | 1.11 |
University
| 0.86 | 0.68 | 1.08 |
Body Mass Index (BMI) Group
| |||
Underweight, BMI < 18.5
| 1.66 | 1.39 | 1.97 |
Healthy weight, 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Overweight, 25 ≤ BMI < 30
| 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.91 |
Obese, 30 ≤ BMI
| 0.96 | 0.85 | 1.08 |
Self Rated Health
| |||
Excellent (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Very good
| 1.10 | 0.88 | 1.37 |
Good
| 1.42 | 1.14 | 1.75 |
Fair
| 2.42 | 1.95 | 3.00 |
Poor
| 4.86 | 3.80 | 6.22 |
Physical Activity
| |||
None
| 1.60 | 1.44 | 1.78 |
Low
| 1.04 | 0.93 | 1.17 |
Moderate (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
High
| 1.04 | 0.89 | 1.20 |
State or Territory of Residence
| |||
New South Wales (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
Australian Capital Territory
| 0.88 | 0.51 | 1.53 |
Queensland
| 1.09 | 0.97 | 1.22 |
South Australia
| 1.09 | 0.94 | 1.26 |
Tasmania
| 1.06 | 0.86 | 1.30 |
Victoria
| 1.13 | 1.01 | 1.25 |
Western Australia
| 1.07 | 0.90 | 1.26 |
Accessibility/Remoteness Index (ARIA)
| |||
1. Highly Accessible (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
2. Accessible
| 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.21 |
3. Moderately Accessible
| 1.18 | 1.00 | 1.39 |
4. Remote, Very Remote
| 1.18 | 0.85 | 1.64 |
Age at Survey 1 (years)
| |||
70 (Ref)
| 1.00 | ||
71
| 1.07 | 0.93 | 1.23 |
72
| 0.98 | 0.85 | 1.12 |
73
| 0.92 | 0.80 | 1.06 |
74
| 0.91 | 0.79 | 1.05 |
75
| 0.73 | 0.59 | 0.90 |