Background
Methods
National model of hypertension risk
Data sources
Measurements
Explanatory variable | Categories |
---|---|
Sex | Male |
Female | |
Age | 18-34 years |
35-44 years | |
45-54 years | |
55-64 years | |
65-74 years | |
75+ years | |
Ethnicity | White |
Non-white | |
Body mass index (BMI) | Underweight/Normal (BMI < 25) |
Overweight (BMI 25-29.9) | |
Obese (BMI 30+) | |
Low | |
Physical activity (based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) | Moderate |
High | |
Cigarette smoking | Never smoked |
Former smoker | |
Current smoker | |
Alcohol consumption | Never/monthly or less/2-4 times per month |
2-3 times per week | |
4+ times per week | |
Fruit and vegetable consumption | < 5 portions per day |
5+ portions per day | |
Salt use while cooking | Always/usually, sometimes |
Sometimes | |
Rarely/never | |
Salt use at the table | Always/usually, sometimes |
Sometimes | |
Rarely/never | |
Highest level of education | Primary level |
Secondary level | |
Third level | |
Employment status | Employed |
Unemployed | |
Economically inactive | |
Social class | SC 1-2 (Professional and managerial) |
SC 3-4 (Non-manual and skilled manual) | |
SC 5-6 (Semi-skilled and unskilled) | |
Unclassified | |
Area deprivation [20] | Quintiles |
Statistical modelling
Subnational prevalence
Developing a subnational model of hypertension risk
Constructing the subnational risk group populations
Calculating the estimated number of cases in the subnational populations
Ethics statement
Results
Risk of doctor-diagnosed hypertension amongst adults aged 18+ years
Odds ratio (OR) | 95% CI for OR | Pr > ChiSq | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 18-34 years (reference) | 1.00 | ||
35-44 years | 2.02 | 1.42 - 2.87 | <.0001 | |
45-54 years | 5.46 | 3.95 - 7.54 | <.0001 | |
55-64 years | 10.68 | 7.75 - 14.73 | <.0001 | |
65-74 years | 12.92 | 9.04 - 18.46 | <.0001 | |
75+ years | 14.45 | 9.77 - 21.40 | <.0001 | |
BMI | Underweight/normal (reference) | 1.00 | ||
Overweight 25-29.99 | 1.57 | 1.27 - 1.95 | <.0001 | |
Obese 30+ | 3.20 | 2.57 - 3.98 | <.0001 | |
Smoking | Never smoked (reference) | 1.00 | ||
Current smoker | 1.28 | 1.04 - 1.58 | 0.0209 | |
Former smoker | 1.40 | 1.15 - 1.70 | 0.0007 | |
Fruit and vegetables | 5 or more portions (reference) | 1.00 | ||
Less than 5 portions | 1.30 | 1.09 - 1.56 | 0.0033 |
Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed hypertension amongst adults aged 18+ years
Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension amongst adults aged 45+ years
Total (diagnosed & undiagnosed) | Doctor-diagnosed | Undiagnosed | Percentage of cases undiagnosed | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(95% CI) | (95% CI)2
| (95% CI)3
| ||
Sex
| ||||
Males | 71.0% (65.1% - 77.0%) | 24.2% (22.2% - 26.3%) | 46.8% (41.2% - 52.4%) | 65.9% |
Females | 53.7% (48.0% - 59.4%) | 22.5% (20.6% - 24.5%) | 31.2% (25.7% - 36.6%) | 58.0% |
Age (persons)
| ||||
45+ years | 62.0% (57.8% - 66.3%) | 23.4% (22.0% - 24.7%) | 38.7% (34.6% - 42.8%) | 62.4% |
45-54 years | 48.8% (42.5% - 55.0%) | 15.0% (12.9% - 17.0%) | 33.8% (27.8% - 39.8%) | 69.3% |
55-64 years | 65.1% (57.0% - 73.2%) | 26.3% (23.5% - 29.1%) | 38.9% (31.2% - 46.5%) | 59.7% |
65–74 years | 71.8% (62.6% - 80.9%) | 29.5% (26.2% - 32.9%) | 42.2% (33.7% - 50.8%) | 58.8% |
75+ years | 78.7% (63.0% - 94.5%) | 30.9% (26.2% - 35.6%) | 47.8% (32.7% - 62.9%) | 60.8% |
Age (males)
| ||||
45+ years | 71.0% (65.1% - 77.0%) | 24.2% (22.2% - 26.3%) | 46.8% (41.2% - 52.4%) | 65.9% |
45-54 years | 61.1% (51.5% - 70.6%) | 16.2% (13.0% - 19.5%) | 44.8% (35.8% - 53.8%) | 73.4% |
55-64 years | 70.1% (58.2% - 82.0%) | 28.3% (24.0% - 32.5%) | 41.8% (30.7% - 53.0%) | 59.7% |
65–74 years | 83.9% (72.4% - 95.5%) | 31.5% (27.1% - 36.0%) | 52.4% (41.7% - 63.1%) | 62.4% |
75+ years | 86.5% (68.0% - 105.1%) | 27.8% (22.1% - 33.4%) | 58.8% (41.0% - 76.6%) | 67.9% |
Age (females)
| ||||
45+ years | 53.7% (48.0% - 59.4%) | 22.5% (20.6% - 24.5%) | 31.2% (25.7% - 36.6%) | 58.0% |
45-54 years | 36.5% (28.6% - 44.3%) | 13.7% (11.1% - 16.3%) | 22.7% (15.3% - 30.2%) | 62.4% |
55-64 years | 60.3% (49.9% - 70.6%) | 24.3% (20.6% - 28.1%) | 35.9% (26.3% - 45.6%) | 59.6% |
65–74 years | 60.8% (47.6% - 74.0%) | 27.7% (22.6% - 32.9%) | 33.1% (20.9% - 45.3%) | 54.4% |
75+ years | 73.6% (52.3% - 95.0%) | 32.9% (26.5% - 39.4%) | 40.7% (20.3% - 61.1%) | 55.3% |