What are Modic changes and why are they important?
MR unit: Identify the MRI instrument and magnetic field strength, plus any surface coils or specialized tables used to collect and amplify signal. Include model number and manufacturer. For longitudinal or multi-center studies, use scanners with the same field strength |
Sequences: Specify the T1- and T2-weighted sequence parameters, including the type of spin echo (i.e., fast vs. conventional), repetition time/echo time, field of view, matrix size, slice thickness/spacing, number of echoes, and the type of fat suppression that was applied (T2 only). If fat suppression was used, the Modic classification for type 2 changes should be defined as having hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images and hypointense on fat-saturated T2-weighted images. If additional sequences, e.g., STIR/Dixon, will be used for classifying Modic changes, these sequences should be reported in addition to the T1- and T2-weighted sequences |
Image evaluation: Describe which image slices were rated and which levels were evaluated |
Rater agreement: Report the inter-rater and intra-rater kappa statistics for categorical Modic classification. Also, report the inter-rater and intra-rater intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) if using quantitative measurements, e.g., lesion size, cerebrospinal fluid-normalized intensity, etc. |
Identifying Modic changes: the high cost of misclassification
Author | Year | Levels | Age (years) | Field strength | Specificity (%) | Sensitivity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Braithwaite [17] | 1998 | 290 | 42 | 0.5T, 1.5T | 97 | 23 |
Ito [18] | 1998 | 101 | 37 | 1.5T | 95 | 22 |
Kokkonen [22] | 2002 | 103 | 40 |
NR
| 64 | 41 |
O’Neill [19] | 2008 | 460 | 43 |
NR
| 98 | 14 |
Thompson [20] | 2009 | 2457 | 43 |
NR
| 95 | 26 |
Weishaupt [21] | 2001 | 116 | 42 | 1.0T | 96 | 48 |
Author | Year | Subjects | Field strength | κ, inter-rater | κ, intra-rater | Raters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jones [25] | 2005 | 50 |
NR
| 0.85 | 0.71-1.00 | 5 |
Chung [26] | 2004 | 59 | 0.5T–1.5T | 0.83 |
NR
| 2 |
Karchevsky [12] | 2005 | 100 | 1.5T | 0.81 |
NR
| 3 |
Kuisma [9] | 2006 | 60 | 1.5T | 0.64 | 0.90 | 2 |
Peterson [27] | 2007 | 51 | 0.6T | 0.81 | 0.70-0.86 | 2 |
Wang [28] | 2011 | 83 | 1.5T | 0.79 | 0.88 | 2 |