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Sports Medicine

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01.06.2012 | Leading Article

Genetic Inheritance Effects on Endurance and Muscle Strength

An Update

verfasst von: Aldo M. Costa, Luiza Breitenfeld, António J. Silva, Ana Pereira, Dr Mikel Izquierdo, Mário C. Marques

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 6/2012

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Abstract

Top-level sport seems to play a natural Darwinian stage. The most outstanding athletes appear to emerge as a result of exogenous influences of nature and/or coincidence, namely, the contingency of practicing certain sport for which their talents best fit. This coincidence arises because certain individuals possess anatomical, metabolic, functional and behavioural characteristics that are precisely those required to excel in a given sport. Apart from the effects of training, there is strong evidence of genetic influence upon athletic performance. This article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding heritable genetic effects upon endurance and muscle strength, as reported by several twin and family studies. Due, probably, to the inaccuracy of the measurement procedures and sampling error, heritability estimates differ widely between studies. Even so, the genetic inheritence effects seem incontrovertible in most physical traits: ~40–70% for peak oxygen uptake and cardiac mass and structure, and ~30–90% for anaerobic power and capacity, ranging according to the metabolic category. Studies in development by several researchers at this present time seem to guarantee that future reviews will include twins and family studies concerning genes associated with the adaptive processes against hormetic agents, such as exercise, heat and oxidative stress.

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Titel: Genetic Inheritance Effects on Endurance and Muscle Strength
An Update
verfasst von: Aldo M. Costa
Luiza Breitenfeld
António J. Silva
Ana Pereira
Dr Mikel Izquierdo
Mário C. Marques
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2012
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11650560-000000000-00000

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