Background
Methods
Sample and participants
Blood pressure measurement
Sociodemographic variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | HT (n = 14003) | PRT (n = 17281) | NT (n = 16211) |
Z/χ
2
*
|
P
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 27.591 | <0.001 | |||
Male | 6378 (33.2) | 7902 (41.1) | 4950 (25.7) | ||
Female | 7625 (27.0) | 9379 (33.2) | 11261 (39.8) | ||
Age | 9718.166 | <0.001 | |||
18–29 | 729 (6.1) | 4303 (34.7) | 7007 (58.2) | ||
30–39 | 1356 (17.0) | 3145 (39.4) | 3483 (43.6) | ||
40–49 | 2840 (29.4) | 3906 (40.4) | 2930 (30.3) | ||
50–59 | 3525 (43.1) | 3031 (37.1) | 1621 (19.8) | ||
60–69 | 3455 (55.7) | 1930 (31.1) | 817 (13.2) | ||
70–79 | 2098 (61.4) | 966 (28.3) | 353 (10.3) | ||
Marital status | 4733.453 | <0.001 | |||
Married | 12051 (34.7) | 12878 (37.1) | 9792 (28.2) | ||
Single | 645 (6.4) | 3595 (35.4) | 5902 (58.2) | ||
Divorced/widowed | 1307 (49.7) | 808 (30.7) | 517 (19.6) | ||
Educational level | 3391.819 | <0.001 | |||
Illiterate or primary school | 4505 (46.5) | 3225 (33.3) | 1968 (20.3) | ||
High school | 6906 (31.8) | 8239 (37.9) | 6591 (30.3) | ||
University | 2592 (16.1) | 5817 (36.2) | 7652 (47.6) | ||
Occupation | 49.867 | <0.001 | |||
Physical laborer | 9684 (38.7) | 8820 (35.3) | 6512 (26.0) | ||
Laborer with mental work | 4319 (19.2) | 8461 (37.6) | 9699 (43.1) | ||
Ethnicity | 332.522 | <0.001 | |||
Han | 10789 (30.3) | 12874 (36.2) | 11927 (33.5) | ||
Yi | 652 (26.7) | 985 (40.3) | 808 (33.0) | ||
Miao | 143 (22.2) | 250 (38.9) | 250 (38.9) | ||
Mongolia | 557 (31.6) | 644 (36.6) | 560 (31.8) | ||
Tibetan | 138 (15.6) | 275 (31.1) | 471 (53.3) | ||
Korean | 529 (36.5) | 525 (36.2) | 395 (27.3) | ||
Hui | 732 (28.2) | 968 (37.3) | 896 (34.5) | ||
Tujia | 293 (24.2) | 444 (36.6) | 475 (39.2) | ||
Others | 170 (18.6) | 316 (34.5) | 429 (46.9) | ||
Smoker | 374.036 | <0.001 | |||
Never | 10396 (28.1) | 13092 (35.4) | 13473 (36.5) | ||
Current | 3515 (34.0) | 4133 (39.9) | 2701 (26.1) | ||
Former | 92 (49.7) | 56 (30.3) | 37 (20.0) | ||
Alcohol drinker | 19.417 | <0.001 | |||
No | 10360 (28.1) | 12992 (35.3) | 13466 (36.6) | ||
Yes | 3643 (34.1) | 4289 (40.2) | 2745 (25.7) | ||
High-salt diets | 2.962 | 0.003 | |||
No | 12479 (29.3) | 15522 (36.4) | 14617 (34.3) | ||
Yes | 1524 (31.2) | 1759 (36.1) | 1594 (32.7) | ||
BMI | 6399.594 | <0.001 | |||
General obesity | 3316 (58.8) | 1776 (31.5) | 551 (9.8) | ||
Overweight | 5886 (40.1) | 5763 (39.3) | 3026 (20.6) | ||
Normal | 4801 (17.7) | 9742 (35.8) | 12634 (46.5) | ||
Abdominal obesity | 76.4597 | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 8691 (47.0) | 6473 (36.4) | 3074 (16.6) | ||
No | 5312 (18.3) | 10538 (36.4) | 13137 (45.3) | ||
Family history of cardiovascular diseases | 8.0453 | <0.001 | |||
No | 12385 (29.0) | 15533 (36.4) | 14791 (34.6) | ||
Yes | 1618 (33.8) | 1748 (36.5) | 1420 (29.7) |
Characteristics | Univariate logistic model | Multivariate logistic model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR* | 95 % CI* | OR* | 95 % CI* | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1.917 | 1.833–2.005 | 2.076 | 1.952–2.208 |
Female | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Age | ||||
18–29 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
30–39 | 1.470 | 1.383–1.563 | 1.201 | 1.090–1.322 |
40–49 | 2.171 | 2.042–2.308 | 1.607 | 1.456–1.773 |
50–59 | 3.045 | 2.835–3.270 | 2.081 | 1.868–2.319 |
60–69 | 3.847 | 3.515–4.210 | 2.498 | 2.204–2.831 |
70–79 | 4.456 | 3.922–5.063 | 2.948 | 2.514–3.457 |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Single | 0.463 | 0.441–0.486 | 0.928 | 0.844–1.020 |
Divorced/widowed | 1.188 | 1.061–1.331 | 1.003 | 0.888–1.134 |
Educational level | ||||
Illiterate or primary school | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
High school | 0.763 | 0.715–0.814 | 0.919 | 0.851–0.992 |
University | 0.464 | 0.434–0.495 | 0.687 | 0.627–0.752 |
Occupation | ||||
Physical laborer | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Laborer with mental work | 0.644 | 0.617–0.673 | 1.084 | 1.020–1.152 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Yi | 1.129 | 1.026–1.244 | 1.347 | 1.210–1.500 |
Miao | 0.926 | 0.776–1.106 | 0.753 | 0.623–0.910 |
Mongolia | 1.065 | 0.949–1.196 | 1.042 | 0.920–1.179 |
Tibetan | 0.541 | 0.465–0.629 | 0.521 | 0.442–0.613 |
Korean | 1.231 | 1.078–1.406 | 0.965 | 0.837–1.111 |
Hui | 1.001 | 0.911–1.100 | 1.133 | 1.024–1.253 |
Tujia | 0.866 | 0.759–0.988 | 0.779 | 0.677–0.898 |
Others | 0.682 | 0.589–0.791 | 0.974 | 0.832–1.140 |
Smoker | ||||
Never | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Current | 1.575 | 1.492–1.662 | 0.741 | 0.688–0.798 |
Former | 1.558 | 1.028–2.361 | 0.825 | 0.530–1.285 |
Alcohol drinker | ||||
No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.619 | 1.535–1.709 | 1.147 | 1.072–1.228 |
High-salt diets | ||||
No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.039 | 0.968–1.116 | 0.977 | 0.905–1.055 |
BMI | ||||
General obesity | 4.180 | 3.785 | 2.460 | 2.190–2.763 |
Overweight | 2.470 | 2.346 | 1.667 | 1.563–1.788 |
Normal | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Abdominal obesity | ||||
Yes | 2.734 | 2.601–2.873 | 1.371 | 1.280–1.467 |
No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Family history of cardiovascular diseases | ||||
No | 1.0 (Ref.) | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.172 | 1.089–1.262 | 1.132 | 1.045–1.226 |