Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Breast Cancer Research
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2009

01.06.2009 | Review

Transforming growth factor-β in breast cancer: too much, too late

verfasst von: Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff, Rosemary J Akhurst

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research | Ausgabe 1/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The contribution of transforming growth factor (TGF)β to breast cancer has been studied from a myriad perspectives since seminal studies more than two decades ago. Although the action of TGFβ as a canonical tumor suppressor in breast is without a doubt, there is compelling evidence that TGFβ is frequently subverted in a malignant plexus that drives breast cancer. New knowledge that TGFβ regulates the DNA damage response, which underlies cancer therapy, reveals another facet of TGFβ biology that impedes cancer control. Too much TGFβ, too late in cancer progression is the fundamental motivation for pharmaceutical inhibition.
Literatur
1.
Silberstein GB, Daniel CW: Reversible inhibition of mammary gland growth by transforming growth factor-β. Science. 1987, 237: 291-293. 10.1126/science.3474783.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Basolo F, Fiore L, Ciardiello F, Calvo S, Fontanini G, Conaldi PG, Toniolo A: Response of normal and oncogene-transformed human mammary epithelial cells to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1): lack of growth-inhibitory effect on cells expressing the simian virus 40 large-T antigen. Int J Cancer. 1994, 56: 736-742. 10.1002/ijc.2910560521.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Cui W, Fowlis DJ, Bryson S, Duffie E, Ireland H, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ: TGFβ1 inhibits the formation of benign skin tumors, but enhances progression to invasive spindle carcinomas in transgenic mice. Cell. 1996, 86: 531-542. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80127-0.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Derynck R, Akhurst RJ, Balmain A: TGF-β signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Nat Genet. 2001, 29: 117-129. 10.1038/ng1001-117.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Siegel PM, Shu W, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ, Massague J: Transforming growth factor beta signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 8430-8435. 10.1073/pnas.0932636100.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Xie W, Mertens JC, Reiss DJ, Rimm DL, Camp RL, Haffty BG, Reiss M: Alterations of Smad signaling in human breast carcinoma are associated with poor outcome: A tissue microarray study. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 497-505.PubMed
7.
Kang Y, He W, Tulley S, Gupta GP, Serganova I, Chen C-R, Manova-Todorova K, Blasberg R, Gerald WL, Massague J: Breast cancer bone metastasis mediated by the Smad tumor suppressor pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102: 13909-13914. 10.1073/pnas.0506517102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Schmierer B, Hill CS: TGFbeta-SMAD signal transduction: molecular specificity and functional flexibility. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007, 8: 970-982. 10.1038/nrm2297.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Kleuser B, Malek D, Gust R, Pertz HH, Potteck H: 17-beta-Estradiol inhibits transforming growth factor-beta signaling and function in breast cancer cells via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through the G protein-coupled receptor 30. Mol Pharmacol. 2008, 74: 1533-1543. 10.1124/mol.108.046854.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Hinshelwood RA, Huschtscha LI, Melki J, Stirzaker C, Abdipranoto A, Vissel B, Ravasi T, Wells CA, Hume DA, Reddel RR, Clark SJ: Concordant epigenetic silencing of transforming growth factor-signaling pathway genes occurs early in breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 11517-11527. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1284.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Pasche B, Kolachana P, Nafa K, Satagopan J, Chen YG, Lo RS, Brener D, Yang D, Kirstein L, Oddoux C, Ostrer H, Vineis P, Varesco L, Jhanwar S, Luzzatto L, Massagué J, Offit K: TbetaR-I(6A) is a candidate tumor susceptibility allele. Cancer Res. 1999, 59: 5678-5682.PubMed
12.
Beisner J, Buck MB, Fritz P, Dippon J, Schwab M, Brauch H, Zugmaier G, Pfizenmaier K, Knabbe C: A novel functional polymorphism in the transforming growth factor-beta2 gene promoter and tumor progression in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2006, 66: 7554-7561. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0634.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Cambien F, Ricard S, Troesch A, Mallet C, Generenaz L, Evans A, Arveiler D, Luc G, Ruidavets J-B, Poirier O: Polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-β1 gene in relation to myocardial infarction and blood pressure: the Etude Cas-Temoin de l'Infarctus du Myocarde (ECTIM) Study. Hypertension. 1996, 28: 881-887.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Dunning AM, Ellis PD, McBride S, Kirschenlohr HL, Healey CS, Kemp PR, Luben RN, Chang-Claude J, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Ponder BA, Metcalfe JC: A transforming growth factorbeta1 signal peptide variant increases secretion in vitro and is associated with increased incidence of invasive breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 2610-2615.PubMed
15.
Ziv E, Cauley J, Morin PA, Saiz R, Browner WS: Association between the T29-->C polymorphism in the transforming growth factor beta1 gene and breast cancer among elderly white women: The study of osteoporotic fractures. JAMA. 2001, 285: 2859-2863. 10.1001/jama.285.22.2859.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Hishida A, Iwata H, Hamajima N, Matsuo K, Mizutani M, Iwase T, Miura S, Emi N, Hirose K, Tajima K: Transforming growth factor B1 T29C polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Japanese women. Breast Cancer. 2003, 10: 63-69. 10.1007/BF02967627.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Cox A, Dunning AM, Garcia-Closas M, Balasubramanian S, Reed MW, Pooley KA, Scollen S, Baynes C, Ponder BA, Chanock S, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Peplonska B, Southey MC, Hopper JL, McCredie MR, Giles GG, Fletcher O, Johnson N, dos Santos Silva I, Gibson L, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Axelsson CK, Torres D, Hamann U, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Chang-Claude J, Kropp S, et al: A common coding variant in CASP8 is associated with breast cancer risk. 2007, 39: 352-358.
18.
Ewart-Toland A, Chan JM, Yuan J, Balmain A, Ma J: A gain of function TGFB1 polymorphism may be associated with late stage prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004, 13: 759-764.PubMed
19.
Wei Y-S, Zhu Y-H, Du B, Yang Z-H, Liang W-B, Lv M-L, Kuang X-H, Tai S-H, Zhao Y, Zhang L: Association of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta. 2007, 380: 165-169. 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.008.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Nikolova PN, Pawelec GP, Mihailova SM, Ivanova MI, Myhailova AP, Baltadjieva DN, Marinova DI, Ivanova SS, Naumova EJ: Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with malignant melanoma in Caucasian population. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007, 56: 371-379. 10.1007/s00262-006-0193-z.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Kang HG, Chae MH, Park JM, Kim EJ, Park JH, Kam S, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park RW, Park SH, Kim YL, Kim IS, Jung TH, Park JY: Polymorphisms in TGF-beta1 gene and the risk of lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2006, 52: 1-7. 10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.11.016.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Kaklamani VG, Baddi L, Liu J, Rosman D, Phukan S, Bradley C, Hegarty C, McDaniel B, Rademaker A, Oddoux C, Ostrer H, Michel LS, Huang H, Chen Y, Ahsan H, Offit K, Pasche B: Combined genetic assessment of transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway variants may predict breast cancer risk. Cancer Res. 2005, 65: 3454-3461.PubMed
23.
Shin A, Shu X-O, Cai Q, Gao Y-T, Zheng W: Genetic polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene and breast cancer risk: a possible dual role at different cancer stages. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005, 14: 1567-1570. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0078.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Mao JH, Saunier EF, de Koning JP, McKinnon MM, Higgins MN, Nicklas K, Yang HT, Balmain A, Akhurst RJ: Genetic variants of Tgfb1 act as context-dependent modifiers of mouse skin tumor susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103: 8125-8130. 10.1073/pnas.0602581103.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Akhurst RJ: TGF beta signaling in health and disease. Nat Genet. 2004, 36: 790-792. 10.1038/ng0804-790.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Teicher BA: Malignant cells, directors of the malignant process: role of transforming growth factor-beta. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2001, 20: 133-143. 10.1023/A:1013177011767.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Anscher MS, Peters WP, Reisenbichler H, Petros WP, Jirtle RL: Transforming growth factor β as a predictor of liver and lung fibrosis after autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1993, 328: 1592-1598. 10.1056/NEJM199306033282203.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Kong F-M, Anscher MS, Murase T, Abbott BD, Iglehart JD, Jirtle RL: Elevated plasma transforming gorwth factor-β1 levels in breast cancer patients decrease after surgical removal of tumor. Ann Surg. 1995, 222: 155-162. 10.1097/00000658-199508000-00007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Tsushima H, Ito N, Tamura S, Matsuda Y, Inada M, Yabuuchi I, Imai Y, Nagashima R, Misawa H, Takeda H, Matsuzawa Y, Kawata S: Circulating transforming growth factor beta1 as a predictor of liver metastasis after resection in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2001, 7: 1258-1262.PubMed
30.
Barthelemy-Brichant N, David JL, Bosquée L, Bury T, Seidel L, Albert A, Bartsch P, Baugnet-Mahieu L, Deneufbourg JM: Increased TGFbeta plasma level in patients with lung cancer: potential mechanisms. Europ J Clin Invest. 2002, 32: 193-198. 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00956.x.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Shariat SF, Kattan MW, Traxel E, Andrews B, Zhu K, Wheeler TM, Slawin KM: Association of pre- and postoperative plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta1 and interleukin 6 and its soluble receptor with prostate cancer progression. Clin Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 1992-1999. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-0768-03.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Martin M, Lefaix J, Delanian S: TGF-beta1 and radiation fibrosis: a master switch and a specific therapeutic target?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000, 47: 277-290. 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00435-1.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Anscher MS, Thrasher B, Rabbani Z, Teicher B, Vujaskovic Z: Antitransforming growth factor-beta antibody 1D11 ameliorates normal tissue damage caused by high-dose radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006, 65: 876-881.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Erickson AC, Barcellos-Hoff MH: The not-so innocent bystander: Microenvironment as a target of cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2003, 7: 71-88. 10.1517/14728222.7.1.71.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Thiery JP: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and pathologies. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003, 15: 740-746. 10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.006.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Andarawewa KL, Erickson AC, Chou WS, Costes SV, Gascard P, Mott JD, Bissell MJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH: Ionizing radiation predisposes nonmalignant human mammary epithelial cells to undergo transforming growth factor beta induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 8662-8670. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1294.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Thiery JP: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002, 2: 442-454. 10.1038/nrc822.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Shipitsin M, Campbell LL, Argani P, Weremowicz S, Bloushtain-Qimron N, Yao J, Nikolskaya T, Serebryiskaya T, Beroukhim R, Hu M, Halushka MK, Sukumar S, Parker LM, Anderson KS, Harris LN, Garber JE, Richardson AL, Schnitt SJ, Nikolsky Y, Gelman RS, Polyak K: Molecular definition of breast tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Cell. 2007, 11: 259-273. 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.01.013.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, Eaton EN, Ayyanan A, Zhou AY, Brooks M, Reinhard F, Zhang CC, Shipitsin M, Campbell LL, Polyak K, Brisken C, Yang J, Weinberg RA: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell. 2008, 133: 704-715. 10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Pandey J, Umphress SM, Kang Y, Angdisen J, Naumova A, Mercer KL, Jacks T, Jakowlew SB: Modulation of tumor induction and progression of oncogenic K-ras-positive tumors in the presence of TGF-1 haploinsufficiency. Carcinogenesis. 2007, 28: 2589-2596. 10.1093/carcin/bgm136.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Padua D, Zhang XHF, Wang Q, Nadal C, Gerald WL, Gomis RR, Massagué J: TGFbeta primes breast tumors for lung metastasis seeding through Angiopoietin-like 4. Cell. 2008, 133: 66-77. 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.046.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Rubin H: Cancer as a dynamic developmental disorder. Cancer Res. 1985, 45: 2935-2942.PubMed
43.
Barcellos-Hoff MH: The potential influence of radiation-induced microenvironments in neoplastic progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1998, 3: 165-175. 10.1023/A:1018794806635.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Sonnenschein C, Soto AM: Somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis: why it should be dropped and replaced. Mol Carcinog. 2000, 29: 205-211. 10.1002/1098-2744(200012)29:4<205::AID-MC1002>3.0.CO;2-W.CrossRefPubMed
45.
46.
47.
Kuperwasser C, Chavarria T, Wu M, Magrane G, Gray JW, Carey L, Richardson A, Weinberg RA: Reconstruction of functionally normal and malignant human breast tissues in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101: 4966-4971. 10.1073/pnas.0401064101.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Bhowmick NA, Chytil A, Plieth D, Gorska AE, Dumont N, Shappell S, Washington MK, Neilson EG, Moses HL: TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia. Science. 2004, 303: 848-851. 10.1126/science.1090922.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Maffini MV, Soto AM, Calabro JM, Ucci AA, Sonnenschein C: The stroma as a crucial target in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2004, 117: 1495-1502. 10.1242/jcs.01000.CrossRefPubMed
50.
de Visser KE, Eichten A, Coussens LM: Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. 2006, 6: 24-37.
51.
Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB, Pawlowski S, Diebold RJ, Yin M, Allen R, Sidman C, Proetzel G, Calvin D, et al: Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature. 1992, 359: 693-699. 10.1038/359693a0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Engle SJ, Ormsby I, Pawlowski S, Boivin GP, Croft J, Balish E, Doetschman T: Elimination of colon cancer in germ-free transforming growth factor beta 1-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 6362-6366.PubMed
53.
Saunier EF, Akhurst RJ: TGF beta inhibition for cancer therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2006, 6: 565-578. 10.2174/156800906778742460.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Nam JS, Terabe M, Mamura M, Kang MJ, Chae H, Stuelten C, Kohn E, Tang B, Sabzevari H, Anver MR, Lawrence S, Danielpour D, Lonning S, Berzofsky JA, Wakefield LM: An anti-transforming growth factor beta antibody suppresses metastasis via cooperative effects on multiple cell compartments. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 3835-3843. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0215.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Ohmori T, Yang JL, Price JO, Arteaga CL: Blockade of tumor cell transforming growth factor-betas enhances cell cycle progression and sensitizes human breast carcinoma cells to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Exp Cell Res. 1998, 245: 350-359. 10.1006/excr.1998.4261.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Teicher BA, Holden SA, Ara G, Chen G: Transforming growth factor-beta in in vivo resistance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1996, 37: 601-609. 10.1007/s002800050435.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Teicher BA, Ikebe M, Ara G, Keyes SR, Herbst RS: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 overexpression produces drug resistance in vivo: reversal by decorin. In Vivo. 1997, 11: 463-472.PubMed
58.
Liu P, Menon K, Alvarez E, Lu K, Teicher BA: Transforming growth factor-beta and response to anticancer therapies in human liver and gastric tumors in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol. 2000, 16: 599-610.PubMed
59.
Ewan KB, Henshall-Powell RL, Ravani SA, Pajares MJ, Arteaga CL, Warters RL, Akhurst RJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH: Transforming growth factor-β1 mediates cellular response to DNA damage in situ. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 5627-5631.PubMed
60.
Kirshner J, Jobling MF, Pajares MJ, Ravani SA, Glick A, Lavin M, Koslov S, Shiloh Y, Barcellos-Hoff MH: Inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling attenuates ATM activity in response to genotoxic stress. Cancer Res. 2006, 66: 10861-10868. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2565.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Ikebe M, Teicher BA: Dynamics of tumor oxygenation, CD31 staining and transforming growth factor-beta levels after treatment with radiation or cyclophosphamide in the rat 13762 mammary carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997, 37: 1115-1123.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Teicher BA, Maehara Y, Kakeji Y, Ara G, Keyes SR, Wong J, Herbst R: Reversal of in vivo drug resistance by the transforming growth factor-beta inhibitor decorin. Int J Cancer. 1997, 71: 49-58. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970328)71:1<49::AID-IJC10>3.0.CO;2-4.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Hirohashi S, Kanai Y: Cell adhesion system and human cancer morphogenesis. Cancer Sci. 2003, 94: 575-581. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01485.x.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Andarawewa KL, Kirshner J, Mott JD, Barcellos-Hoff MH: TGFβ: roles in DNA damage responses. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Cancer Therapy, Cancer Treatment and Therapy. Edited by: Jakowlew S. 2007, Totowa: Humana Press, II: 321-334.
65.
(EBCTCG) EBCTCG: Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005, 366: 2087-2106.CrossRef
66.
Bakkenist CJ, Kastan MB: Initiating cellular stress responses. Cell. 2004, 118: 9-17. 10.1016/j.cell.2004.06.023.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Shiloh Y: ATM: Sounding the double-strand break alarm. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2000, 65: 527-533. 10.1101/sqb.2000.65.527.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Wiegman EM, Blaese MA, Loeffler H, Coppes RP, Rodemann HP: TGFbeta-1 dependent fast stimulation of ATM and p53 phosphorylation following exposure to ionizing radiation does not involve TGFbeta-receptor I signalling. Radiother Oncol. 2007, 83: 289-295. 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.05.013.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Biswas S, Guix M, Rinehart C, Dugger TC, Chytil A, Moses HL, Freeman ML, Arteaga CL: Inhibition of TGF-beta with neutralizing antibodies prevents radiation-induced acceleration of metastatic cancer progression. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117: 1305-1313. 10.1172/JCI30740.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Metadaten
Titel
Transforming growth factor-β in breast cancer: too much, too late
verfasst von
Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
Rosemary J Akhurst
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2009
Verlag
BioMed Central
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research / Ausgabe 1/2009
Elektronische ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2224

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2009

Breast Cancer Research 1/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Research article

Prediction of paclitaxel sensitivity by CDK1 and CDK2 activity in human breast cancer cells

Research article

Determination of HER2 phosphorylation at tyrosine 1221/1222 improves prediction of poor survival for breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors

Research article

Methylation of homeobox genes is a frequent and early epigenetic event in breast cancer

Research article

CD146 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in human breast tumors and with enhanced motility in breast cancer cell lines

Research article

Prognostic impact of human epidermal growth factor-like receptor 2 and hormone receptor status in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): analysis of 2,014 IBC patient cases from the California Cancer Registry

Editorial

The transition from ductal carcinoma in situto invasive breast cancer: the other side of the coin

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

25.04.2024 | Nierenkarzinom | Nachrichten

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 | NSCLC | Nachrichten

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

24.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Nachrichten

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

23.04.2024 | Medikamente in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit | Nachrichten

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert
weitere anzeigen

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen