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01.09.2008 | Current Opinion

Application of Glatiramer Acetate to Neurodegenerative Diseases beyond Multiple Sclerosis

The Need for Disease-Specific Approaches

verfasst von: Michal Schwartz, Shay Bukshpan, Gilad Kurds

Erschienen in: BioDrugs | Ausgabe 5/2008

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Abstract

Adaptive and innate immunity, if well controlled, contribute to the maintenance of the CNS, as well as to downregulation of adverse acute and chronic neurological conditions. T cells that recognize CNS antigens are needed to activate resident immune cells and to recruit blood-borne monocytes, which act to restore homeostasis and facilitate repair. However, boosting such a T-cell response in a risk-free way requires a careful choice of the antigen, carrier, and regimen. A single vaccination with CNS-derived peptides or their weak agonists reduces neuronal loss in animal models of acute neurodegeneration. Repeated injections are needed to maintain a long-lasting effect in chronic neurodegenerative conditions, yet the frequency of the injections seems to have a critical effect on the outcome.

An example is glatiramer acetate, a compound that is administered in a daily regimen to patients with multiple sclerosis. A single injection of glatiramer acetate, with or without an adjuvant, is neuroprotective in some animal models of acute CNS injuries. However, in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a single injection of adjuvant-free glatiramer acetate is insufficient, while daily injections are not only ineffective but can carry an increased risk of mortality in female mice.

Thus, considering immune-based therapies as a single therapy, rather than as a family of therapies that are regimen dependent, may be misleading. Moreover, the vaccination regimen and administration of a compound, even one shown to be safe in humans for the treatment of a particular neurodegenerative disease, must be studied in preclinical experiments before it is tested in a clinical trial for a novel indication; otherwise, an effective drug in a certain regimen for one disease may be ineffective or even carry risks when used for another disorder.

The use of trade names is for product identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement.

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Titel: Application of Glatiramer Acetate to Neurodegenerative Diseases beyond Multiple Sclerosis
The Need for Disease-Specific Approaches
verfasst von: Michal Schwartz
Shay Bukshpan
Gilad Kurds
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2008
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: BioDrugs / Ausgabe 5/2008
Print ISSN: 1173-8804
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-190X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00063030-200822050-00002

Springer Medizin

Abstract

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