nach oben

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health

Erschienen in:

19.11.2016 | Original Paper

Mental Health Status of Double Minority Adolescents: Findings from National Cross-Sectional Health Surveys

verfasst von: Szu-Ying Chiang, Theresa Fleming, Mathijs Lucassen, John Fenaughty, Terryann Clark, Simon Denny

Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Little population-based work has been published about the mental health of adolescents with both sexual/gender (SG) and ethnic minority (i.e. double minority) status. This study aimed to provide an overview on their mental health. Analysis of data from a total of 17,607 high school students from New Zealand’s 2007 and 2012 cross-sectional nationally representative Adolescent Health Surveys, including a total of 1306 (7.4%) SG minority participants, of whom 581 (3.3%) were also an ethnic minority. SG minority status, minority ethnicity, and female sex were associated with higher mental distress and poorer well-being. Generally speaking, double minority students reported poorer mental health than SG majority students of the same ethnicity, but reported better mental health than SG minority New Zealand European students. Explanations and future directions for research were suggested to further explore how double minority students negotiate mental health in the context of their communities/cultures in New Zealand.

Although the term double minority can refer to anyone with dual-minority status, this concept has gradually evolved to describe people who are an ethnic and sexual/gender minority.

Intersectionality addresses an integrated understanding of how multiple social constructs interact.

Micro-aggression is described as a variety of minor verbal/ non-verbal treatments to ethnic minority persons delivered by well-intentioned White persons unware of its hidden discriminatory messages.

McGorry PD, Purcell R, Hickie IB, Jorm AF. Investing in youth mental health is a best buy. Med J Aust. 2007;187(7):S5–S7.

Burns MN, Ryan DT, Garofalo R, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B. Mental health disorders in young urban sexual minority men. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(1):52–58CrossRefPubMed

Patel V, Flisher AJ, Hetrick S, McGorry P. Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. The Lancet. 2007;369(9569):1302–1313CrossRef

Denny S, Lucassen MF, Stuart J, Fleming T, Bullen P, Peiris-John R, et al. The association between supportive high school environments and depressive symptoms and suicidality among sexual minority students. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2016;45(3):248–61315.CrossRefPubMed

Clark TC, Lucassen MF, Bullen P, Denny SJ, Fleming TM, Robinson EM, et al. The health and well-being of transgender high school students: results from the New Zealand Adolescent Health Survey (Youth’12). J Adolesc Health 2014;55(1):93–99.CrossRefPubMed

Chakraborty A, McManus S, Brugha TS, Bebbington P, King M. Mental health of the non-heterosexual population of England. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;198(2):143–148.CrossRefPubMed

King M, Semlyen J, Tai SS, Killaspy H, Osborn D, Popelyuk D, et al. A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:70–78.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lucassen MF, Merry SN, Robinson EM, Denny S, Clark T, Ameratunga S, et al. Sexual attraction, depression, self-harm, suicidality and help-seeking behaviour in New Zealand secondary school students. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011;45(5):376–383.CrossRefPubMed

Marshal MP, Dietz LJ, Friedman MS, Stall R, Smith HA, McGinley J, et al. Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: a meta-analytic review. J Adolesc Health 2011;49(2):115–123.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–697.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Statistics New Zealand. Infoshare: connecting you to a wealth of information. 2015. http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/infoshare. Accessed 09 April 2016.

12.

LoSchiavo FM, Shatz MA. Reaching the neglected 95%. Am Psychol. 2009;64(6):565–686.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Harris R, Tobias M, Jeffreys M, Waldegrave K, Karlsen S, Nazroo J. Racism and health: the relationship between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand. Soc Sci Med 2006;63(6):1428–1441.

14.

Crengle S, Clark TC, Robinson E, Bullen P, Dyson B, Denny S, et al. The health and wellbeing of Māori New Zealand secondary school students in 2012. Te Ara Whakapiki Taitamariki: Youth’12. Auckland: The University of Auckland; 2013.

15.

Helu SL, Robinson E, Grant S, Herd R, Denny S. Youth ’07: the health and wellbeing of secondary school students in New Zealand: results for Pacific young people. Auckland: The University of Auckland; 2009.

16.

Parackal S, Ameratunga S, Tintin S, Wong S. Youth’07: the health and wellbeing of secondary school students in New Zealand: results for Chinese, Indian and other Asian Students. Auckland: The University of Auckland; 2011.

17.

Sanders J, Munford R. The interaction between culture, resilience, risks and outcomes: a New Zealand study. In: Theron LC, Liebenberg L, Ungar M, editors. Youth Resilience and Culture New York. New York: Springer; 2015. p. 81–92.

18.

Boykin K. One more river to cross: black & gay in America. New York: Anchor Books; 1997.

19.

Guittar SG, Guittar NA. Intersectionality. In: Wright JD, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences Oxford. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2015. p. 657–662.CrossRef

20.

Jaspal R. Non-heterosexual British Asian men: social representations, identity and social relations. In: Wright JD, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences Oxford: Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2015. p. 861–866.CrossRef

21.

Mustanski B, Newcomb ME, Garofalo R. Mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: a developmental resiliency perspective. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv Quart J Commun Clin Pract. 2011;23(2):204–225.CrossRef

22.

Bostwick WB, Meyer I, Aranda F, Russell S, Hughes T, Birkett M, et al. Mental health and suicidality among racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority youths. Am J Public Health.2014;104(6):1129–1136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Lytle MC, De Luca SM, Blosnich JR. The influence of intersecting identities on self-harm, suicidal behaviors, and depression among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014;44(4):384–391.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Hayes JA, ChunKennedy C, Edens A, Locke BD. Do double minority students face double jeopardy? Testing minority stress theory. J Coll Couns. 2011;14(2):117–126.CrossRef

25.

Mustanski BS, Garofalo R, Emerson EM. Mental health disorders, psychological distress, and suicidality in a diverse sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2426–2322.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Balsam KF, Molina Y, Blayney JA, Dillworth T, Zimmerman L, Kaysen D. Racial/ethnic differences in identity and mental health outcomes among young sexual minority women. Cultural diversity ethnic minority psychology 2015;21(3):380.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

LeVasseur MT, Kelvin EA, Grosskopf NA. Intersecting identities and the association between bullying and suicide attempt among New York City youths: results from the 2009 New York city youth risk behavior survey. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(6):1082–1089.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Shadick R, Backus DF, Barbot B. Suicide risk among college student. The intersection of sexual orientation and race. Crisis. 2015;36(6):416–423.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Sousa VD, Zauszniewski JA, Musil CM. How to determine whether a convenience sample represents the population. Appl Nurs Res. 2004;17(2):130–135.PubMed

30.

Adolescent Health Research Group. About the Youth2000 survey series: National youth health and wellbeing surveys. 2016. https://www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/en/faculty/adolescent-health-research-group/youth2000-national-youth-health-survey-series.html.

31.

Adolescent Health Research Group. Youth’07: the health and wellbeing of secondary school students in New Zealand. Initial findings. Auckland: The University of Auckland; 2008.

32.

Clark TC, Fleming T, Bullen P, Denny S, Crengle S, Dyson B, et al. Youth’12 Overview: the health and wellbeing of New Zealand secondary school students in 2012. Auckland: The University of Auckland; 2013.

33.

Kukutai T, Callister P. A “main” ethnic group? Ethnic self-prioritisation among New Zealand youth. Soc Policy J N Z 2009(36):16–31.

34.

Adolescent Health Research Group. Youth’12 national health and wellbeing survey of New Zealand secondary school students: data dictionary. Auckland: The University of Auckland; 2012.

35.

Lucassen MF, Clark TC, Denny SJ, Fleming TM, Rossen FV, Sheridan J, et al. What has changed from 2001 to 2012 for sexual minority youth in New Zealand?. J Paediatr Child Health 2015;51(4):410–418.PubMed

36.

Milfont TL, Merry S, Robinson E, Denny S, Crengle S, Ameratunga S. Evaluating the short form of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale in New Zealand adolescents. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2008;42(11):950–954.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Fleming TM, Clark T, Denny S, Bullen P, Crengle S, Peiris-John R, et al. Stability and change in the mental health of New Zealand secondary school students 2007–2012: results from the national adolescent health surveys. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2014;48(5):472–480.CrossRefPubMed

38.

World Health Organization. The WHO-5 website. 1998. https://www.psykiatri-regionh.dk/who-5/Pages/default.aspx.

39.

Meyer IH, Dietrich J, Schwartz S. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders and suicide attempts in diverse lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(6):1004–1006.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Yu EA, Chang EC, Yang H, Yu T. Positive psychology assessment in Asian Americans. In: Chang EC, Downey CA, Hirsch JK, Lin NJ, editors. Positive psychology in racial and ethnic minority groups: theory, research, and practice. Washington DC: American Psychological Association; 2016. p. 131–149.CrossRef

41.

Pettigrew TF. Social evaluation theory: convergences and applications. Nebr Symp Motiv. 1967;15:241–304.

42.

Kerekere E. Takatāpui: part of the Whānau. Auckland: Tīwhanawhana Trust and Mental Health Foundation; 2015.

43.

Fann RQ. Growing up gay in China. J Gay Lesbian Issues Educ. 2003;1(2):35–42.CrossRef

44.

Chan CS. Don’t ask, don’t tell, don’t know: the formation of a homosexual identity and sexual expression among Asian American lesbians. In: Greene B, editor. Ethnic and cultural diversity among lesbians and gay men. New York: Sage Publications; 1997. p. 240–248.

45.

Aspin C, Hutchings J. Reclaiming the past to inform the future: contemporary views of Maori sexuality. Culture Health Sexuality 2007;9(4):415–427.CrossRef

46.

Wallace L. Sexual encounters: Pacific texts, modern sexualities. New York: Cornell University Press; 2003.

47.

Egeland B, Carlson E, Sroufe LA. Resilience as process. Dev Psychopathol. 1993;5(4):517–28300.CrossRef

48.

Moradi B, Wiseman MC, DeBlaere C, Goodman MB, Sarkees A, Brewster ME, et al. LGB of color and White individuals’ perceptions of heterosexist stigma, internalized homophobia, and outness: comparisons of levels and links. Couns Psychol. 2010;38(3):397–424.CrossRef

49.

Della B, Wilson M, Miller RL. Strategies for managing heterosexism used among African American gay and bisexual men. J Black Psychol. 2002;28(4):371–391.CrossRef

50.

DeAngelis T. Unmasking racial micro-aggressions. 2009. http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/02/microaggression.aspx. Accessed 2, 40.

51.

Yeung A, Chan R, Mischoulon D, Sonawalla S, Wong E, Nierenberg AA, et al. Prevalence of major depressive disorder among Chinese–Americans in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26(1):24–30.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Georg Hsu L, Wan YM, Chang H, Summergrad P, Tsang BY, Chen H. Stigma of depression is more severe in Chinese Americans than Caucasian Americans. Psychiatry. 2008;71(3):210–218.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Li PL, Logan S, Yee L, Ng S. Barriers to meeting the mental health needs of the Chinese community. J Public Health Med. 1999;21(1):74–80.CrossRefPubMed

54.

Choi I, Andrews G, Sharpe L, Hunt C. Help-seeking characteristics of Chinese- and English-speaking Australians accessing Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015;50(1):89–97.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Hofman DLC. Male, female, and other: how science, medicine and law treat the intersexed, and the implications for sex-dependent law. Tulane J Law Sex. 2012;21:1.

Titel: Mental Health Status of Double Minority Adolescents: Findings from National Cross-Sectional Health Surveys
verfasst von: Szu-Ying Chiang
Theresa Fleming
Mathijs Lucassen
John Fenaughty
Terryann Clark
Simon Denny
Publikationsdatum: 19.11.2016
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Elektronische ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0530-z

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Mental Health of Refugees and Non-refugees from War-Conflict Countries: Data from Primary Healthcare Services and the Norwegian Prescription Database

Relationship Between Negative Mood and Health Behaviors in an Immigrant and Refugee Population

Factors Influencing Suicide Behaviours in Immigrant and Ethno-Cultural Minority Groups: A Systematic Review

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and their Relationship to Drug and Alcohol use in an International Sample of Latino Immigrants

A Qualitative Study of the Integration of Arab Muslim Israelis Suffering from Mental Disorders into the Normative Community

Coming of Age on the Margins: Mental Health and Wellbeing Among Latino Immigrant Young Adults Eligible for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)