Background
Methods
Study design and population
Clinical and laboratory findings
Antibiotic therapy and nutritional support
Statistical analysis
Results
≥65 years (n = 36) | <65 years (n = 21) |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Patients’ characteristics
| |||
Mean age (years) | 80.1 ± 7.7 | 44.5 ± 13.9 | <0.001* |
Sex (male/female) | 13/23 | 12/9 | 0.123 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 18.7 ± 4.1 | 19.6 ± 2.1 | 0.284 |
CURB-65 score on admission | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001* |
PSI on admission | 105.6 ± 24.5 | 28.2 ± 46.2 | <0.001* |
Inflammatory parameters
| |||
White blood cell count (/mm3) | 12,750 ± 6490 | 13,300 ± 5460 | 0.744 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 12.57 ± 11.97 | 9.60 ± 9.56 | 0.297 |
Nutritional parameters
| |||
Lymphocyte count (/mm3) | 1415.6 ± 1211.5 | 1664.0 ± 531.0 | 0.378 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.27 ± 0.59 | 3.76 ± 0.64 | 0.005* |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167.5 ± 49.7 | 170.3 ± 43.5 | 0.833 |
Serum cholinesterase (IU/L) | 189.8 ± 54.3 | 237.0 ± 78.1 | 0.010* |
Correlation between CURB-65 score or PSI and independent variables on admission
A. Univariate analysis of correlations between CURB-65 score and independent variables | ||
Independent variables | ≥65 years (n = 36) | <65 years (n = 21) |
Age | 0.235 (0.167) | 0.463 (0.034*) |
Body mass index | −0.025 (0.883) | −0.210 (0.361) |
Lymphocyte count | −0.164 (0.338) | −0.197 (0.392) |
Serum albumin | −0.249 (0.142) | 0.015 (0.948) |
Total cholesterol | −0.248 (0.146) | −0.270 (0.237) |
Serum cholinesterase | −0.122 (0.477) | −0.424 (0.056) |
B. Univariate analysis of correlations between PSI and independent variables | ||
Independent variables | ≥65 years (n = 36) | <65 years (n = 21) |
Age | 0.467 (0.004*) | 0.640 (0.002*) |
Body mass index | −0.084 (0.627) | −0.012 (0.958) |
Lymphocyte count | −0.263 (0.122) | −0.145 (0.531) |
Serum albumin | −0.156 (0.365) | −0.076 (0.744) |
Total cholesterol | −0.287 (0.089) | −0.016 (0.946) |
Serum cholinesterase | −0.148 (0.388) | −0.367 (0.102) |
Multivariate linear regression analysis | |||||
1. Factors associated with PSI in the ≥65-year-old group (r = 0.467; r
2 = 0.219; adjusted r
2 = 0.196) | |||||
Independent variable | B (95 % CI) | β |
t
| VIF |
P
|
Age | 1.477 (0.504–2.450) | 0.467 | 3.084 | 1.000 | 0.004* |
2. Factors associated with CURB-65 score in the <65-year-old group (r = 0.618; r
2 = 0.382; adjusted r
2 = 0.313) | |||||
Independent variables | B (95 % CI) | β |
t
| VIF |
P
|
Age | 0.030 (0.004–0.056) | 0.450 | 2.429 | 1.001 | 0.026* |
Serum cholinesterase | −0.005 (−0.009 to −0.000) | −0.409 | −2.208 | 1.001 | 0.040* |
3. Factors associated with PSI in the <65-year-old group (r = 0.728; r
2 = 0.529; adjusted r
2 = 0.477) | |||||
Independent variables | B (95 % CI) | β |
t
| VIF |
P
|
Age | 2.096 (0.962–3.229) | 0.629 | 3.886 | 1.001 | 0.001* |
Serum cholinesterase | −0.205 (−0.406 to −0.004) | −0.347 | −2.142 | 1.001 | 0.046* |
Clinical course during hospitalization
≥65 years (n = 36) | <65 years (n = 21) |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical course during hospitalization
| |||
Length of stay (days) | 17.5 ± 12.9 | 9.0 ± 3.4 | 0.001* |
Fasting period (days) | 2.7 ± 7.2 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.022* |
Duration of PPN implementation (days) | 8.4 ± 11.4 | 2.7 ± 2.6 | 0.014* |
Duration of antibiotic administration (days) | 8.9 ± 2.6 | 6.7 ± 2.9 | 0.002* |
Mean caloric intake
| |||
Oral ingestion (kcal/day) | 1357.9 ± 533.1 | 1652.4 ± 366.5 | 0.030* |
PPN (kcal/day) | 266.9 ± 49.4 | 144.8 ± 153.6 | 0.034* |
Selected antibiotics
| |||
High-dose ABPC | 18 | 13 | 0.384 |
Ceftriaxone | 6 | 6 | 0.288 |
Meropenem | 12 | 2 | 0.044* |
Correlations between variables and length of stay
Independent variables | ≥65 years (n = 36) | <65 years (n = 21) |
---|---|---|
Age | 0.479 (0.003*) | −0.062 (0.788) |
Body mass index | −0.488 (0.003*) | −0.145 (0.532) |
Nutritional parameters
| ||
Lymphocyte count | 0.305 (0.071) | −0.163 (0.480) |
Serum albumin | −0.527 (0.001*) | −0.542 (0.011*) |
Total cholesterol | 0.244 (0.152) | −0.558 (0.009*) |
Serum cholinesterase | −0.516 (0.001*) | −0.493 (0.023*) |
Parameters related to nutrition support
| ||
Fasting period | 0.567 (<0.001*) | 0.403 (0.070) |
Oral caloric intake | −0.445 (0.007*) | 0.077 (0.740) |
PPN caloric intake | 0.163 (0.342) | 0.237 (0.301) |
PPN duration | 0.832 (<0.001*) | 0.115 (0.620) |
Parameters associated with pneumonia severity
| ||
CURB-65 score | 0.295 (0.146) | 0.438 (0.047*) |
PSI | 0.146 (0.396) | 0.282 (0.215) |
1. Factors associated with length of stay in the ≥65-year-old group (r = 0.778; r
2 = 0.605; adjusted r
2 = 0.554) | |||||
Independent variables | B (95 % CI) | β |
t
| VIF |
P
|
Fasting period | 0.718 (0.239–1.198) | 0.399 | 3.055 | 1.340 | 0.005* |
Lymphocyte count | 0.003 (0.001–0.006) | 0.315 | 2.680 | 1.086 | 0.012* |
Serum albumin | −6.345 (−11.778 to −0.913) | −0.292 | −2.382 | 1.176 | 0.024* |
Age | 0.446 (0.012–0.880) | 0.267 | 2.098 | 1.086 | 0.044* |
2. Factors associated with hospitalization period in the <65-year-old group (r = 0.558; r
2 = 0.311; adjusted r
2 = 0.275) | |||||
Independent variable | B (95 % CI) | β |
t
| VIF |
P
|
Serum total cholesterol | −0.043 (−0.074 to −0.012) | −0.558 | 3.055 | 1.000 | 0.009* |