Introduction
Exosomal RNAs in epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Exosomal RNAs induce angiogenesis
Exosomal RNAs stimulate a premetastatic niche and occurrence of metastasis
Exosomal RNAs in the immune response
Exosomal RNAs are involved in therapeutic resistance
Potential roles of exosomal RNAs in cancer diagnostics and therapy
Exosomal ncRNAs as cancer diagnostic biomarkers
Cancer type | ncRNA | Exosome source | Cancer outcome | Application | Purification strategy | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | miR-105 | Serum | Enhance cancer progression and metastasis. Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis of BC metastasis | Ultracentrifugation | [29] |
Esophageal Cancer | miR-93-5p | the Blood (Serum/Plasma) | Promote cancer cells’ Proliferation. Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | Differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation | [55] |
Gastric cancer | LINC00152 | Plasma samples | Not mentioned | Early diagnosis | Total Exosome Isolation Reagent | [54] |
Colorectal cancer | lncRNA-GAS5 | Serum | Inhibit CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Favorable prognosis | Diagnosis and prognosis | Differential ultracentrifugation | [53] |
Triple-negative breast cancer | microRNA-373 | Serum | Inhibit cancer cells’ apoptosis. Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | ExoQuick | [62] |
Ovarian cancer | miR-21, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-200b, miR-203, miR-205 miR-214 | Sera specimens | Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | A modified magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) procedure | [63] |
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | let-7a, miR-99b, −146a, −155, −191, − 1246 | Serum | Poor prognosis | Therapy monitoring | Differential centrifugation and ExoQuick | [64] |
Prostate cancer (PC) | miR-141 miR-375 | Serum, Plasma and Urine | Promote metastasis Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | A filter concentrator with a 150-kDa molecular weight cutoff | [65] |
Gastric cancer | LncRNA- ZFAS1 | Serum or Sera | Enhance GC cell proliferation and migration Poor prognosis | Early diagnosis | Ultracentrifugation | [67] |