Background
Methods
Study design
Data collection
Health status
Migration variables
Covariables
Statistical analyses
Results
Native -born French | Born French outside French Guiana | Naturalized immigrant | Long-term documented immigrant | Temporary documented immigrant | Undocumented immigrant | Total | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
Gender
| Female | 52.5 | 46.8 | 60.1 | 49.7 | 63.3 | 52.2 |
52.9
| 0.38 |
Male | 47.5 | 53.2 | 39.9 | 50.3 | 36.7 | 47.8 |
47.1
| ||
Age: Median [Interquartiles] | 35 [25-49] | 38 [31-50] | 47 [32-56] | 47 [38-53] | 32 [23-41] | 30 [24-38] |
36 [26
-48]
|
<10
-3
| |
Country of birth
| French Guiana | 100 | - | - | - | - | 1.7 |
38.1
|
<10
-
3
|
Mainland France | - | 70.9 | - | - | - | - |
11.4
| ||
Other French overseas territory | - | 19.4 | - | - | - | - |
3.1
| ||
Haiti | - | - | 29.7 | 40.8 | 34.8 | 33.0 |
16.3
| ||
Surinam | - | 2.1 | 6.9 | 19.6 | 27.3 | 50.1 |
13.6
| ||
Brazil | - | 1.6 | 5.1 | 19.4 | 17.4 | 3.0 |
5.7
| ||
Other South American country | - | - | 15.3 | 9.1 | 7.4 | 6.4 |
4.1
| ||
Other Caribbean country | - | 2.6 | 23.0 | 4.8 | 11.5 | 5.4 |
4.7
| ||
Asia | - | - | 9.2 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 0.4 |
1.5
| ||
Other | - | 3.5 | 10.8 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
1.6
| ||
Duration of residence: Median [Interquartiles] | - | 5 [1-13] | 25 [18-31] | 21 [17-27] | 9 [5-16] | 9 [5-16] |
16 [7-23]
|
<10
-
3
| |
City
| Cayenne | 77.4 | 72.9 | 80.2 | 65.7 | 65.7 | 41.7 |
69.0
|
0.04
|
Saint-Laurent du Maroni | 22.6 | 27.1 | 19.8 | 34.3 | 34.3 | 58.3 |
31.0
| ||
Educational level
| None or primary | 12.6 | 6.2 | 25.9 | 41.1 | 20.0 | 35.6 |
20.6
|
<
10
-3
|
Secondary | 66.0 | 41.5 | 52.5 | 53.5 | 76.1 | 61.2 |
59.8
| ||
Tertiary | 21.4 | 52.3 | 21.7 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 3.2 |
19.7
| ||
Occupational status
| Civil servant | 13.0 | 38.9 | 5.0 | 2.0 | - | - |
11.8
|
<10
-3
|
Upper white-collar | 5.7 | 14.6 | - | 0.4 | - | - |
4.6
| ||
Lower white-collar | 21.4 | 12.0 | 27.0 | 27.3 | 19.7 | 8.3 |
19.1
| ||
Blue-collar | 14.2 | 6.6 | 10.5 | 20.8 | 16.4 | 40.8 |
17.5
| ||
Unemployed | 10.7 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 18.1 | 20.2 | 0.8 |
10.9
| ||
Homemaker | 8.0 | 5.6 | 24.9 | 17.3 | 21.8 | 39.5 |
15.9
| ||
Student | 8.1 | 1.0 | 1.7 | - | 15.5 | 3.2 |
5.4
| ||
Retired | 14.0 | 11.4 | 16.6 | 9.2 | 2.4 | 0.4 |
10.0
| ||
Inactive | 5.0 | 1.1 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 7.0 |
4.7
| ||
Perceived financial situation
| Good | 30.8 | 59.4 | 32.3 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 4.6 |
20.6
|
<
10
-
3
|
Fair | 35.5 | 26.5 | 34.9 | 38.5 | 32.3 | 29.4 |
34.5
| ||
Poor | 33.7 | 14.1 | 32.9 | 49.8 | 57.9 | 66.1 |
44.8
| ||
Fluency in French
| Good | 97.2 | 100 | 82.3 | 71.7 | 68.9 | 46.1 |
82.8
|
<
10
-3
|
Fair | 2.8 | - | 17.7 | 28.3 | 31.1 | 54.0 |
17.2
| ||
Feeling of loneliness
| No | 87.1 | 81.5 | 73.7 | 83.2 | 78.9 | 73.6 |
82.0
| 0.1 |
Yes | 12.9 | 18.5 | 26.3 | 16.8 | 21.1 | 26.4 |
18.0
| ||
Health status
| Poor self-assessed health | 35.3 | 19.4 | 52.3 | 50.9 | 48.4 | 47.0 |
39.2
|
0.008
|
Chronic disease | 22.4 | 15.4 | 44.7 | 35.0 | 22.7 | 33.4 |
26.2
|
0.004
| |
Functional limitation | 17.9 | 10.0 | 32.2 | 27.0 | 13.0 | 19.8 |
18.6
|
0.02
| |
Total
|
37.8
|
16.1
|
6.9
|
14.2
|
11.0
|
14.0
|
100
|
Poor self-assessed health | Chronic disease | Functional limitation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | ||
Gender
| Male | 34.1 | 1 | 21.2 | 1 | 16.1 | 1 |
Female | 44.0 |
1.52 (1.10- 2.11)
| 30.2 |
1.61 (1.06- 2.46)
| 20.6 | 1.35 (0.87- 2.10) | |
Age
| [18-30 years] | 27.5 | 1 | 15.2 | 1 | 6.3 | 1 |
[30-40 years] | 32.7 | 1.28 (0.77- 2.15) | 19.1 | 1.32 (0.78- 2.25) | 17.2 |
3.10 (1.54- 6.27)
| |
[40-50 years] | 40.9 | 1.83 (0.99- 3.38) | 25.1 |
1.87 (1.02- 3.44)
| 18.0 |
3.29 (1.06- 10.19)
| |
> 50 years | 64.2 |
4.74 (2.59- 8.68)
| 51.4 |
5.92 (3.44- 10.17)
| 39.6 |
9.79 (3.84- 24.99)
| |
%
|
aOR* (95% CI)
|
%
|
aOR* (95% CI)
|
%
|
aOR* (95% CI)
| ||
Education level
| Tertiary | 12.7 | 1 | 18.3 | 1 | 7.6 | 1 |
Secondary | 38.6 |
4.32 (2.52- 7.38)
| 21.3 | 1.10 (0.62- 1.93) | 14.9 |
2.16 (1.05- 4.42)
| |
None or primary | 68.8 |
10.72 (4.69- 24.49)
| 47.8 | 2.42 (0.89- 6.53) | 39.4 |
4.69 (2.58- 8.53)
| |
Occupational status
| Civil servant | 14.7 | 1 | 17.8 | 1 | 8.8 | 1 |
Upper white-collar | 10.7 | 0.78 (0.23- 2.64) | 5.0 | 0.28 (0.06- 1.26) | 15.6 | 2.38 (0.64- 8.87) | |
Lower white-collar | 36.6 |
4.25 (1.86- 9.73)
| 18.2 | 1.33 (0.48- 3.66) | 9.5 | 1.31 (0.49- 3.51) | |
Blue-collar | 38.5 |
5.74 (3.20- 10.28)
| 24.8 | 2.17 (0.92- 5.11) | 10.3 | 1.45 (0.54- 3.91) | |
Unemployed | 39.2 |
4.74 (2.29- 9.85)
| 26.3 |
2.07 (1.03- 4.15)
| 14.9 |
2.76 (1.27- 5.99)
| |
Homemaker | 48.9 |
5.57 (2.74- 10.33)
| 28.9 | 1.79 (0.72- 4.45) | 28.6 |
5.42 (2.35- 12.51)
| |
Student | 21.5 | 3.37 (0.70- 16.28) | 13.2 | 1.59 (0.29- 8.59) | 1.2 | 0.46 (0.07- 3.07) | |
Retired | 77.5 |
11.59 (2.62- 51.29)
| 59.8 |
3.07 (1.11- 8.46)
| 50.7 |
6.30 (2.14- 18.59)
| |
Inactive | 54.0 |
10.06 (2.46- 43.9)
| 39.1 |
4.15 (1.03- 16.70)
| 38.3 |
10.73 (3.81- 30.22)
| |
Perceived financial situation
| Good | 26.0 | 1 | 16.1 | 1 | 10.2 | 1 |
Fair | 40.3 | 1.81 (0.79- 4.15) | 26.7 | 1.74 (0.96- 3.16) | 17.3 | 1.58 (0.72- 3.50) | |
Poor | 47.9 |
2.47 (1.12- 5.43)
| 32.6 |
2.22 (1.16- 4.26)
| 25.5 |
2.70 (1.29- 5.67)
| |
Fluency in French
| Good | 35.6 | 1 | 23.6 | 1 | 15.2 | 1 |
Fair | 55.7 |
2.18 (1.24- 3.82)
| 38.3 |
1.93 (1.08- 3.43)
| 35.0 |
2.38 (1.44- 3.94)
| |
Feeling of loneliness
| No | 36.0 | 1 | 22.2 | 1 | 15.7 | 1 |
Yes | 56.6 |
2.45 (1.71- 3.51)
| 42.6 |
2.53 (1.44- 4.43)
| 32.1 |
2.79 (1.52- 5.12)
|
Poor self-assessed health | Chronic disease | Functional limitation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | ||
1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Migration status
| Native-born French | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Born French outside French Guiana |
0.36 (0.16- 0.79)
| 0.58 (0.25-1.34) | 0.53(0.22-1.27) | 0.56(0.19-1.64) | 0.66(0.25-1.71) | 0.59(0.22-1.58) | 0.41(0.12-1.35) | 0.50(0.11-2.24) | 0.46(0.09-2.27) | |
Naturalized immigrant | 1.33(0.62-2.87) | 1.26(0.59-2.72) | 1.21(0.58-2.55) |
1.89(1.09-3.28)
|
2.00(1.06-3.78)
| 1.87(0.89-3.93) | 1.41(0.63-3.16) | 1.34(0.54-3.35) | 1.13(0.46-2.78) | |
Long-term documented immigrant | 1.43(0.68-3.01) | 1.06(0.53-2.11) | 1.09(0.53-2.27) | 1.45(0.61-3.43) | 1.36(0.58-3.17) | 1.37(0.57-3.28) | 1.13(0.72-1.76) | 0.99(0.62-1.58) | 0.91(0.54-1.54) | |
Temporary documented immigrant |
2.32(1.05-5.11)
| 1.69(0.81-3.55) | 1.74(0.81-3.73) | 1.39(0.71-2.75) | 1.21(0.60-2.47) | 1.14(0.53-2.47) | 0.97(0.30-3.07) | 0.71(0.18-2.82) | 0.50(0.13-1.97) | |
Undocumented immigrant |
3.08(1.21-7.84)
| 2.06(0.89-4.74) | 2.16(0.83-5.60) |
2.79(1.22-6.34)
|
2.39(1.05-5.45)
| 2.24(0.82-6.11) |
2.17(1.00-4.70)
| 1.45(0.57-3.72) | 1.00(0.33-3.07) | |
Country of birth
| Native-born French | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Born French outside French Guiana |
0.37(0.17-0.78)
| 0.61(0.27-1.41) | 0.56 (0.23-1.34) | 0.56(0.20-1.61) | 0.66(0.25-1.71) | 0.59(0.22-1.57) | 0.41(0.12-1.36) | 0.49(0.10-2.39) | 0.45(0.09-2.36) | |
Immigrant born in Haiti | 2.22(0.92-5.38) | 1.31(0.57-2.99) | 1.29 (0.53-3.13) | 1.89(0.68-5.23) | 1.56(0.59-4.12) | 1.51(0.54-4.25) | 0.83(0.57-1.21) |
0.50(0.32-0.77)
|
0.44(0.25-0.76)
| |
Immigrant born in Surinam | 2.07(0.93-4.60) | 1.40(0.70-2.83) | 1.50(0.68-3.28) | 2.06(0.85-4.99) | 1.87(0.69-5.07) | 1.88(0.57-6.21) |
2.19(1.21-3.95)
| 1.83(0.79-4.21) | 1.42(0.66-3.05) | |
Immigrant born elsewhere | 1.74(0.82-3.69) | 1.60(0.81-3.18) | 1.58(0.81-3.11) | 1.56(0.98-2.46) | 1.60(1.00-2.58) | 1.50(0.86-2.61) | 1.54(0.61-3.84) | 1.65(0.61-4.48) | 1.39(0.55-3.50) | |
Durationof residence
| Native-born French | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Born French outside French Guiana |
0.37 (0.17- 0.79)
| 0.61(0.27- 1.39) | 0.56(0.24- 1.32) | 0.57(0.20- 1.60) | 0.67(0.26- 1.69) | 0.59(0.23- 1.54) | 0.41(0.13- 1.31) | 0.51(0.12- 2.14) | 0.46(0.10- 2.11) | |
Established immigrant (> 5 years) |
2.08(1.01-4.25)
| 1.56(0.78-3.13) | 1.54(0.75-3.16) | 1.92(1.00-3.70) | 1.84(0.97-3.47) | 1.74(0.85-3.54) | 1.47(0.84-2.57) | 1.32(0.71-2.48) | 1.07(0.58-1.95) | |
Recentimmigrant (≤ 5 years) | 1.55(0.73-3.30) | 1.04(0.52-2.05) | 1.02(0.47-2.26) | 1.09(0.34-3.45) | 0.79(0.28-2.23) | 0.70(0.22-2.17) | 0.47(0.10-2.18) | 0.20(0.04-1.04) |
0.14(0.02-0.98)
|
Poor self-assessed health | Chronic disease | Functional limitation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | Model | ||
1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Migration status and country of birth
| Native-born French | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Born French outside French Guiana |
0.36(0.16-0.79)
| 0.58(0.25-1.34) | 0.53(0.22-1.28) | 0.56(0.19-1.64) | 0.66(0.26-1.71) | 0.59(0.22-1.57) | 0.41(0.12-1.35) | 0.49(0.11-2.23) | 0.44(0.09-2.27) | |
Naturalized immigrant | 1.33 (0.61- 2 .88) | 1.26(0.58-2.76 | 1.22(0.57-2.60) | 1.89(1.09-3.29) | 2.00(1.05-3.80) | 1.89(0.90-3.96) | 1.40(0.62-3.16) | 1.29(0.51-3.24) | 1.11(0.44-2.82) | |
Long-term documented immigrant | 1.43(0.68-3.01) | 1.07(0.55-2.10) | 1.12(0.55-2.25) | 1.45(0.61-3.43) | 1.39(0.59-3.29) | 1.44(0.60-3.45) | 1.12(0.72-1.75) | 1.02(0.64-1.63) | 0.98(0.58-1.65 | |
Temporary documented immigrant |
2.32(1.05-5.11)
| 1.70(0.82-3.53) | 1.78(0.87-3.66) | 1.39(0.70-2.75) | 1.23(0.61-2.51) | 1.21(0.56-2.61) | 0.97(0.30-3.08 | 0.73(0.17-3.03) | 0.56(0.14-2.31) | |
Undocumented immigrant born in Surinam |
3.29(1.11-9.70)
| 2.40(0.91-6.34) | 2.82(0.99-8.40) |
3.79(1.73-8.31)
|
4.07(1.80-9.22)
|
4.29(1.55-11.84)
|
4.20(1.89-9.33)
|
4.17(1.30-13.39)
|
3.04(1.02-9.03)
| |
Undocumented immigrant born in Haiti | 3.00(0.63-14.22) | 1.63(0.33-8.01 | 1.54(0.31-7.74) | 1.60(0.35-7.20) | 1.22(0.27-5.57) | 1.12(0.23-5.51) |
0.37(0.16-0.83)
|
0.16(0.06-0.42)
|
0.13(0.05-0.36)
| |
Undocumented immigrant born elsewhere | 2.72(0.57-12.88) | 2.35(0.55-9.98) | 2.79(0.59-13.13) | 2.94(0.73-11.80) | 2.52(0.61-10.35) | 2.57(0.53-12.44) | 1.97(0.30-13.02) | 1.89(0.36-9.89) | 1.34(0.16-10.95) |