Background
Full range leadership model
Implementation leadership
Implementation leadership development
Methods/design
Setting
Design
Intervention groups
Recruitment process and participants
Intervention development
Intervention content
Workshops 1 and 2 Implementation and leadership 2 × 3 h | Workshop 3 Communicating the implementation 3 h | Workshop 4 Supporting the implementation 3 h | Workshop 5 Sustaining the implementation 3 h |
---|---|---|---|
Introduction to implementation and leadership (FRLM and Behavioral Change Wheel) Action plan initiation—identifying, pin-pointing and analyzing employee target behaviors 180-degree feedback on general and implementation-specific leadership behaviors, understanding and analyzing feedback on implementation leadership Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 1/2 and 3 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Action plan finalization—identifying, pin-pointing and analyzing manager implementation leadership behaviors to enable and facilitate employee target behaviors Training of inspirational and motivational communication in relation to the action plans Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 3 and 4 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Action plan follow-up and revision Understanding employee reactions and resistance to implementation Training of possible implementation leadership behaviors to overcome resistance and to support the implementation Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 4 and 5 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Action plan follow-up and revision Intervention sustainment—measuring and monitoring change, conducting adaptations Implementation leadership to facilitate sustainment Planning for transfer of learning |
Workshops for senior management and change agents (only group 2)
Workshop 1 Implementation and motivational inspiration 3 h | Workshop 2 Supporting the implementation 3 h | Workshop 3 Identifying obstacles and matching strategies 3 h | Workshop 4 Identifying obstacles and matching strategies 3 h | Workshop 5 Sustaining the implementation 3 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction to implementation and leadership (FRLM and Behavioral Change Wheel) Identifying and defining the implementation object Training of inspirational and motivational communication Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 1 and 2 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Understanding employee reactions and resistance to implementation Training of possible implementation leadership behaviors to overcome resistance and to support the implementation Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 2 and 3 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Analyzing the implementation target behavior through identifying hindering factors that may negatively affect the implementation Redefining the implementation object Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 3 and 4 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Identifying, pin-pointing and analyzing senior management implementation leadership behaviors to enable and facilitate implementation in the whole organization Create an action plan Introduction of assignment to work with between workshops 4 and 5 | Follow-up on the between-workshop assignment Action plan follow-up and revision Intervention sustainment—measuring and monitoring change, conducting adaptations Implementation leadership to facilitate sustainment Planning for transfer of learning |
Pedagogical approach
Work with one’s own implementation object throughout the intervention |
Short expert lectures |
Reflection in small groups and individually |
Group work |
Role-play |
Feedback from employees, i.e., 180-degree feedback |
Feedback from fellow participants |
Feedback from workshop leaders |
Concrete work and help with one’s own implementation process, i.e., action plan and sustainability plan |
Work at home between the workshops |
Booster email between the workshops |
Data collection of process and effect measures
Pre- and post-questionnaires to managers and employees
Construct | Data source | Number of items and response format (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree if not otherwise indicated) | Respondent | Time of measurement |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcomes | ||||
PPQ PEQ | 20 items | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
Short form of implementation-specific transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership based on [52] | PEQ | 6 items | M | WS: 1 and 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Changes in procedure based on [54] | PPQ | 3 items | M E | T2, T3 |
PPQ | 1 item 1 = large impairment–5 = large improvement | E | T2, T3 | |
Secondary outcomes | ||||
PPQ | 9 items (2 items) | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 6 items | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
Quality improvement implementation scale based on [61] | PPQ | 4 items | M E | T1, T2, T3 |
PPQ | 1 item 1 = excellent–5 = poor | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 4 items | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 1 item 1 = never–5 = everyday | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 3 items (1 item for each subscale) | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 3 items | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 2 item 1 = never–5 = everyday | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 3 items 1 = low–10 = high | M E | T1, T2, T3 | |
Group process [73] | PPQ | 4 items | M E | T1, T2, T3 |
PPQ | 8 items | M | T1, T2, T3 | |
PPQ | 12 items | M E | T2, T3 | |
Process evaluation | ||||
Fit of the intervention [78] | PPQ | 1 item | M E | T2, T3 |
Direction [78] | PPQ | 2 items | E | T2, T3 |
Opportunity [78] | PPQ | 1 item | E | T2, T3 |
Participation quality [53] | PPQ | 3 items | M E | T2, T3 |
Integration into existing processes and structures [78] | PPQ | 2 items | E | T2, T3 |
Readiness for change [53] | PEQ | 5 items | M | WS: 1 and 2 |
Situational motivation [79] | PEQ | 9 items | M | WS: 1 and 2 |
Knowledge developed by the authors | PEQ | 6 items | M | WS 1 and 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Workshop evaluation developed by the authors | PEQ | 14 items 1 = not valuable–10 = very valuable | M | WS 1 and 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Organizational support [80] | PEQ | 4 items | M | WS 1 and 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Overall evaluation of workshop quality (Fricdrich A, Jenny GJ, Bauer GF: Development of a generic process appraisal scale for organizational health intervention elements, submitted) | PEQ | 10 items | M | WS5 |
Overall outcome expectancy [81] | PEQ | 3 items | M | WS5 |
Overall support of needs (Tafvelin S, Lundmark R, Stenling A: Development and validation of a measure of need supportive implementation scale, in preparation) | PEQ | 8 items | M | WS5 |