Background
Methods
Search strategy and data sources
Study selection
Data extraction
Statistical analyses
Result
Search results
Study characteristics
Serum 25(OH)D level and total fracture
Serum 25(OH)D level and hip fracture
Publication bias
Subgroup analysis
Name | Year | Study type | TF/HF/N | Sex | Age | Country | Period | Follow-up (year) | Adjustment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
van Schoor et al | 2008 | Cohort | 115\0\1311 | Both | ≥ 65 | Netherland | 1992–1993 | 6 | Age, sex, season, education, BMI, number of chronic, diseases, creatinine level, cognition, smoking, and alcohol use |
Chan et al | 2011 | Cohort | 72\24\712 | Men | ≥ 65 | China | 2001–2003 | 4 | Age, BMI, education, PASE, DQI, smoking status, and alcohol use |
Nakamura et al | 2011 | Cohort | 51\0\4250 | Women | ≥ 69 | Japan | 2009 | 6 | Age, BMI, BMD, medication of osteoporosis and PA |
Barbour et al | 2012 | Cohort | 331\84\2614 | Both | ≥ 70 | USA | 1997–1998 | 6.4 | Age, gender, race, education level, season of blood draw, BMI, current drinking, fracture after age 45 and clinical comorbidity index |
Looker et al | 2013 | Cohort | 525\287\4749 | Both | ≥ 65 | USA | 2000–2004 | 7 | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and survey |
Bleicher et al | 2013 | Cohort | 123\0\1662 | Men | 70–79 | Australia | 2005–2007 | 4.3 | Age, country of birth, BMI, PA, season of blood draw, previous fracture after age 50 years, calcium and vitamin D supplement, and BMD |
Tanaka et al | 2014 | Cohort | 382\42\1470 | Women | 63.7 ± 10.7 | Japan | 2003 | 7.2 | BMD, age, weight, diabetes mellitus, PTH, eGFR, prior fracture, back pain, bisphosphonates, SERM, active vitamin D |
Swanson et al | 2015 | Case cohort | 432\81\1000 | Men | 74.6 ± 6.2 | USA | 2000–2002 | 4.5 | Age, race, site, season, PA, height, weight, baseline hip BMD,1,25(OH)2D measure, and incident falls in the first year of follow-up |
Cauley et al | 2010 | Case cohort | 436\81\1929 | Men | ≥ 65 | USA | 2000–2002 | 5.3 | Age, race, clinic, season of blood draw, physical activity, weight, and height |
Bolland et al | 2009 | Cohort | 385\22\1471 | Women | Mean 74 | New Zealand | 1998–2003 | 5 | Treatment allocation (calcium or placebo) and baseline age, body weight, and smoking status |
Garnero et al | 2007 | Cohort | 134\0\669 | Women | Mean62.2 | France | 1992–1993 | 11.2 | Age, prevalent fracture, and PA |
deBoer et al | 2012 | Cohort | 0\137\1621 | Both | ≥ 65 | USA | 1992–2006 | 11 | Age, sex, clinical site, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity. |
Looker et al | 2008 | Cohort | 0\156\1917 | Both | ≥ 65 | USA | 1988–1994 | 6.7 | Age, sex, femoral neck BMD, BMI, previous fracture, dietary calcium, kilocalories, and weight loss from maximum |
Steingrimsdottir et al | 2014 | Cohort | 0\261\5471 | Both | ≥ 66 | Iceland | 2002–2006 | 5.4 | Age, sex, body mass index, height, smoking, alcohol intake and season, physical activity |
Cummings et al | 2013 | Cohort | 271\133\878 | Women | ≥ 65 | USA | 1986–1988 | 5.9 | Age and weight |
Robinson et al | 2011 | Cohort | 0\242\2249 | Both | ≥ 65 | USA | 1989–2009 | 13 | Age, race, sex, clinic site, a season, education, smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, or current, smoker), alcohol use (any vs. none), diabetes status (normal, impaired fasting glucose, or diabetes), body mass index, self-reported health status, physical activity level, oral steroid use, estrogen use, thiamine and loop diuretic use, serum cystatin C level, and calcium supplement use |
Holvik et al | 2013 | Case cohort | 0\1175\2526 | Both | ≥ 65 | Norway | 1994–2001 | 10.7 | Age, gender, study center, BMI, and month of blood sample |
Buchebner et al | 2014 | Cohort | 349\130\1044 | Women | 75 | Sweden | 1995–1999 | 13.1 | smoking, bisphosphonate use, and physical activity level |
Kauppi et al | 2013 | Cohort | 0\95\3305 | Both | 62.9 | Finland | 2000–2001 | 8.4 | Gender, age, height, weight, BMI, QU, alcohol consumption, smoking, and PA |
Ginsberg et al | 2018 | Case cohort | 0\289\890 | Both | Mean78 | USA | 1989–2006 | 8.4 | Age, sex, race, season of measurements, site of measurement and BMIeGFR, serum calcium, phosphate and FGF-23 |
Subgroup | Studies | RR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
TF | ||||
Men | 4 | 1.04 (0.85, 1.22) | 28.1 | 0.24 |
Women | 4 | 1.14 (0.95, 1.24) | 13.5 | 0.33 |
HF | ||||
Men | 2 | 0.99(−0.02, 2.00) | 56.2 | 0.13 |
Women | 3 | 1.25 (0.75, 1.75) | 16.3 | 0.3 |
Region | ||||
Europe | 6 | 0.88 (0.76, 1.01) | 73.3 | 0 |
Asia | 3 | 1.5 (1.04, 1.96) | 0 | 0.7 |
USA | 9 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 70.7 | 0 |
Australia | 2 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.30) | 59.8 | 0.12 |
Start time | ||||
TF | ||||
Before 2010 | 4 | 1.11 (0.93, 1.28) | 0 | 0.82 |
After 2010 | 7 | 1.12 (0.99, 1.24) | 49.1 | 0.07 |
HF | ||||
Before 2010 | 8 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.10) | 72.4 | 0 |
After 2010 | 4 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.88) | 22.5 | 0.28 |