Background
Methods/Design
Methods for Phase I
The Systematic Development of the Intervention
Step 1: Needs Assessment
Key resources
Key determinants
Step 2: Definition of Program Objectives
Step 3: Methods and Strategies
Methods
Key resources | Theoretical method | Practical strategy | Tools and Materials |
---|---|---|---|
Self efficacy
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Providing positive feedback | Exercises aimed at enlarging sense of control over behaviour and beliefs of efficacy. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in logbook. Coach reads and stimulates reflection In-company mindfulness training: trainer provides positive feedback E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback |
Organisational based self-esteem
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Providing positive feedback | Exercises aimed at self esteem at work. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in logbook. Coach reads and stimulates reflection In-company mindfulness training: trainer provides positive feedback E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback |
Optimism
| Self regulation | In-company mindfulness training | Exercises aimed at optimism |
Social support
| Mobilising social support | Form groups or pairs | Group and duo discussions in in-company mindfulness sessions to discuss exercises. Finding a buddy is stimulated during the sessions. |
Key determinants | Theoretical method | Practical strategy | Tools and Materials |
---|---|---|---|
Perceived behavioural control
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Provide positive feedback | Exercises aimed at enlarging sense of control over behaviour and beliefs of efficacy. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in logbook. Coach reads and stimulates reflection In-company mindfulness training: trainer provides positive feedback. E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback |
Perceived barriers
| Self regulation Goal setting | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection | Exercises aimed at reperceiving barriers and enacting on intentions. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in logbook. Coach reads and stimulates reflection |
Social support
| Mobilising social support | Form pairs or groups | In-company mindfulness training in groups and oral instruction to form pairs to do discuss homework exercises |
Intention
| Self regulation | In-company mindfulness training | Exercises aimed at enacting on intentions |
Key determinants | Theoretical method | Practical strategy | Tools and Materials |
---|---|---|---|
Perceived behavioural control
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Provide positive feedback | Exercises aimed at enlarging sense of control over behaviour and beliefs of efficacy. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in logbook. Coach reads and stimulates reflection In-company mindfulness training: trainer provides positive feedback E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback |
Perceived barriers
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Provide positive feedback | Exercises aimed at reperceiving barriers and enacting on intentions. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in log-book. Coach reads and stimulates reflection by providing feedback. In-company mindfulness training: trainer provides positive feedback. E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback |
Awareness
| Self regulation | In-company mindfulness training | Exercises aimed at body awareness and behavioural patterns |
Social support
| Mobilising social support | Form pairs or groups | In-company mindfulness training in groups and oral instruction to form pairs to do discuss homework exercises |
Physical environment
| Environmental change | Facilitation of reducing sedentary behaviour during lunchtime | Providing routes for lunch walking |
Key determinants | Theoretical method | Practical strategy | Tools and Materials |
---|---|---|---|
Habit
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Providing positive feedback | Exercises aimed at preventing counter intentional habits from obstructing enactment of intentions E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in personal e-diary on website. Coach reads and stimulates reflection E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback with regard to set goals |
Perceived behavioural control
| Self regulation Goal setting Reinforcement | In-company mindfulness training Facilitate formulation of goals and reflection Provide positive feedback | Exercises aimed at enlarging sense of control over behaviour and beliefs of efficacy. E-coaching: Employees formulate goals and reflect in logbook. Coach reads and stimulates reflection E-coaching: coach provides positive feedback |
Availability
| Environmental change | Facilitation of healthy behaviour | Offering fruit and vegetables |
Costs
| Environmental change | Facilitation of healthy behaviour | Offering fruit and vegetables |
Intention
| Self regulation | In-company mindfulness training | Exercises aimed enacting on intentions |
Strategies
Step 4 Program Development
Mindfulness training
Cognitive components
Behavioural components
Motivational components
EBRB-targeted components
E-coaching
Supporting elements
Step 5 Development of a Plan for Implementation
Step 6: Evaluation
Phase II: Evaluation of the Intervention
Study Design
Population
Randomisation and Blinding
Recruitment
Procedure
Primary Outcome Measurements
Secondary Outcome Measurements
Energy Balance-Related Behaviours
Mental and Physical Health-related Outcome Measures
Mindfulness
BMI and waist circumference
Need for recovery
Measures of determinants of behaviour
Prognostic factor
Economic Measures
Workplace productivity loss
Work-related outcome measures
Cost measures
Referral costs
Health care costs
Productivity-related costs
Participant costs
Data Analysis
Baseline Characteristics
Effect Evaluation
Process Evaluation
Economic Evaluation
Sample Size Calculation
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention group (n = 129) | Control group (n = 128) | |
---|---|---|
Demographics
| ||
Gender, Female %
| 63.56 | 71.09 |
Marital status: Married or significant other, % | 81.39 | 73.43 |
Education: Highly educated*, %
| 76.74 | 85.93 |
Age, years, m ± sd
| 46.0 ± 9.4 | 45.1 ± 9.6 |
Prognostic factor
| ||
Need for cognition, m ± sd
| 3.67 ± 0.51 | 3.75 ± 0.59 |
Work engagement
| ||
Work engagement **, m ± sd
| 4.09 ± 0.81 | 4.02 ± 0.91 |
Vigor, m ± sd
| 4.23 ± 0.83 | 4.11 ± 0.91 |
Dedication, m ± sd
| 4.39 ± 0.91 | 4.26 ± 0.96 |
Absorption, m ± sd
| 3.77 ± 0.91 | 3.82 ± 0.91 |
Energy Balance Related behaviours
| ||
Vigorous physical activity in leisure time, minutes per week, m ± sd
| 86.32 ± 158.93 | 51.05 ± 127.45 |
Not engaging in vigorous activity in leisure time, %
| 50.40% | 69.50% |
Sedentary behaviour at work, minutes per working day, m ± sd
| 496.74 ± 136.67 | 490.19 ± 113.96 |
Daily fruit intake in pieces, m ± sd
| 1.51 ± 0.95 | 1.44 ± 0.93 |
Daily vegetable intake in grams, m ± sd
| 183.55 ± 74.00 | 182.43 ± 83.36 |
Weight status
| ||
BMI, kg/m2, m ± sd
| 24.74 ± 3.96 | 24.66 ± 3.56 |
Underweight (≤ 18.49 kg/m2), %
| 0.80 | 0.00 |
Normal weight (18.50-24.99 kg/m2), %
| 63.40 | 59.40 |
Overweight (25.00-29.99 kg/m2), %
| 25.60 | 32.00 |
Obese (≥ 30.00 kg/m2), %
| 9.40 | 8.60 |
Waist circumference (cm), m ± sd
| ||
Men | 91.44 ± 10.72 | 91.39 ± 8.67 |
Women | 80.30 ± 10.46 | 80.41 ± 9.29 |