Background
Methods
Sample
Assessment
Items | item wordings |
---|---|
01
| When I feel bad physically then this is my own fault. |
02
| When I have a medical condition, I usually go to the doctor. |
03
| Whether or not my sickness continues depends on Chance. |
04
| When I feel well physically I owe this to all the advice and help of others. |
05
| When I get sick then I didn't take sufficient care of myself. |
06
| When I have a sickness I seek out the advice of others. |
07
| Bodily sickness cannot be influenced: When I am unlucky it appears suddenly. |
08
| When I take care of myself I have no sickness. |
09
| When destiny wants it I experience bodily pain. |
10
| When I am sick I ask an expert to help me. |
11
2
| It can be influenced whether or not I feel well. |
12
| When I don't have a good doctor I more often suffer from sickness. |
13
| Whether or not sickness disappears depends on whether or not I'm lucky. |
14
| I can avoid sickness when I take the advice of others. |
15
| I owe it to my Fate when my sickness disappears. |
16
| When I know enough about myself I can help myself when I am sick. |
17
| When I am sick I know that I can help myself. |
18
| It is up to me whether my sickness abates. |
19
| I believe that Luck and Chance play a big role in my physical health. |
20
| When I feel bad others know better than me how I feel. |
21
| It's up to me to protect myself from sickness. |
Data analyses
Software
Preliminary analyses and data generation
Initial model comparison
Further model development
Model validation
Results
Preliminary item analyses and data generation
Items | Strongly disagree (1) | 2 | 3 | 4 | strongly agree (5) |
missing answers
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01
| 487 | 354 | 614 | 362 | 213 |
7
| ||
02
| 270 | 404 | 487 | 371 | 498 |
7
| ||
03
| 1079 | 343 | 378 | 124 | 97 |
16
| ||
04
| 989 | 439 | 358 | 143 | 101 |
7
| ||
05
| 459 | 412 | 586 | 358 | 209 |
13
| ||
06
| 457 | 416 | 555 | 398 | 200 |
11
| ||
07
| 549 | 389 | 451 | 310 | 327 |
11
| ||
08
| 395 | 379 | 671 | 380 | 203 |
9
| ||
09
| 922 | 293 | 427 | 202 | 181 |
12
| ||
10
| 140 | 241 | 489 | 542 | 619 |
6
| ||
11
| 288 | 209 | 573 | 544 | 417 |
6
| ||
12
| 987 | 345 | 383 | 142 | 173 |
7
| ||
13
| 1122 | 370 | 332 | 118 | 85 |
10
| ||
14
| 566 | 342 | 599 | 360 | 162 |
8
| ||
15
| 1086 | 345 | 342 | 119 | 137 |
8
| ||
16
| 167 | 195 | 635 | 624 | 404 |
12
| ||
17
| 199 | 293 | 761 | 490 | 284 |
10
| ||
18
| 282 | 382 | 757 | 401 | 202 |
13
| ||
19
| 729 | 419 | 453 | 243 | 183 |
10
| ||
20
| 1167 | 415 | 282 | 100 | 66 |
7
| ||
21
| 162 | 209 | 657 | 543 | 459 |
7
|
Initial model comparison
Model 11
| Model 22
| Model 33
| Model 44
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
SB-scaled chi-square
5
| 6,399 | 3,154 | 1,595 | 1,419 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Degrees of freedom
| 170 | 169 | 167 | 164 |
Normed chi-square
6
| 37.64 | 18.66 | 9.55 | 8.65 |
RMSEA
7
| 0.136 | 0.095 | 0.066 | 0.062 |
Confidence interval (90%) | 0.134-0.139 | 0.092-0.098 | 0.063-0.069 | 0.059-0.065 |
p-value (RMSEA < 0.05) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
CFI
8
| 0.701 | 0.857 | 0.931 | 0.940 |
SRMR
9
| 0.137 | 0.096 | 0.075 | 0.071 |
Internality | POs1
| Chance2
| Internality | Formal Help | Informal Help | Chance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 3
|
Model 4
| ||||||
Item 01
| 0.543 | 0.548 | |||||
Item 05
| 0.652 | 0.654 | |||||
Item 08
| 0.584 | 0.585 | |||||
Item 11
| 0.496 | 0.493 | |||||
Item 16
| 0.561 | 0.562 | |||||
Item 18
| 0.685 | 0.682 | |||||
Item 21
| 0.597 | 0.595 | |||||
Item 02
| 0.360 | 0.655 | |||||
Item 04
| 0.659 | 0.662 | |||||
Item 06
| 0.622 | 0.631 | |||||
Item 10
| 0.317 | 0.564 | |||||
Item 12
| 0.498 | 0.619 | |||||
Item 14
| 0.645 | 0.659 | |||||
Item 20
| 0.675 | 0.674 | |||||
Item 03
| 0.586 | 0.586 | |||||
Item 07
| 0.468 | 0.467 | |||||
Item 09
| 0.699 | 0.698 | |||||
Item 13
| 0.833 | 0.833 | |||||
Item 15
| 0.822 | 0.823 | |||||
Item 19
| 0.675 | 0.676 |
Further model development
Factor 1 | factor 2 | factor 3 | Factor 1 | factor 2 | factor 3 | factor 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Three-factorial solution
|
Four-factorial solution
| ||||||
Item 01
|
0.520
| 0.028 | -0.006 |
0.455
| 0.145 | -0.117 | -0.048 |
Item 05
|
0.572
| 0.067 | 0.029 |
0.508
| 0.182 | -0.090 | -0.015 |
Item 08
|
0.553
| 0.062 | -0.024 |
0.497
| 0.155 | -0.081 | -0.059 |
Item 11
|
0.493
| 0.074 | -0.071 |
0.507
| 0.018 | 0.048 | -0.044 |
Item 16
|
0.575
| -0.049 | 0.068 |
0.638
| -0.147 | 0.072 | 0.127 |
Item 18
|
0.690
| -0.065 | 0.104 |
0.712
| -0.078 | 0.001 | 0.129 |
Item 21
|
0.647
| 0.025 | -0.122 |
0.707
| -0.097 | 0.117 | -0.062 |
Item 02
| -0.198 |
0.595
| -0.133 | -0.103 |
0.254
|
0.623
| -0.061 |
Item 04
| 0.056 |
0.553
| 0.140 | -0.074 |
0.738
| -0.035 | 0.013 |
Item 06
| 0.087 |
0.696
| -0.053 | 0.043 |
0.620
| 0.173 | -0.083 |
Item 10
| -0.097 |
0.486
| -0.143 | 0.095 | -0.013 |
0.840
| 0.003 |
Item 12
| -0.044 |
0.323
|
0.267
| -0.033 |
0.264
| 0.157 |
0.259
|
Item 14
| 0.239 |
0.545
| 0.039 | 0.197 |
0.516
| 0.103 | 0.004 |
Item 20
| 0.025 |
0.439
|
0.302
| -0.074 |
0.592
| -0.040 | 0.198 |
Item 03
| 0.022 | 0.035 |
0.564
| -0.058 |
0.262
| -0.206 |
0.471
|
Item 07
| -0.128 | -0.025 |
0.490
| -0.044 | -0.137 | 0.149 |
0.543
|
Item 09
| -0.081 | 0.037 |
0.674
| -0.013 | -0.037 | 0.116 |
0.707
|
Item 13
| 0.043 | 0.042 |
0.797
| 0.022 | 0.170 | -0.084 |
0.737
|
Item 15
| -0.015 | -0.019 |
0.837
| 0.021 | 0.009 | 0.007 |
0.830
|
Item 19
| 0.093 | -0.110 |
0.724
| 0.119 | -0.050 | -0.051 |
0.710
|
Model validation
1
st
sequence | Model 11
| Model 22
| Model 33
| Model 44
| Saturated Model5
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CVI
6
| 3.99 | 2.53 | 1.65 | 1.46 | 0.45 |
2
nd
sequence |
Model 3a
7
|
Model 4a
8
|
Saturated
Model a
9
| ||
CVI
| 1.48 | 1.11 | 0.41 |