Background
Methods
Summary of study population, case ascertainment follow-up and standard definitions
Neuroradiological findings, risk factors, risk stratification scores and stroke severity
Antithrombotic treatment
Statistical analyses
Results
Variable (N*) | Death within 500 days | Survival at 500 days | p-value univariate | p-value multivariate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||||
Gender (479*/479) | p=0.31 | ||||
Male | 197 (41.1%) | 55 (27.9%) | 142 (72.1%) | ||
Female | 282 (58.9%) | 92 (32.6%) | 190(67.4%) | ||
Age (years) (479*/479) |
p<0.0001
|
p=0.001
| |||
20-65 | 44 (9.2%) | 3 (6.8%) | 41 (93.2%) | ||
66-75 | 105 (21.9%) | 18 (17.1%) | 87 (82.9%) | ||
76-85 | 204 (42.6%) | 56 (27.5%) | 148 (72.6%) | ||
>85 | 126 (26.3%) | 70 (55.6%) | 56 (44.4%) | ||
Diagnosis (479*/479) |
p=0.0001
| p=0.95 | |||
Ischemic stroke | 394 (82.3%) | 135 (34.3%) | 259 (65.7%) | ||
TIA | 85 (17.7%) | 12 (14.1%) | 73 (85.9%) | ||
Neuroradiological Findings (476*/479) | |||||
Territorial infarction (recent) | 256 (53.8%) | 99 (38.7%) | 157 (61.3%) |
p<0.0001
|
p=0.055
|
Territorial infarction (old) | 45 (9.5%) | 15 (33.3%) | 30 (66.7%) | p=0.61 | |
Hemorrhagic transformation | 26 (5.5%) | 14 (53.8%) | 12 (46.2%) |
p=0.01
| p=0.46 |
Hemorrhagic infarction | 15 (57.7%) | 7 (46.7%) | 8 (53.3%) | ||
Parenchymal haematoma | 8 (30.8%) | 6 (75%) | 2 (25%) | ||
Subarachnoidal hemmorh. | 3 (11.5%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | ||
Stroke severity
| |||||
NIHSS at admission (461*/479) |
p<0.0001
| p=0.8 | |||
0-3 | 227 (49.2%) | 38 (16.7%) | 189 (83.3%) | ||
4-8 | 117 (25.4%) | 39 (33.3%) | 78 (66.7%) | ||
>9 | 117 (25.4%) | 62 (53%) | 55 (47%) | ||
mRS at discharge (470*/479) |
p<0.0001
|
p=0.0007
| |||
0-1 | 197 (41.9%) | 23 (11.7%) | 174 (88.3%) | ||
2-3 | 123 (26.2%) | 38 (30.9%) | 85 (69.1%) | ||
>4 | 150 (31.9%) | 85 (56.7%) | 65 (43.3%) | ||
Risk stratification score
| |||||
CHA
2
DS
2
-Vasc-Score (452*/479) |
p=0.0003
| ||||
2-4 | 30 (6.6%) | 2 (6.7%) | 28 (93.3%) | ||
5 | 93 (20.6%) | 23 (24.7) | 70 (75.3%) | ||
6 | 159 (35.2%) | 42 (26.4%) | 117 (73.6%) | ||
7 | 95 (21%) | 31 (32.6%) | 64 (67.4%) | ||
8-9 | 75 (16.6%) | 35 (46.7%) | 40 (53.3%) | ||
HASBLED-Score (458*/479) |
p<0.0001
| ||||
0-2 | 115 (25.1%) | 18 (15.7%) | 97 (84.8%) | ||
3 | 301 (65.7%) | 100 (33.2%) | 201 (66.8%) | ||
4 | 39 (8.5%) | 18 (46.2%) | 21 (53.6%) | ||
5 | 3 (0.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) |
Variable (N*) | Death within 500 days | Survival of 500 days | p-value univariate | p-value multivariate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||||
Risk factors
| |||||
CAD (465*/479) | 144 (31%) | 54 (37.5%) | 90 (62.5%) |
p=0.02
|
p=0.01
|
MI (475*/479) | 84 (17.7%) | 33 (39.3%) | 51 (60.7%) | p=0.07 | |
Heart failure (452*/479) | 169 (37.4%) | 62 (36.7%) | 107 (63.3%) |
p=0.01
| p=0.94 |
PAD (461*/479) | 48 (10.4%) | 23 (47.9%) | 25 (52.1%) |
p=0.004
| p=0.13 |
Hypertension (479*/479) | 446 (93.1%) | 136 (30.5%) | 310 (69.5%) | p=0.70 | |
Diabetes (478*/479) | 157 (32.8%) | 43 (27.4%) | 114 (72.6%) | p=0.34 | |
Hypercholesterolemia (470*/479) | 285 (60.6%) | 79 (27.7%) | 206 (72.3%) | p=0.26 | |
Smoking (400*/479) | p=0.24 | ||||
Nonsmoker | 206 (51.5%) | 69 (33.5%) | 137 (66.5%) | ||
Smoker | 42 (10.5%) | 11 (26.2%) | 31 (73.8%) | ||
Former smoker | 152 (38%) | 39 (25.7%) | 113 (74.3%) | ||
GFR (461*/479) |
p<0.0001
| p=0.09 | |||
0-<30 | 16 (3.5%) | 8 (50%) | 8 (50%) | ||
30-<60 | 160 (34.7%) | 66 (41.3%) | 94 (58.7%) | ||
60 | 285 (61.8%) | 65 (22.8%) | 220 (77.2%) | ||
Treatment (479*/479) | |||||
Intraveneous thrombolysis
| p=0.62 | ||||
Yes
| 47 (9.8%) | 16 (34%) | 31 (66%) | ||
No
| 432 (90.2) | 131 (30.3) | 301 (69.7) | ||
Antithrombotic treatment (479*/479) | |||||
OAK prior to stroke | 116 (24.2%) | 20 (17.2%) | 96 (82.8%) |
p=0.0003
| p=0.91 |
INR <2 | 65 (58%) | 15 (23.1%) | 50 (76.9%) | ||
INR ≥2 | 44 (39.3%) | 4 (9.1%) | 40 (90.9%) | ||
INR unknown | 7 (6%) | 1 (14.3%) | 6 (85.7%) | ||
Antiplatelets prior to stroke (479*/479) |
p<0.0001
| ||||
No antiplatelet | 298 (62.2%) | 69 (23.2%) | 229 (76.8%) | ||
Antiplatelet | 181(37.8%) | 78 (43.1%) | 103 (56.9%) | ||
OAC management post stroke (479*/479) |
p<0.0001
|
p<0.0001
| |||
No VKA | 200 (41.8%) | 127 (63.5%) | 73 (37.5%) | ||
OAC neither given, nor recommended | 158 (79%) | 109 (69%) | 49 (31%) | ||
OAC recommended, but not given | 42 (21%) | 18 (42.9%) | 24 (57.1%) | ||
VKA started in hospital | 181 (37.8%) | 16 (8.8%) | 165 (91.2%) | ||
VKA started post discharge | 71 (14.8%) | 2 (2.8%) | 69 (97.2%) | ||
Unknown | 27 (5.6%) | 2 (7.4%) | 25 (93.6%) | ||
Recurrent cerebral event (500days)
| 43/479 (9%) | 21 (48.8%) | 22 (51.2%) |
p=0.009
| p=0.27 |
IS | 33 (76.7%) | 19 (57.6%) | 14 (42.4%) | ||
TIA | 6 (14%) | 0 | 6 | ||
ICH | 4 (9.3%) | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) |
Variable
| HR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|
Model A n = 397 (90.4%)
| ||
Age (per year) | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) |
p = 0.001
|
CAD (Yes vs. No) | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) |
p = 0.01
|
mRS at discharge (per year) | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) |
p = 0.0007
|
OAK management post stroke (VKA in hospital as reference) | ||
No VKA
| 5.4 (2.8-10.5) |
p < 0.0001
|
VKA (started post discharge)
| 0.3 (0.07-1.4) |
p = 0.1
|