Background
Materials and methods
Study design
Blood sampling
Sampling of nasal lavage fluid
Estimating kinin levels in nasal epithelial lining fluid
Mass spectrometric kinin quantification
Data analysis
Results
Study population
Demographics | Volunteers | ||
---|---|---|---|
All (n = 28) | Male (n = 17) | Female (n = 11) | |
Age [years] | 26.5 [25–28] | 27 [25–30] | 26 [24–27] |
Caucasians (n (%)) | 28 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | 11 (100.0) |
Medication (n (%)) | 7 (25.0) | 2 (11.8) - insulin – 1 (5.9) - metoprolol – 1 (5.9) | 4 (36.4) - hormonal contraception – 4 (36.4) |
Reported allergies (n (%)) (all inactive) | 10 (35.7) | 8 (47.1) - dust mite – 3 (17.6) - pollen – 4 (23.5) - insect sting – 1 (5.9) - nuts – 1 (5.9) | 2 (18.2) - pollen – 1 (9.1) - penicillin – 1 (9.1) |
Endogenous kinin levels in plasma
Monitoring of kinin profiles applying inappropriate sampling conditions in plasma
Kinins in nasal lavage fluid of healthy volunteers
Nasal lavage | Volunteers | ||
---|---|---|---|
All (n = 28) | Male (n = 17) | Female (n = 11) | |
Recovered volume [%] | 73.1 ± 11.5 | 73.8 ± 13.0 | 72.0 ± 9.6 |
Plasma urea [mg/dL] | 12.3 ± 3.5 | 13.8 ± 3.3 | 10.1 ± 2.6 |
NLF urea [mg/dL] | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.7 |
Dilution factor | 12.3 [10.0–19.0] | 12.0 [10.4–16.9] | 17.0 [10.0–21.6] |
Volume NELF sampled [µL] | 883.6 [555.6–1,112.0] | 910.4 [628.5–1,061.7] | 623.5 [484.8–1,112.0] |