Background
Methods
Study design and populations
Measurements
Participants’ characteristics
Chronic diseases measure
Functional independence measure
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample (N = 2705) | ||
---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 69.24 (7.58) | |
Age group, years, n (%) | 60 ~ 69 | 1644 (60.8) |
70 ~ 79 | 736 (27.2) | |
80~ | 325 (12.0) | |
Gender, n (%) | Male | 1131 (41.8) |
Female | 1574 (58.2) | |
Marital status, n (%) | Married | 2074 (76.7) |
Single | 631 (23.3) | |
Education level, n (%) | Primary school or lower | 1401 (51.8) |
Middle school | 597 (22.1) | |
High school or above | 707 (26.1) | |
Employment status, n (%) | Employed | 133 (4.9) |
Unemployed | 2572 (95.1) | |
Individual economic condition, n (%) | Good | 1477 (54.6) |
Not good | 1228 (45.4) | |
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 23.90 (3.90) | |
Body mass index, kg/m2, n (%) | <18.5 | 124 (4.6) |
18.5 ~ 23.9 | 1317 (48.7) | |
24 ~ 27.9 | 981 (36.3) | |
≥28 | 283 (10.5) | |
Number of chronic diseases, n (%) | 0 | 663 (24.5) |
1 | 812 (30.0) | |
≥2 | 1230 (45.5) | |
FIM score, mean (SD) | 119.66 (12.79) | |
FIM category, n (%) | Complete independent | 1021 (37.7) |
Not complete independent | 1684 (62.3) |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age group, years | 70 ~ 79 | 1.46 (1.22–1.75)**
| 1.40 (1.15–1.69)**
|
80~ | 4.36 (3.17–5.99)**
| 3.62 (2.59–5.09)**
| |
Gender | Female | 1.31 (1.12–1.54)**
| 1.12 (0.94–1.33) |
Marital status | Single | 1.60 (1.32–1.94)**
| 1.05 (0.85–1.30) |
Education level | Middle school | 0.56 (0.46–0.69)**
| 0.65 (0.53–0.80)*
|
High school or above | 0.49 (0.41–0.59)**
| 0.54 (0.45–0.66)**
| |
Employment status | Unemployed | 1.72 (1.21–2.44)**
| 1.34 (0.93–1.93) |
Individual economic | Good | 0.77 (0.66–0.90)**
| 0.75 (0.64–0.89)**
|
Body mass index,kg/m2
| <18.5 | 1.16 (0.79–1.71) | 0.94 (0.63–1.42) |
24 ~ 27.9 | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | |
≥28 | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 0.95 (0.71–1.25) | |
No. of chronic diseases | 1 | 1.32 (1.08–1.63)**
| 1.22 (0.98–1.51) |
≥2 | 2.21 (1.82–2.69)**
| 2.06 (1.68–2.53)**
|
Type of single disease | Sample,
n (%) | 95% CI | Rank | Pairs of diseasesa
| Sample,
n (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 1214 (44.9) | 42.9%, 46.9% | 1 | HT + CP | 359 (13.3) | 11.9%, 14.7% |
Chronic pain | 731 (27.0) | 25.2%, 28.8% | 2 | HT + DM | 273 (10.1) | 8.9%, 11.3% |
Diabetes mellitus | 455 (16.8) | 15.4%, 18.2% | 3 | HT + HL | 230 (8.5) | 7.5%, 9.5% |
Hyperlipidemia | 375 (13.9) | 12.5%, 15.3% | 4 | HT + BD | 200 (7.4) | 6.4%, 8.4% |
Bone diseases | 346 (12.8) | 11.6%, 14.0% | 5 | CP + BD | 166 (6.1) | 5.1%, 7.1% |
Gastroenteritis | 320 (11.8) | 10.6%, 13.0% | 6 | HT + HD | 164 (6.1) | 5.1%, 7.1% |
Heart disease | 283 (10.5) | 9.3%, 11.7% | 7 | CP + HL | 148 (5.5) | 4.7%, 6.3% |
Gout | 194 (7.2) | 6.2%, 8.2% | 8 | CP + GE | 146 (5.4) | 4.6%, 6.2% |
Peripheral vascular disease | 157 (5.8) | 5.0%, 6.6% | 9 | CP + HD | 118 (4.4) | 3.6%, 5.2% |
Chronic kidney disease | 118 (4.4) | 3.6%, 5.2% | 10 | DM + HL | 107 (4.0) | 3.2%, 4.8% |
Spleen and gallbladder diseases | 110 (4.1) | 3.3%, 4.9% | 11 | HL + HD | 82 (3.0) | 2.4%, 3.6% |
Pulmonary disease | 102 (3.8) | 3.0%, 4.6% | 12 | HL + GE | 79 (2.9) | 2.3%, 3.5% |
Stroke | 79 (2.9) | 2.3%, 3.5% | 13 | BD + GE | 77 (2.8) | 2.2%, 3.4% |
Cancer | 29 (1.1) | 0.7%, 1.5% | 14 | HL + BD | 76 (2.8) | 2.2%, 3.4% |
Multiple sclerosis | 19 (0.7) | 0.3%, 1.1% | 15 | DM + HD | 62 (2.3) | 1.7%, 2.9% |
Dementia | 18 (0.7) | 0.3%, 1.1% | 16 | GE + HD | 58 (2.1) | 1.5%, 2.7% |
Mental disorder | 6 (0.2) | 0.03%, 0.4% | 17 | BD + HD | 53 (2.0) | 1.4%, 2.6% |
Top10 pairs of diseases | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | Chronic pain | 2.18 (1.68–2.82)**
| 1.64 (1.25–2.16)**
|
Hypertension | Diabetes mellitus | 1.41 (1.08–1.85)*
| 1.28 (0.96–1.71) |
Hypertension | Hyperlipidemia | 1.37 (1.02–1.82)*
| 1.16 (0.85–1.60) |
Hypertension | Bone diseases | 2.01 (1.44–2.81)**
| 1.40 (0.98–2.01) |
Chronic pain | Bone diseases | 1.53 (1.08–2.16)*
| 1.10 (0.76–1.59) |
Hypertension | Heart disease | 2.17 (1.49–3.16)**
| 1.72 (1.15–2.58)**
|
Chronic pain | Hyperlipidemia | 1.62 (1.12–2.35)*
| 1.28 (0.86–1.92) |
Chronic pain | Gastroenteritis | 1.77 (1.22–2.59)**
| 1.44 (0.96–2.16) |
Chronic pain | Heart disease | 2.21 (1.42–3.44)**
| 1.54 (0.96–2.48) |
Diabetes mellitus | Hyperlipidemia | 1.37 (1.02–1.82)*
| 0.96 (0.62–1.48) |
Factor loadings | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SGD-CKD-GE and PVD group | Neuropsychiatric-stroke group | Bones and pain group | Cardiometabolic group | Lung and cancer group | |
Factor analysis
| |||||
Hypertension | 0.64 | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 0.63 | ||||
Hyperlipidemia | 0.50 | 0.44 | |||
PVD | 0.45 | ||||
Heart disease | 0.44 | ||||
CKD | 0.48 | ||||
SGD | 0.60 | ||||
Gastroenteritis | 0.45 | ||||
Chronic pain | 0.63 | ||||
Bone diseases | 0.68 | ||||
Gout | 0.38 | ||||
Pulmonary disease | 0.68 | ||||
Cancer | 0.65 | ||||
Dementia | 0.72 | ||||
Mental disorder | 0.70 | ||||
Stroke | 0.44 | ||||
Multiple sclerosis | 0.52 | ||||
Prevalence, n (%) | 291 (10.8) | 13 (0.5) | 372 (13.8) | 442 (16.3) | 4 (0.1) |
Regression analysis
| |||||
Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.48(1.14–1.93)**
| 7.32(0.95–56.38) | 1.69(1.33–2.16)**
| 1.43(1.15–1.78)**
| 1.82(0.19–17.52) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.29(0.96–1.74) | 3.97(0.50–31.72) | 1.41(1.09–1.84)**
| 1.31(1.03–1.66)*
| 1.61(0.15–16.72) |