Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Journal of Epidemiology 4/2009

01.04.2009 | Commentary

Medical demography and epidemiology: dizygotic twins

verfasst von: Luc Gustaaf Antoon Bonneux

Erschienen in: European Journal of Epidemiology | Ausgabe 4/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Demography is the statistical study of populations, epidemiology of health of populations. Fascinating challenges for future research, shared by epidemiology and demography, are to be found in the human life course, how the life course is transmitted over generations, how the healthy life is shaped by dynamics within the life course and how the life course is affected by the social and economic environment. The life course begins when two future parents meet. Then social disadvantage or privilege is beginning and diverse rates of ageing are being fixed. Health in utero and at young age will co-determine health at middle and old age, among others mediated by a greater intelligence and a better education. Particularly better education compresses cognitive disability at the end of life, building cognitive reserves that increase brain plasticity and enhance resistance to damage. While with extended life spans may come extended life spans with disability, the twin demography and epidemiology may show how to lighten the burden of senescence at the end of life.
Literatur
1.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Gravseth HM, Bjerkedal T, Irgens LM, Aalen OO, Selmer R, Kristensen P. Life course determinants for early disability pension: a follow-up of Norwegian men and women born 1967–1976. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(8):533–43. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9139-9.PubMedCrossRef Gravseth HM, Bjerkedal T, Irgens LM, Aalen OO, Selmer R, Kristensen P. Life course determinants for early disability pension: a follow-up of Norwegian men and women born 1967–1976. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(8):533–43. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-007-9139-9.PubMedCrossRef
6.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Li X, Sundquist S, Johansson SE. Effects of neighbourhood and individual factors on injury risk in the entire Swedish population: a 12-month multilevel follow-up study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(3):191–203. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9219-x.PubMedCrossRef Li X, Sundquist S, Johansson SE. Effects of neighbourhood and individual factors on injury risk in the entire Swedish population: a 12-month multilevel follow-up study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(3):191–203. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-007-9219-x.PubMedCrossRef
8.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunner E, Marmot M. Social organization, stress, and health. In: Marmot W, Wilkinson RG, editors. Social determinants of health. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford; 1999. p. 17–43. Brunner E, Marmot M. Social organization, stress, and health. In: Marmot W, Wilkinson RG, editors. Social determinants of health. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford; 1999. p. 17–43.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Heraclides A, Witte D, Brunner EJ. The association between father’s social class and adult obesity is not explained by educational attainment and an unhealthy lifestyle in adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(8):573–9. doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9245-3.PubMedCrossRef Heraclides A, Witte D, Brunner EJ. The association between father’s social class and adult obesity is not explained by educational attainment and an unhealthy lifestyle in adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(8):573–9. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-008-9245-3.PubMedCrossRef
14.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Koupil I, Shestov DB, Sparen P, Plavinskaja S, Parfenova N, Vagero D. Blood pressure, hypertension and mortality from circulatory disease in men and women who survived the siege of Leningrad. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(4):223–34. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9113-6.PubMedCrossRef Koupil I, Shestov DB, Sparen P, Plavinskaja S, Parfenova N, Vagero D. Blood pressure, hypertension and mortality from circulatory disease in men and women who survived the siege of Leningrad. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(4):223–34. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-007-9113-6.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein AD, Zybert PA, van der Pal-de Bruin K, Lumey LH. Exposure to famine during gestation, size at birth, and blood pressure at age 59 y: evidence from the Dutch Famine. Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(10):759–65. doi:10.1007/s10654-006-9065-2.PubMedCrossRef Stein AD, Zybert PA, van der Pal-de Bruin K, Lumey LH. Exposure to famine during gestation, size at birth, and blood pressure at age 59 y: evidence from the Dutch Famine. Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(10):759–65. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-006-9065-2.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaddoe VW, van Duijn CM, van der Heijden AJ, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Steegers EA, et al. The generation R study: design and cohort update until the age of 4 years. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(12):801–11. doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9309-4.PubMedCrossRef Jaddoe VW, van Duijn CM, van der Heijden AJ, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Steegers EA, et al. The generation R study: design and cohort update until the age of 4 years. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(12):801–11. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-008-9309-4.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Osler M, Lund R, Kriegbaum M, Andersen AM. The influence of birth weight and body mass in early adulthood on early coronary heart disease risk among Danish men born in 1953. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(1):57–61. doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9301-z.PubMedCrossRef Osler M, Lund R, Kriegbaum M, Andersen AM. The influence of birth weight and body mass in early adulthood on early coronary heart disease risk among Danish men born in 1953. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(1):57–61. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-008-9301-z.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawlor DA, Cooper AR, Bain C, Davey Smith G, Irwin A, Riddoch C, et al. Associations of birth size and duration of breast feeding with cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood: findings from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC). Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(6):411–22. doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9259-x.PubMedCrossRef Lawlor DA, Cooper AR, Bain C, Davey Smith G, Irwin A, Riddoch C, et al. Associations of birth size and duration of breast feeding with cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood: findings from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC). Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(6):411–22. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-008-9259-x.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawlor DA, Batty GD, Clark H, McIntyre S, Leon DA. Association of childhood intelligence with risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(10):695–706. doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9281-z.PubMedCrossRef Lawlor DA, Batty GD, Clark H, McIntyre S, Leon DA. Association of childhood intelligence with risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(10):695–706. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-008-9281-z.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Fratiglioni L, Wang HX. Brain reserve hypothesis in dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2007;12(1):11–22.PubMed Fratiglioni L, Wang HX. Brain reserve hypothesis in dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2007;12(1):11–22.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mamun AA, Peeters A, Barendregt J, Willekens F, Nusselder W, Bonneux L. Smoking decreases the duration of life lived with and without cardiovascular disease: a life course analysis of the Framingham Heart Study. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(5):409–15. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2003.12.015.PubMedCrossRef Mamun AA, Peeters A, Barendregt J, Willekens F, Nusselder W, Bonneux L. Smoking decreases the duration of life lived with and without cardiovascular disease: a life course analysis of the Framingham Heart Study. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(5):409–15. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ehj.​2003.​12.​015.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Reuser M, Bonneux LG, Willekens FJ. Smoking kills, obesity disables: a multistate approach of the US health and retirement survey. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.640. Reuser M, Bonneux LG, Willekens FJ. Smoking kills, obesity disables: a multistate approach of the US health and retirement survey. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009. doi:10.​1038/​oby.​2008.​640.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Stolk RP, Rosmalen JG, Postma DS, de Boer RA, Navis G, Slaets JP, et al. Universal risk factors for multifactorial diseases: LifeLines: a three-generation population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(1):67–74. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9204-4.PubMedCrossRef Stolk RP, Rosmalen JG, Postma DS, de Boer RA, Navis G, Slaets JP, et al. Universal risk factors for multifactorial diseases: LifeLines: a three-generation population-based study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(1):67–74. doi:10.​1007/​s10654-007-9204-4.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Medical demography and epidemiology: dizygotic twins
verfasst von
Luc Gustaaf Antoon Bonneux
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2009
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
European Journal of Epidemiology / Ausgabe 4/2009
Print ISSN: 0393-2990
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7284
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-009-9324-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2009

European Journal of Epidemiology 4/2009 Zur Ausgabe