Background
Methods
Collection of plant material
Plant name | Family | Common name(s) | Parts used | Traditional uses | Voucher No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypericum roeperianum
| Hypericaceae | Large-leaved Curry Bush | Leaves | Infections [42] | PRU 120126 |
Cremaspora triflora. | Rubiaceae | Synonym: Cremaspora coffeoides Hemsl. (1896). | Bark, roots | Tooth ache, rheumatism, swellings, intestinal parasites diuretic | PRU 120129 |
Heteromorpha arborescens
| Apiaceae | Parsley tree (Eng.); Wildepietersielie (Afr.) | Leaves, roots | PRU 120026 | |
Pittosporum viridiflorum
| Pittosporaceae | Cheesewood (E), Kasuur (A), umVusamvu (Z) | leaves, bark | PRU 120025 | |
Bolusanthus speciosus
| Fabaceae | Tree wisteria (English); Vanwykshout (Afrikaans); Mogaba (Northern Sotho); Motsokophala (Tswana); Mukambana (Venda), umHolo (Zulu) | bark | Abdominal cramps, vomiting, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, anti-termite [45] | PRU 120027 |
Calpurnia aurea
| Fabaceae | Common Calpurnia, Calpurnia, Wild Geelkeurboom, Geelkeur (Afr.) | leaves, roots, seeds | Malaria, wound healing, stomach ache, headaches, eye infections, rheumatism, diarrhoea, leishmaniasis, taeniasis, trachoma, allergic rashes caused by caterpillar, elephantiasis, swellings, fungal skin diseases, excessive menstrual flow, amoebiasis, syphilis, giardiasis, rabies, diabetes, abscess, hypertension, maggots in wounds, control of ticks, lice and mites in chickens, mastitis in cows, other gastrointestinal tract infections in livestock [38, 46] | PRU 120024 |
Maesa lanceolata
| Maesaceae | False assegai ( Eng. ); Valsassegaai (Afr.) | Leaves, roots, fruits | PRU 120125 | |
Elaeodendron croceum
| Celastraceae | Saffron; saffron wood, forest saffron (Eng.); saffraan, bossafraan (Afr.) | Leaves, bark, roots | PRU 120127 | |
Morus mesozygia
| Moraceae | Black mulberry or African mulberry | Leaves, bark, roots | Arthritis, debility, malnutrition, gastroenteritis, rheumatism, venereal diseases, wound infections, dermatitis, syphilis, malaria, fever, pain, depression, peptic ulcers [48] | PRU 120128 |
Preparation of extracts
Test organism
Antibacterial screening
Cytotoxic activity
Statistical analysis
Results and discussion
Extract yield and total antibacterial activity
Plant names | Quantity extracted per 1 gram (mg/g) | Mean MIC (mg/ml) | Total Activity (ml/g) | Cytotoxicity (μg/ml) | SI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypericum roeperianum
| 119.97 | 0.04 | 2999 | 66.2 ± 0.02 | 1.66 |
Cremaspora triflora
| 20.17 | 0.16 | 126 | 57.4 ± 2.94 | 0.36 |
Heteromorpha arborescens
| 26.03 | 0.16 | 163 | 81.0 ± 7.6 | 0.51 |
Pittosporum viridiflorum
| 27.17 | 0.08 | 340 | 54.6 ± 14.3 | 0.68 |
Bolusanthus speciosus
| 23.03 | 0.04 | 576 | 52.8 ± 3.92 | 1.32 |
Calpurnia aurea
| 28.63 | 0.31 | 92 | 13.6 ± 2.26 | 0.04 |
Maesa lanceolata
| 111.23 | 0.02 | 5562 | 2.38 ± 0.25 | 0.12 |
Elaeodendron croceum
| 89.97 | 0.31 | 290 | 5.2 ± 0.24 | 0.02 |
Morus mesozygia
| 18.47 | 0.04 | 462 | 40.7 ± 1.54 | 1.02 |
Gentamicin | ND | 0.0002 | NA | NA | ND |
Doxorubicin | NA | NA | NA | 8.3 ± 1.76 | ND |