Background
Methods
Study design
Clinical and demographic measures
Muscle measures
Pre- and post-hospitalization falls
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Included at baseline (n = 378) | Included at follow-up (n = 297) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
♂ (n = 192) | ♀ (n = 186) | ♂ (n = 141) | ♀ (n = 156) | |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 79.1 (6.3) | 80.3 (6.5) | 78.1 (5.5) | 80.3 (6.5) |
Use of walking aid | 92 (48.2) | 108 (58.7) | 64 (45.7) | 91 (59.1) |
Living independently | 178 (92.7) | 161 (89.0) | 132 (93.6) | 135 (88.2) |
Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 77.3 (15.4) | 68.3 (16.7) | 79.8 (15.2) | 68.9 (17.3) |
Height, cm, mean (SD) | 175 (6.7) | 161 (5.7) | 176 (6.4) | 161 (5.7) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 25.2 (4.5) | 26.3 (6.3) | 25.9 (4.4) | 26.5 (6.5) |
Current smoking | 27 (14.5) | 13 (7.1) | 19 (13.8) | 8 (5.2) |
Alcohol use | 91 (48.9) | 55 (30.4) | 80 (58.0) | 45 (29.6) |
Elective admission | 25 (13.0) | 33 (17.7) | 23 (16.3) | 29 (18.6) |
Surgical specialism | 76 (39.6) | 95 (51.1) | 65 (46.1) | 83 (53.2) |
Polypharmacya | 127 (66.1) | 107 (57.5) | 88 (62.4) | 91 (58.3) |
Comorbiditiesb | 170 (88.5) | 163 (88.6) | 120 (85.1) | 137 (89.0) |
ADL-score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) |
NRS-score, median (IQR) | 1 (0–4) | 3 (0–6) | 1 (0–4) | 3 (0–6) |
FAC-score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (0–5) |
6-CIT-score, median (IQR) | 4 (0–8) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (0–8) | 4 (0–10) |
SNAQ-score, median (IQR) | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) |
LOS, days, median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–9) | 5 (2–7) | 5 (3–9) |
Pre-hospitalization fallsc | 79 (41.1) | 93 (50.3) | 57 (40.4) | 79 (51.0) |
Post-hospitalization fallsd | 32 (23.4) | 26 (17.9) |
N
| Falls, Mean (SD) | No falls, Mean (SD) | Crude | Adjusted | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |||||
Pre-hospitalization fallsa | ||||||||
HGS, kg | ♂ | 192 | 23.5 (10.8) | 27.9 (8.82) |
0.95 (0.92, 0.98)
|
0.003
|
0.94 (0.90, 0.98)
|
0.003
|
♀ | 185 | 14.3 (5.96) | 15.6 (5.25) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.128 | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 0.062 | |
SMM, kg | ♂ | 158 | 28.9 (5.22) | 30.4 (5.84) | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | 0.104 | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.074 |
♀ | 162 | 22.8 (4.01) | 22.3 (3.50) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.13) | 0.352 | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 0.393 | |
SMI, kg/m2 | ♂ | 158 | 9.45 (1.49) | 9.88 (1.45) | 0.82 (0.65, 1.02) | 0.076 | 0.80 (0.64, 1.01) | 0.063 |
♀ | 162 | 8.73 (1.32) | 8.51 (1.17) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) | 0.399 | 1.10 (0.85, 1.42) | 0.470 | |
RMM, % | ♂ | 158 | 38.9 (5.56) | 39.2 (4.60) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 0.748 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | 0.383 |
♀ | 162 | 33.2 (6.04) | 34.3 (5.26) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.02) | 0.226 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.856 | |
Post-hospitalization fallsb | ||||||||
HGS, kg | ♂ | 137 | 23.4 (9.16) | 29.6 (9.90) |
0.94 (0.90, 0.98)
|
0.004
|
0.93 (0.88, 0.99)
|
0.020
|
♀ | 145 | 14.7 (5.43) | 15.1 (5.56) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 0.746 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 0.771 | |
SMM, kg | ♂ | 116 | 27.3 (3.71) | 31.8 (5.61) |
0.81 (0.71, 0.91)
|
0.001
|
0.80 (0.71, 0.92)
|
0.001
|
♀ | 125 | 22.1 (4.36) | 23.0 (3.75) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.320 | 0.92 (0.81, 1.06) | 0.243 | |
SMI, kg/m2 | ♂ | 116 | 9.08 (1.15) | 10.2 (1.41) |
0.53 (0.36, 0.77)
|
0.001
|
0.50 (0.33, 0.76)
|
0.001
|
♀ | 125 | 8.39 (1.55) | 8.80 (1.16) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.13) | 0.166 | 0.73 (0.48, 1.10) | 0.132 | |
RMM, % | ♂ | 116 | 38.2 (4.70) | 39.4 (5.32) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 0.309 |
0.85 (0.75, 0.96)
|
0.009
|
♀ | 125 | 32.9 (6.51) | 33.7 (5.04) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.533 | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.435 |