Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine 6/2000

01.12.2000 | Leading Article

A Proposed Model for Examining the Interference Phenomenon between Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training

verfasst von: David Docherty, Ben Sporer

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 6/2000

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

A review of the current research on the interference phenomenon between concurrent aerobic and strength training indicates modest support for the model proposed in this article. However, it is clear that without a systematic approach to the investigation of the phenomenon there is lack of control and manipulation of the independent variables, which makes it difficult to test the validity of the model. To enhance the understanding of the interference phenomenon, it is important that researchers are precise and deliberate in their choice of training protocols.
Clear definition of the specific training objectives for strength (muscle hypertrophy or neural adaptation) and aerobic power (maximal aerobic power or anaerobic threshold) are required. In addition, researchers should equate training volumes as much as possible for all groups. Care needs to be exercised to avoid overtraining individuals. There should be adequate recovery and regeneration between the concurrent training sessions as well as during the training cycle. The model should be initially tested by maintaining the same protocols throughout the duration of the study. However, it is becoming common practice to use a periodised approach in a training mesocycle in which there is a shift from high volume and moderate intensity training to lower volume and higher intensity. The model should be evaluated in the context of a periodised mesocycle provided the investigators are sensitive to the potential impact of the loading parameters on the interference phenomenon. It may be that the periodised approach is one way of maintaining the training stimulus and minimising the amount of interference.
The effects of gender, training status, duration and frequency of training, and the mode of training need to be regarded as potential factors effecting the training response when investigating the interference phenomenon. Other experimental design factors such as unilateral limb training or training the upper body for one attribute and the lower body for another attribute, may help establish the validity of the model.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Fry R, Morton A, Keast D. Periodization of training stress: a review. Can J Sport Sci 1992; 17 (3): 234–40PubMed Fry R, Morton A, Keast D. Periodization of training stress: a review. Can J Sport Sci 1992; 17 (3): 234–40PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell G, Syrotuik D, Socha T, et al. Effects of strength training or concurrent strength and endurance training on strength, testosterone, and cortisol. J Strength Cond Res 1997; 11 (1): 57–64 Bell G, Syrotuik D, Socha T, et al. Effects of strength training or concurrent strength and endurance training on strength, testosterone, and cortisol. J Strength Cond Res 1997; 11 (1): 57–64
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Chromiak J, Mulvaney D. A review: the effects of combined strength and endurance training on strength development. J Appl Sport Sci Res 1990; 4 (2): 55–60 Chromiak J, Mulvaney D. A review: the effects of combined strength and endurance training on strength development. J Appl Sport Sci Res 1990; 4 (2): 55–60
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer W, Patton J, Gordon S, et al. Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptations. J Appl Physiol 1995; 78 (3): 976–89PubMed Kraemer W, Patton J, Gordon S, et al. Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptations. J Appl Physiol 1995; 78 (3): 976–89PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Leveritt M, Abernethy P, Barry B, et al. Concurrent strength and endurance training: a review. Sports Med 1999; 28 (6): 413–27PubMedCrossRef Leveritt M, Abernethy P, Barry B, et al. Concurrent strength and endurance training: a review. Sports Med 1999; 28 (6): 413–27PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer W, Nindl B. Factors involved with overtraining for strength and power. In: Kreider R, Fry A, O’Toole M, editors. Overtraining in sport. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1998: 69–86 Kraemer W, Nindl B. Factors involved with overtraining for strength and power. In: Kreider R, Fry A, O’Toole M, editors. Overtraining in sport. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1998: 69–86
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Hickson R. Interference of strength development by simultaneously training for strength and endurance. Eur J Appl Physiol 1980; 45: 255–63CrossRef Hickson R. Interference of strength development by simultaneously training for strength and endurance. Eur J Appl Physiol 1980; 45: 255–63CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson A, Arnall D, Loy S, et al. Consequences of combining strength and endurance training regimens. Phys Ther 1990; 70 (5): 287–94PubMed Nelson A, Arnall D, Loy S, et al. Consequences of combining strength and endurance training regimens. Phys Ther 1990; 70 (5): 287–94PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Hennessey L, Watson A. The interference effects of training for strength and endurance simultaneously. J Strength Cond Res 1994; 8 (1): 12–9 Hennessey L, Watson A. The interference effects of training for strength and endurance simultaneously. J Strength Cond Res 1994; 8 (1): 12–9
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter G, Demment R, Miller D. Development of strength and maximum oxygen uptake during simultaneous training for strength and endurance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1987; 27 (3): 269–75PubMed Hunter G, Demment R, Miller D. Development of strength and maximum oxygen uptake during simultaneous training for strength and endurance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1987; 27 (3): 269–75PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat McCarthy J, Agre J, Graf B, et al. Compatibility of adaptive responses with combining strength and endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27 (3): 429–36PubMed McCarthy J, Agre J, Graf B, et al. Compatibility of adaptive responses with combining strength and endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27 (3): 429–36PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Abernethy P, Quigley B. Concurrent strength and endurance training of the elbow flexors. J Strength Cond Res 1993; 7 (4): 234–40 Abernethy P, Quigley B. Concurrent strength and endurance training of the elbow flexors. J Strength Cond Res 1993; 7 (4): 234–40
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Dudley G, Djamil R. Incompatibility of endurance and strength training modes of exercise. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59 (4): 1446–51PubMed Dudley G, Djamil R. Incompatibility of endurance and strength training modes of exercise. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59 (4): 1446–51PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Sale D, MacDougall J, Jacobs I, et al. Interaction between concurrent strength and endurance training. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68 (1): 260–70PubMed Sale D, MacDougall J, Jacobs I, et al. Interaction between concurrent strength and endurance training. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68 (1): 260–70PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell G, Pedersen SR, Wessel J, et al. Physiological adaptations to concurrent endurance training and low velocity resistance training. Int J Sports Med 1991; 12 (4): 384–90PubMedCrossRef Bell G, Pedersen SR, Wessel J, et al. Physiological adaptations to concurrent endurance training and low velocity resistance training. Int J Sports Med 1991; 12 (4): 384–90PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sale D. Neural adaptation to strength training. In: Komi P, editor. Strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992: 249–65 Sale D. Neural adaptation to strength training. In: Komi P, editor. Strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992: 249–65
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleck S, Kraemer W. Designing resistance training programs. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1997 Fleck S, Kraemer W. Designing resistance training programs. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1997
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Thoden J. Testing aerobic power. In: MacDougall J, Wenger H, Green H, editors. Physiological testing of the high-performance athlete. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1991: 107–73 Thoden J. Testing aerobic power. In: MacDougall J, Wenger H, Green H, editors. Physiological testing of the high-performance athlete. 2nd ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1991: 107–73
19.
Zurück zum Zitat MacDougall D, Sale D. Continuous vs interval training: a review for the athlete and the coach. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1981; 6 (2): 93–7PubMed MacDougall D, Sale D. Continuous vs interval training: a review for the athlete and the coach. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1981; 6 (2): 93–7PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton J. V̇O2max: new concepts on an old theme. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24 (1): 26–9PubMed Sutton J. V̇O2max: new concepts on an old theme. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24 (1): 26–9PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Holloszy J, Coyle E. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. J Appl Physiol 1984; 56 (4): 831–8PubMed Holloszy J, Coyle E. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. J Appl Physiol 1984; 56 (4): 831–8PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Brodal P, Ingjer F, Hermansen L. Capillary supply of skeletal muscle fibers in untrained and endurance-trained men. Am J Physiol 1977; 232 (6): H705–12PubMed Brodal P, Ingjer F, Hermansen L. Capillary supply of skeletal muscle fibers in untrained and endurance-trained men. Am J Physiol 1977; 232 (6): H705–12PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoppeler H, Howald H, Conely K, et al. Endurance training in humans: aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59 (2): 320–7PubMed Hoppeler H, Howald H, Conely K, et al. Endurance training in humans: aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59 (2): 320–7PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffman R. Effects of training at the ventilatory threshold and performance in trained distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 1999; 13 (2): 118–23 Hoffman R. Effects of training at the ventilatory threshold and performance in trained distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 1999; 13 (2): 118–23
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Fox E, Bartels R, Billings C, et al. Frequency and duration of interval training programs and changes in aerobic power. J Appl Physiol 1975; 38 (3): 481–94PubMed Fox E, Bartels R, Billings C, et al. Frequency and duration of interval training programs and changes in aerobic power. J Appl Physiol 1975; 38 (3): 481–94PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Eddy D, Sparks K, Adelizi D. The effects of continuous and interval training in women and men. Eur J Appl Physiol 1977; 37: 83–92CrossRef Eddy D, Sparks K, Adelizi D. The effects of continuous and interval training in women and men. Eur J Appl Physiol 1977; 37: 83–92CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Wenger H, Bell G. The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness. Sports Med 1986; 3: 346–56PubMedCrossRef Wenger H, Bell G. The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness. Sports Med 1986; 3: 346–56PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig B, Lucas J, Pohlman R, et al. The effects of running, weightlifting and a combination of both on growth hormone release. J Appl Sport Sci Res 1991; 5 (4): 198–203 Craig B, Lucas J, Pohlman R, et al. The effects of running, weightlifting and a combination of both on growth hormone release. J Appl Sport Sci Res 1991; 5 (4): 198–203
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Cunningham D, McCrimmon D, Vlach L. Cardiovascular response to interval and continuous training in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 1979; 41: 187–97CrossRef Cunningham D, McCrimmon D, Vlach L. Cardiovascular response to interval and continuous training in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 1979; 41: 187–97CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K. Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986 Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K. Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Terrados N. Altitude training and muscle metabolism. Int J Sports Med 1992; 13 (Suppl. 1): S206–9PubMedCrossRef Terrados N. Altitude training and muscle metabolism. Int J Sports Med 1992; 13 (Suppl. 1): S206–9PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhambhani Y, Buckley S, Susaki T. Detection of ventilatory threshold using near infrared spectroscopy in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29 (3): 402–9PubMedCrossRef Bhambhani Y, Buckley S, Susaki T. Detection of ventilatory threshold using near infrared spectroscopy in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29 (3): 402–9PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Belardinelli R, Varstow TJ, Porszasz J, et al. Changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise measured with near infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 70: 487–92CrossRef Belardinelli R, Varstow TJ, Porszasz J, et al. Changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise measured with near infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 70: 487–92CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhambhani Y, Buckley S, Susaki T. Muscle oxygenation trends during constant work rate cycle exercise in men and women. Med Sci Sport Exerc 1999; 31 (1): 90–8CrossRef Bhambhani Y, Buckley S, Susaki T. Muscle oxygenation trends during constant work rate cycle exercise in men and women. Med Sci Sport Exerc 1999; 31 (1): 90–8CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dudley G, Abraham W, Terjung R. Influence of exercise intensity and duration on biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1982; 53 (4): 844–50PubMed Dudley G, Abraham W, Terjung R. Influence of exercise intensity and duration on biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1982; 53 (4): 844–50PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lehninger A, Nelson D, Cox M. Principles of biochemistry. 2nd ed. New York: Worth, 1982 Lehninger A, Nelson D, Cox M. Principles of biochemistry. 2nd ed. New York: Worth, 1982
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldspink G. Cellular and molecular aspects of adaptation in skeletal muscle. In: Komi P, editor. Strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992: 249–65 Goldspink G. Cellular and molecular aspects of adaptation in skeletal muscle. In: Komi P, editor. Strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992: 249–65
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson G. Disinhibition of the neural system: uses in programming, training, and competition. Strength Cond Coach 1995; 3 (3): 3–5 Wilson G. Disinhibition of the neural system: uses in programming, training, and competition. Strength Cond Coach 1995; 3 (3): 3–5
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Houston M. Gaining weight: the scientific basis of increasing skeletal muscle mass. Can J Appl Physiol 1999; 24 (4): 305–16CrossRef Houston M. Gaining weight: the scientific basis of increasing skeletal muscle mass. Can J Appl Physiol 1999; 24 (4): 305–16CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Schott J, McCully K, Rutherford O. The role of metabolites in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 71: 337–41CrossRef Schott J, McCully K, Rutherford O. The role of metabolites in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 71: 337–41CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies J, Parker P, Rutherford O, et al. Changes in strength and CSA of the elbow flexors as a result of isometric strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 57: 667–70CrossRef Davies J, Parker P, Rutherford O, et al. Changes in strength and CSA of the elbow flexors as a result of isometric strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 57: 667–70CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Narici M, Keyser B. Hypertrophic response of human skeletal muscle to strength training in hypoxia and normoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 70: 213–9CrossRef Narici M, Keyser B. Hypertrophic response of human skeletal muscle to strength training in hypoxia and normoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 70: 213–9CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Narici M, Roi G, Landoni L, et al. Changes in force, cross-sectional area and neural activation during strength training and detraining of the human quadriceps. Eur J Appl Physiol 1989; 59: 310–9CrossRef Narici M, Roi G, Landoni L, et al. Changes in force, cross-sectional area and neural activation during strength training and detraining of the human quadriceps. Eur J Appl Physiol 1989; 59: 310–9CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat McCall G, Byrnes W, Dickinson A, et al. Muscle fiber hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and capillary density in college men after resistance training. J Appl Physiol 1996; 81 (5): 2004–12PubMed McCall G, Byrnes W, Dickinson A, et al. Muscle fiber hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and capillary density in college men after resistance training. J Appl Physiol 1996; 81 (5): 2004–12PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Kawakami Y, Abe T, Kune S, et al. Training-induced changes inmuscle architecture and specific tension. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 72: 37–43CrossRef Kawakami Y, Abe T, Kune S, et al. Training-induced changes inmuscle architecture and specific tension. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 72: 37–43CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Jackson C, Dickenson A, Rinel S. Skeletal muscle fiber area alterations in two opposing modes resistance exercise training in the same individual. Eur J Appl Physiol 1990; 61: 37–41CrossRef Jackson C, Dickenson A, Rinel S. Skeletal muscle fiber area alterations in two opposing modes resistance exercise training in the same individual. Eur J Appl Physiol 1990; 61: 37–41CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Sale D, MacDougall J. Specificity in strength training: a review for coaches. Can J Appl Sports Sci 1991; 6 (2): 87–92 Sale D, MacDougall J. Specificity in strength training: a review for coaches. Can J Appl Sports Sci 1991; 6 (2): 87–92
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnett M. A review of concurrent strength and endurance training. Sports Sci Periodical Res Technol Sport 1993; 13 (2): 1–6 Arnett M. A review of concurrent strength and endurance training. Sports Sci Periodical Res Technol Sport 1993; 13 (2): 1–6
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Poliquin C. Training for improving relative strength. Sci Period Res Technol Sport (SPORTS) 1991; 11 (7): 1–9 Poliquin C. Training for improving relative strength. Sci Period Res Technol Sport (SPORTS) 1991; 11 (7): 1–9
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidtbleicher D. Strength training. Part 1: classification of methods. Sci Period Res Technol Sport (SPORTS) 1985 Aug: 1–12 Schmidtbleicher D. Strength training. Part 1: classification of methods. Sci Period Res Technol Sport (SPORTS) 1985 Aug: 1–12
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Baker D, Wilson G, Carolyn R. Periodization: the effect on strength of manipulating volume and intensity. J Strength Cond Res 1994; 8 (4): 235–42 Baker D, Wilson G, Carolyn R. Periodization: the effect on strength of manipulating volume and intensity. J Strength Cond Res 1994; 8 (4): 235–42
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer W, Marchitelli J, Gordon L, et al. Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69: 1442–50PubMed Kraemer W, Marchitelli J, Gordon L, et al. Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69: 1442–50PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidtbleicher D, Buerle M. Neuronal adaptations and increases of cross-sectional area studying different strength training methods. Biomechanics 1987; 6B: 615–20 Schmidtbleicher D, Buerle M. Neuronal adaptations and increases of cross-sectional area studying different strength training methods. Biomechanics 1987; 6B: 615–20
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer W, Fleck S, Evans W. Strength and power training: physiological mechanisms of adaptation. In: Holloszy J, editor. Exercise and sports science reviews. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkens, 1996: 363–93 Kraemer W, Fleck S, Evans W. Strength and power training: physiological mechanisms of adaptation. In: Holloszy J, editor. Exercise and sports science reviews. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkens, 1996: 363–93
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Hakkinen K, Komi P, Alen M, et al. EMG, muscle fiber and force production characteristics during a 1 year period in elite weight-lifters. Eur J Appl Physiol 1987; 556: 419–27CrossRef Hakkinen K, Komi P, Alen M, et al. EMG, muscle fiber and force production characteristics during a 1 year period in elite weight-lifters. Eur J Appl Physiol 1987; 556: 419–27CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Gravelle B, Blessing D. Physiological adaptation in women concurrently training for strength and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 2000; 14 (1): 5–13 Gravelle B, Blessing D. Physiological adaptation in women concurrently training for strength and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 2000; 14 (1): 5–13
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell G, Syrotuik D, Martin T, et al. Effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle properties and hormone concentrations in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 81 (5): 418–27PubMedCrossRef Bell G, Syrotuik D, Martin T, et al. Effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle properties and hormone concentrations in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 81 (5): 418–27PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A Proposed Model for Examining the Interference Phenomenon between Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training
verfasst von
David Docherty
Ben Sporer
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2000
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 6/2000
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030060-00001

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.