Background
Methods
Patients
Assessment of HRQoL
Survey procedures
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Characteristics | nSCG (450) n (%) | SCG (55) n (%) |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mean | 61 | 60 |
0.563
|
SD | 11 | 10 | ||
Gender | Male | 372 (82.7%) | 45 (81.8%) |
0.876
|
Female | 78 (17.3%) | 10 (18.2%) | ||
KPS Scorea
| 90–100 | 116 (25.8%) | 19 (34.5%) |
0.165
|
60–80 | 334 (74.2%) | 36 (65.5%) | ||
Histology | Squamous | 266 (59.1%) | 28 (50.9%) |
0.244
|
Non-squamous | 184 (40.9%) | 27 (49.1%) | ||
Stages (AJCC 2002) | IIIA | 156 (34.7%) | 25 (45.5%) |
0.115
|
IIIB | 294 (65.3%) | 30 (54.5%) | ||
Smoking status | Never | 89 (19.8%) | 13 (23.6%) |
0.501
|
Former/current | 361 (80.2%) | 42 (76.4%) | ||
Weight lossb
| ≥5 % | 121 (26.9%) | 15 (27.3%) |
0.959
|
<5 % | 328 (73.1%) | 40 (72.7%) | ||
Regimens | RT | 122 (27.1%) | 5 (9.1%) |
0.006
|
CRT | 147 (32.7%) | 18 (32.7%) | ||
CCRTc
| 181 (40.2%) | 32 (58.2%) | ||
RT dose | <60Gy | 138 (30.7%) | 11 (20%) |
0.102
|
≥60Gy | 312 (69.3%) | 44 (80%) | ||
RT-technique | 2D–RT | 41 (9.1%) | 2 (3.6%) |
0.343
|
3D–CRT | 22 (4.9%) | 2 (3.6%) | ||
IMRT | 387 (86%) | 51 (92.7%) | ||
Response rated
| CR + PR | 285 (64.2%) | 43 (78.2%) |
0.039
|
SD + PD | 159 (35.8%) | 12 (21.8%) | ||
Radiation esophagitise
| <grade 2 | 269 (64.4%) | 37 (67.3%) |
0.670
|
≥grade 2 | 149 (35.6%) | 18 (32.7%) | ||
Radiation pneumonitisf
| <grade 2 | 330 (85.3%) | 46 (83.6%) |
0.750
|
≥grade 2 | 57 (14.7%) | 9 (16.4%) |
Characteristic | n (%) |
---|---|
Comorbidities | |
Emphysema/COPD | 4 (7.3%) |
Heart disease | 7 (12.7%) |
Hypertension | 11 (20%) |
Diabetes | 4 (7.3%) |
Cancer | |
Second primary cancer | 3 (5.5%) |
Metastasis | 2 (3.6%) |
Other comorbidities | 5 (9.1%) |
Target therapy | 5 (9.1%) |
Smoking status | |
Never | 13 (23.6%) |
Former | 38 (69.1%) |
Current | 4 (7.3%) |
< 20 pack-y | 21 (38.2%) |
≥ 20 pack-y | 34 (61.8%) |
Education | |
Less than high school | 21 (38.2%) |
High school graduate or more | 34 (61.8%) |
Employment status | |
Employed | 10 (18.2%) |
Retired and unemployed | 45 (81.8%) |
Income per month | |
< 3000 | 16 (29.1%) |
≥ 3000 | 39 (70.9%) |
Medical insurance | |
URBMI | 51 (92.7%) |
NRCMS | 4 (7.3%) |
Taking exercise | |
yes | 45 (81.8%) |
no | 10 (18.2%) |
Survival and compliance
Health-related quality of life
QoL Scale | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Range |
---|---|---|---|
QLQ-C30 | |||
Global health status/QoL | 76.67 (15.91) | 83.33 (66.67–91.67) | (25–100) |
Physical functioning | 86.06 (14.53) | 93.33 (80.0–93.3) | (20–100) |
Role functioning | 91.21(17.53) | 100 (83.3–100) | (0–100) |
Emotional functioning | 89.58 (14.65) | 100 (75.0–100) | (50–100) |
Cognitive functioning | 94.24 (12.51) | 100 (100–100) | (33.3–100) |
Social functioning | 93.94 (13.75) | 100 (100–100) | (33.3–100) |
Fatigue | 27.02 (15.77) | 33.33 (22.22–33.33) | (0–100) |
Nausea and vomiting | 0.40 (2.99) | 0 (0–0) | (0–22.22) |
Pain | 5.76 (12.92) | 0 (0–0) | (0–66.67) |
Dyspnea | 24.85 (19.48) | 33.33 (0–33.33) | (0–66.67) |
Insomnia | 6.67 (16.23) | 0 (0–0) | (0–66.67) |
Appetite loss | 2.42 (8.74) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Constipation | 2.42 (8.74) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Diarrhea | 1.82 (7.64) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Financial difficulties | 14.55 (21.05) | 0 (0–33.33) | (0–66.67) |
QLQ LC-13 | |||
Dyspnea | 18.08 (13.74) | 11.11 (11.11–22.22) | (0–66.67) |
Coughing | 23.03 (19.11) | 33.33 (0–33.33) | (0–66.67) |
Hemoptysis | 4.24 (12.92) | 0 (0–0) | (0–66.67) |
Sore mouth | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0) | (0–0) |
Dysphagia | 1.82 (9.98) | 0 (0–0) | (0–66.67) |
Peripheral neuropathy | 2.42 (8.74) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Alopecia | 5.45 (14.00) | 0 (0–0) | (0–66.67) |
Pain in chest | 2.42 (8.74) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Pain in arm/shoulder | 3.64 (10.49) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Pain in other parts | 1.21 (6.30) | 0 (0–0) | (0–33.33) |
Risk factors for poor HRQoL
Age |
p
| Exercise |
p
| Comorbidity |
p
| Smoking status |
p
| Regimens |
p
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤60 (n = 25) | >60 (n = 30) | Yes (n = 45) | No (n = 10) | Yes (n = 24) | No (n = 31) | Never (n = 13) | Former/current (n = 42) | RT (n = 5) | RT + CT (n = 18) | CCRT (n = 32) | ||||||
Global health status | 82.64 (12.98) | 71.39 (16.48) | 0.011 | 79.81 (14.81) | 62.5 (13.18) | 0.001 | 69.79 (17.34) | 81.99 (12.56) | 0.007 | 85.71(12.42) | 73.58 (15.91) | 0.01 | 73.33 (21.57) | 79.63 (11.15) | 75.52 (17.45) | 0.775 |
Physical functioning | 93.06 (7.22) | 80.0 (16.33) | 0.000 | 88.59 (13.9) | 74.67 (12.09) | 0.001 | 80.28 (17.42) | 90.54 (10.00) | 0.007 | 90.95 (8.52) | 84.39 (15.82) | 0.162 | 78.67 (17.26) | 85.56 (11.72) | 87.5 (15.59) | 0.293 |
Role functioning | 98.61 (4.71) | 85.0 (21.60) | 0.001 | 93.7 (17.51) | 80.0 (13.15) | 0.000 | 85.42 (22.69) | 95.70 (10.00) | 0.019 | 96.43 (9.65) | 89.43 (19.28) | 0.157 | 86.67 (18.26) | 90.74 (13.06) | 92.19 (19.85) | 0.414 |
Emotional functioning | 90.97 (13.66) | 88.11 (15.63) | 0.492 | 90.59 (14.53) | 85.0 (15.11) | 0.110 | 87.22 (16.90) | 91.40 (12.64) | 0.284 | 91.07 (14.05) | 89.07 (14.99) | 0.619 | 95.0 (11.18) | 95.37 (9.58) | 85.47 (16.31) | 0.035 |
Social functioning | 100 (0) | 88.89 (17.14) | 0.001 | 95.93 (12.39) | 85.0 (16.57) | 0.002 | 88.20 (18.04) | 98.39 (6.60) | 0.002 | 98.81 (4.45) | 92.28 (15.41) | 0.114 | 86.67 (21.73) | 94.44 (9.90) | 94.79 (14.32) | 0.395 |
Age |
p
| Gender |
p
| Comorbidity |
p
| Exercise |
p
| Weight loss (≥5%) |
p
| RP |
p
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤60 (n = 25) | >60 (n = 30) | Male (n = 45) | Female (n = 10) | Yes (n = 24) | No (n = 31) | Yes (n = 45) | No (n = 10) | Yes (n = 15) | No (n = 40) | <grade 2 (n = 46) | ≥grade 2 (n = 9) | |||||||
Fatigue | 23.15 (13.48) | 30.28 (17.18) | 0.110 | 26.85 (16.6) | 27.78 (12.0) | 0.491 | 29.98 (19.71) | 24.73 (11.73) | 0.190 | 25.68 (16.72) | 33.06 (8.73) | 0.026 | 17.04 (13.19) | 30.76 (15.14) | 0.001 | 25.3 (12.45) | 35.8 (26.51) | 0.255 |
LCDY | 10.88 (9.62) | 24.07 (14.02) | 0.000 | 19.88 (13.74) | 10.0 (11.05) | 0.019 | 25.00 (15.46) | 12.72 (9.43) | 0.001 | 16.42 (12.64) | 25.56 (16.6) | 0.064 | 20.74 (9.26) | 17.08 (15.06) | 0.118 | 15.34 (9.74) | 32.1 (21.83) | 0.018 |