Background
Methods
Sampling and procedures
Measures
Lifestyle behaviours
Social participation
Mortality outcomes
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristicsa
| Poor Diet | Alcohol risk | Currently Smoking | Physical inactivity | Excessive Sitting | Sleep risk | Poor social participation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%)a
| (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | ||
Sex | Female | 19 556 | 61.1 | 3.1 | 33.9 | 42.4 | 34.1 | 13.1 | 36.9 |
Male | 17 355 | 65.1 | 14.2 | 30.4 | 37.5 | 43.7 | 14.5 | 46.5 | |
Age | 20–35 | 10 697 | 64.6 | 9.5 | 29.6 | 31.4 | 39.1 | 15.4 | 40.7 |
>35–50 | 14 217 | 62.9 | 9.1 | 36.5 | 41.4 | 41.1 | 11.8 | 36.8 | |
>50–65 | 9866 | 61.5 | 6.8 | 30.1 | 46.8 | 37.0 | 13.3 | 47.1 | |
>65–69 | 2131 | 62.7 | 4.7 | 26.3 | 44.3 | 27.6 | 21.2 | 49.5 | |
Educational attainment | Primary school | 9392 | 64.1 | 7.3 | 40.4 | 52.6 | 27.4 | 17.0 | 54.3 |
High school | 13 768 | 66.4 | 9.2 | 36.4 | 41.8 | 34.2 | 14.1 | 41.9 | |
Junior college | 4203 | 64.0 | 8.6 | 27.3 | 31.0 | 46.7 | 13.4 | 34.6 | |
University/post-secondary | 9126 | 56.3 | 8.0 | 19.8 | 28.5 | 53.3 | 9.9 | 30.0 | |
Missing | 422 | 60.7 | 6.4 | 33.2 | 46.9 | 36.3 | 21.1 | 53.3 | |
Marital status | Single/divorced/separated/windowed | 14 113 | 63.3 | 11.4 | 35.9 | 36.4 | 40.2 | 16.2 | 47.3 |
Married/De-facto | 22 708 | 62.8 | 6.4 | 29.9 | 42.4 | 37.7 | 12.3 | 37.7 | |
Missing | 90 | 60.0 | 6.7 | 30.0 | 41.1 | 47.8 | 14.4 | 50.0 | |
Total | All respondents | 36 911 | 63.0 | 8.3 | 32.2 | 40.1 | 38.7 | 13.8 | 41.4 |
All-cause mortality | CMD mortality | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk Factora
| n | Total died | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HRb (95% CI) | Total died | Unadjusted SHR (95% CI) | Adjusted SHRb (95% CI) | |
Diet | Not at risk | 13 659 | 848 | 1 | 1 | 249 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 23 252 | 1,372 | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | 0.96 (0.88-1.05) | 434 | 1.07 (0.92-1.25) | 1.04 (0.89-1.21) | |
Alcohol consumption | Not at risk | 33 837 | 1,981 | 1 | 1 | 617 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 3074 | 239 | 1.84 (1.61-2.10) | 1.47 (1.28-1.68) | 66 | 1.59 (1.24-2.06) | 1.12 (0.86-1.45) | |
Smoking | Not at risk | 25 016 | 1,204 | 1 | 1 | 387 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 11 895 | 1,016 | 2.16 (1.99-2.35) | 2.06 (1.89-2.24) | 296 | 1.86 (1.60-2.16) | 1.71 (1.47-1.99) | |
Physical activity | Not at risk | 22 113 | 1,143 | 1 | 1 | 335 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 14 798 | 1,077 | 1.19 (1.09-1.29) | 1.23 (1.13-1.34) | 348 | 1.27 (1.09-1.47) | 1.35 (1.16-1.58) | |
Sitting time | Not at risk | 22 646 | 1,389 | 1 | 1 | 408 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 14 265 | 831 | 1.18 (1.08-1.28) | 1.16 (1.06-1.27) | 275 | 1.35 (1.16-1.58) | 1.30 (1.11-1.52) | |
Sleep Duration | Not at risk | 31 821 | 1,785 | 1 | 1 | 535 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 5090 | 435 | 1.35 (1.22-1.50) | 1.32 (1.19-1.47) | 148 | 1.48 (1.23-1.78) | 1.44 (1.19-1.73) | |
Social participation | Not at risk | 21 631 | 1,015 | 1 | 1 | 294 | 1 | 1 |
At risk | 15 280 | 1,205 | 1.41 (1.30-1.53) | 1.25 (1.15-1.37) | 389 | 1.48 (1.28-1.73) | 1.24 (1.06-1.45) |
All-cause mortality | CMD mortality | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Deaths | Adjusted HRb (95% CI) | Deaths | Adjusted SHRb (95% CI) | |
No risk behaviour | 5312 | 170 | 1 | 39 | 1 |
One | 11 703 | 582 | 1.37 (1.15-1.62) | 180 | 1.75 (1.24-2.48) |
Two | 11 364 | 673 | 1.55 (1.31-1.84) | 210 | 1.94 (1.38-2.73) |
Three | 6557 | 566 | 2.26 (1.91-2.69) | 184 | 2.80 (1.97-3.96) |
Four | 2312 | 260 | 3.16 (2.60-3.85) | 84 | 3.66 (2.49-5.37) |
Five | 480 | 72 | 4.26 (3.22-5.62) | 28 | 5.28 (3.18-8.77) |
Six | 57 | 14 | 6.15 (3.56-10.63) | 2 | 2.23 (0.50-9.92) |
Combinations | Alcohol | Smoking | Physical inactivity | Sitting | Sleep | Social participation | All-cause mortality | CMD mortality | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | Deaths | Adjusteda HR (95% CI) | Deaths | Adjusteda SHR (95% CI) | |||||||
1 |
−
|
−
|
−
|
−
|
−
|
−
| 14.1 | 170 | 1 | 39 | 1 |
2 |
−
|
−
|
−
|
+
|
−
|
−
| 9.6 | 114 | 1.15 (0.90-1.48) | 33 | 1.46 (0.91-2.35) |
3 |
−
|
−
|
+
|
−
|
−
|
−
| 7.5 | 131 | 1.18 (0.93-1.49) | 41 | 1.68 (1.07-2.66) |
4 |
−
|
−
|
−
|
−
|
−
|
+
| 6.8 | 177 | 1.42 (1.14-1.77) | 58 | 1.57 (1.03-2.39) |
5 |
−
|
−
|
+
|
−
|
−
|
+
| 5.4 | 123 | 1.14 (0.89-1.45) | 32 | 1.00 (0.63-1.60) |
6 |
−
|
−
|
−
|
+
|
−
|
+
| 4.5 | 68 | 1.14 (0.85-1.52) | 25 | 1.61 (0.96-2.69) |
7 |
−
|
+
|
−
|
−
|
−
|
−
| 4.5 | 111 | 2.30 (1.80-2.93) | 29 | 2.40 (1.47-3.91) |
8 |
−
|
−
|
+
|
+
|
−
|
−
| 4.4 | 85 | 1.47 (1.13-1.91) | 30 | 2.22 (1.39-3.54) |
9 |
−
|
+
|
+
|
−
|
−
|
+
| 3.8 | 161 | 2.87 (2.28-3.62) | 47 | 3.15 (1.98-5.03) |
10 |
−
|
+
|
−
|
−
|
−
|
+
| 3.6 | 124 | 2.19 (1.72-2.8) | 38 | 2.31 (1.43-3.74) |
11 |
−
|
+
|
+
|
−
|
−
|
−
| 3.3 | 77 | 2.17 (1.64-2.88) | 23 | 2.77 (1.64-4.67) |
12 |
−
|
−
|
+
|
+
|
−
|
+
| 3.2 | 83 | 1.56 (1.19-2.04) | 35 | 2.69 (1.59-4.20) |