Background
Methods
Data
Statistical analysis
Results
Obesity and sociodemographic factors
BMI (kg/m
2) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males | Females | |||||||||
Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese I | Obese II/III | Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese I | Obese II/III | |
Age (years)
| ||||||||||
18–34 | 2.20 | 69.36 | 25.39 | 2.70 | 0.35 | 13.70 | 74.36 | 9.68 | 1.79 | 0.46 |
35–44 | 0.39 | 48.17 | 43.41 | 6.94 | 1.08 | 4.88 | 71.24 | 18.96 | 4.01 | 0.92 |
45–54 | 0.37 | 38.40 | 49.43 | 10.19 | 1.61 | 2.53 | 57.74 | 28.80 | 8.67 | 2.26 |
55–64 | 0.43 | 35.91 | 50.23 | 11.82 | 1.61 | 2.35 | 48.28 | 36.33 | 10.30 | 2.74 |
65–74 | 0.64 | 37.34 | 50.21 | 10.66 | 1.15 | 2.16 | 46.09 | 37.88 | 11.64 | 2.23 |
≥75 | 2.44 | 47.01 | 43.28 | 6.56 | 0.71 | 5.87 | 49.40 | 33.81 | 9.20 | 1.72 |
Education
| ||||||||||
University | 0.90 | 58.18 | 35.83 | 4.62 | 0.47 | 8.04 | 77.34 | 12.33 | 1.82 | 0.47 |
High school | 1.44 | 58.17 | 34.74 | 4.99 | 0.66 | 10.37 | 73.24 | 13.68 | 2.18 | 0.52 |
Middle school | 0.99 | 50.48 | 40.62 | 6.78 | 1.13 | 6.65 | 66.86 | 20.34 | 5.05 | 1.09 |
Primary or less | 1.03 | 38.25 | 48.19 | 11.20 | 1.34 | 3.11 | 45.05 | 37.44 | 11.67 | 2.73 |
Geographical area
| ||||||||||
Northwest | 1.32 | 53.25 | 38.27 | 6.25 | 0.90 | 8.07 | 63.57 | 21.29 | 5.52 | 1.56 |
Northeast | 0.86 | 49.28 | 40.95 | 7.93 | 0.98 | 6.39 | 61.40 | 24.32 | 6.46 | 1.43 |
Center | 1.03 | 52.31 | 39.27 | 6.55 | 0.83 | 5.80 | 63.53 | 23.58 | 5.80 | 1.28 |
South | 1.06 | 46.01 | 43.52 | 8.14 | 1.27 | 4.55 | 56.23 | 28.87 | 8.52 | 1.82 |
Islands | 1.34 | 47.38 | 42.07 | 8.18 | 1.03 | 6.78 | 59.40 | 25.56 | 6.86 | 1.40 |
Smoking habits
| ||||||||||
Never | 1.38 | 53.94 | 37.74 | 6.06 | 0.89 | 6.16 | 58.59 | 26.31 | 7.25 | 1.69 |
Ex-smoker | 0.74 | 38.74 | 49.08 | 10.12 | 1.32 | 5.09 | 63.25 | 24.02 | 6.07 | 1.57 |
< 15 cigarettes/day | 1.45 | 59.88 | 32.88 | 5.01 | 0.78 | 8.47 | 69.17 | 17.44 | 3.97 | 0.95 |
≥ 15 cigarettes/day | 0.98 | 51.40 | 39.67 | 7.07 | 0.88 | 7.12 | 66.58 | 20.10 | 5.44 | 0.77 |
All
| ||||||||||
% | 1.12 | 49.97 | 40.62 | 7.28 | 1.00 | 6.34 | 60.98 | 24.56 | 6.60 | 1.52 |
N* | 252,462 | 11,270,228 | 9,162,655 | 1,643,067 | 226,158 | 1,546,994 | 14,868,975 | 5,987,887 | 1,610,073 | 371,340 |
Obesity and prevalence of chronic diseases
BMI (kg/m
2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese I | Obese II/III | |
Males (n = 55,303)
| ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 4.27 | 1.74 (106) | 2.93 (100) | 4.85 (144) | 9.33 (168) | 14.01 (155) |
Hypertension | 12.44 | 5.06 (107) | 7.82 (100) | 15.90 (141) | 23.57 (159) | 29.66 (141) |
Varices | 4.15 | 2.27 (89) | 3.41 (100) | 4.67 (128) | 6.05 (129) | 8.40 (109) |
Respiratory diseases | 5.75 | 8.45 (103) | 4.66 (100) | 6.32 (135) | 8.84 (153) | 11.75 (137) |
Bronchial asthma | 3.25 | 4.89 (123) | 2.92 (100) | 3.26 (115) | 4.65 (138) | 7.68 (122) |
Thyroid diseases | 1.01 | 0.83 (87) | 0.74 (100) | 1.18 (128) | 1.76 (132) | 1.46 (132) |
Osteoarthritis | 16.41 | 14.83 (112) | 12.10 (100) | 19.83 (140) | 25.64 (156) | 27.25 (124) |
Lower back pain and sciatica | 8.20 | 5.66 (114) | 6.53 (100) | 9.71 (124) | 11.06 (133) | 12.09 (157) |
Osteoporosis | 1.22 | 2.39 (141) | 1.09 (100) | 1.26 (145) | 1.55 (130) | 2.31 (198) |
Cancer | 0.97 | 3.29 (92) | 0.85 (100) | 0.98 (145) | 1.36 (177) | 1.44 (119) |
Myocardial infarction | 1.87 | 1.82 (99) | 1.17 (100) | 2.30 (148) | 3.57 (172) | 7.30 (191) |
Angina pectoris | 1.05 | 0.52 (52) | 0.71 (100) | 1.37 (146) | 1.47 (169) | 2.18 (169) |
Thrombosis | 1.05 | 1.69 (165) | 0.79 (100) | 1.14 (142) | 1.93 (165) | 3.19 (127) |
MI – Angina pectoris – Thrombosis1
| 3.41 | 3.56 (112) | 2.27 (100) | 4.16 (146) | 6.05 (170) | 10.62 (163) |
Females (n = 59,716)
| ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 4.76 | 0.92 (73) | 2.78 (100) | 7.57 (173) | 13.05 (171) | 19.06 (171) |
Hypertension | 16.32 | 6.68 (73) | 10.60 (100) | 26.27 (161) | 36.39 (169) | 37.98 (151) |
Varices | 12.32 | 5.19 (72) | 9.37 (100) | 17.68 (135) | 23.21 (149) | 26.68 (141) |
Respiratory diseases | 4.60 | 3.12 (86) | 3.40 (100) | 6.33 (153) | 9.35 (142) | 10.39 (144) |
Bronchial asthma | 3.31 | 2.64 (93) | 2.69 (100) | 4.23 (129) | 5.60 (119) | 6.10 (124) |
Thyroid diseases | 5.47 | 3.27 (72) | 4.76 (100) | 6.77 (117) | 8.40 (115) | 8.91 (105) |
Osteoarthritis | 27.91 | 13.40 (70) | 21.77 (100) | 40.24 (153) | 47.59 (160) | 50.06 (162) |
Lower back pain and sciatica | 10.71 | 4.51 (77) | 8.88 (100) | 14.60 (127) | 16.86 (131) | 20.25 (127) |
Osteoporosis | 9.93 | 5.81 (69) | 7.90 (100) | 14.10 (172) | 15.82 (187) | 15.64 (173) |
Cancer | 1.29 | 0.82 (63) | 1.06 (100) | 1.72 (156) | 1.90 (170) | 2.62 (177) |
Myocardial infarction | 0.91 | 0.63 (77) | 0.67 (100) | 1.32 (175) | 1.79 (181) | 1.62 (162) |
Angina pectoris | 1.12 | 0.79 (79) | 0.79 (100) | 1.63 (173) | 2.19 (184) | 2.76 (166) |
Thrombosis | 1.06 | 0.72 (97) | 0.76 (100) | 1.50 (168) | 1.93 (188) | 3.83 (129) |
MI – Angina pectoris – Thrombosis1
| 2.73 | 1.87 (82) | 1.98 (100) | 3.90 (171) | 5.12 (186) | 7.40 (145) |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese I | Obese II/III | ||||||
OR | 95% CI† | 1‡ (OR) | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ** p for trend | |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.43 | (0.19–0.96) | 1 | 1.24 | (1.09–1.42) | 2.34 | (1.95–2.81) | 4.21 | (2.94–6.03) | <0.01 |
Hypertension | 0.44 | (0.27–0.73) | 1 | 1.70 | (1.57–1.85) | 2.62 | (2.31–2.97) | 4.14 | (3.14–5.46) | <0.01 |
Varices | 0.62 | (0.29–1.32) | 1 | 1.10 | (0.97–1.25) | 1.31 | (1.07–1.59) | 2.02 | (1.31–3.10) | <0.01 |
Respiratory diseases | 1.55 | (1.01–2.37) | 1 | 1.00 | (0.89–1.11) | 1.30 | (1.09–1.53) | 2.11 | (1.49–2.98) | <0.01 |
Bronchial asthma | 1.58 | (1.00–2.52) | 1 | 0.87 | (0.76–0.99) | 1.08 | (0.87–1.35) | 2.13 | (1.41–3.21) | 0.37 |
Thyroid diseases | 1.08 | (0.53–2.23) | 1 | 1.32 | (1.04–1.68) | 1.81 | (1.25–2.63) | 1.43 | (0.67–3.05) | <0.01 |
Osteoarthritis | 1.11 | (0.81–1.53) | 1 | 1.29 | (1.20–1.39) | 1.59 | (1.42–1.78) | 2.00 | (1.55–2.58) | <0.01 |
Lower back pain and sciatica | 0.86 | (0.56–1.33) | 1 | 1.26 | (1.15–1.38) | 1.38 | (1.20–1.60) | 1.61 | (1.18–2.19) | <0.01 |
Osteoporosis | 1.49 | (0.76–2.93) | 1 | 0.86 | (0.68–1.09) | 0.99 | (0.69–1.42) | 1.75 | (0.81–3.80) | 0.93 |
Cancer | 3.20 | (1.56–6.56) | 1 | 0.85 | (0.65–1.11) | 1.14 | (0.72–1.81) | 1.36 | (0.57–3.27) | 0.90 |
Myocardial infarction | 1.21 | (0.53–2.75) | 1 | 1.47 | (1.21–1.79) | 2.13 | (1.59–2.87) | 5.44 | (3.24–9.12) | <0.01 |
Angina pectoris | 0.49 | (0.12–1.98) | 1 | 1.39 | (1.08–1.78) | 1.44 | (1.00–2.08) | 2.43 | (1.15–5.16) | <0.01 |
Thrombosis | 1.35 | (0.63–2.90) | 1 | 1.05 | (0.82–1.35) | 1.71 | (1.19–2.46) | 3.51 | (1.56–7.90) | <0.01 |
MI – angina pectoris – thrombosis1 | 1.13 | (0.61–2.10) | 1 | 1.37 | (1.18–1.58) | 1.90 | (1.53–2.37) | 4.39 | (2.83–6.81) | <0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese I | Obese II/III | ||||||
OR | 95% CI | 1‡ | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ** p for trend | |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.37 | (0.24–0.58) | 1 | 1.71 | (1.51–1.93) | 2.96 | (2.51–3.48) | 5.18 | (3.95–6.80) | <0.01 |
Hypertension | 0.72 | (0.59–0.88) | 1 | 1.87 | (1.74–2.01) | 2.92 | (2.62–3.26) | 3.45 | (2.77–4.31) | <0.01 |
Varices | 0.64 | (0.52–0.78) | 1 | 1.47 | (1.37–1.59) | 1.97 | (1.76–2.21) | 2.48 | (2.01–3.07) | <0.01 |
Respiratory diseases | 1.13 | (0.86–1.46) | 1 | 1.26 | (1.12–1.42) | 1.84 | (1.54–2.18) | 2.25 | (1.67–3.03) | <0.01 |
Bronchial asthma | 1.15 | (0.85–1.54) | 1 | 1.24 | (1.07–1.42) | 1.59 | (1.30–1.94) | 1.79 | (1.27–2.54) | <0.01 |
Thyroid diseases | 0.76 | (0.59–0.98) | 1 | 1.24 | (1.11–1.38) | 1.53 | (1.29–1.81) | 1.67 | (1.23–2.28) | <0.01 |
Osteoarthritis | 0.69 | (0.59–0.80) | 1 | 1.38 | (1.30–1.48) | 1.75 | (1.58–1.94) | 2.16 | (1.78–2.62) | <0.01 |
Lower back pain and sciatica | 0.57 | (0.46–0.71) | 1 | 1.37 | (1.26–1.49) | 1.57 | (1.38–1.78) | 2.06 | (1.63–2.59) | <0.01 |
Osteoporosis | 0.84 | (0.68–1.06) | 1 | 1.12 | (1.02–1.23) | 1.20 | (1.04–1.37) | 1.30 | (0.98–1.72) | <0.01 |
Cancer | 0.95 | (0.60–1.50) | 1 | 1.14 | (0.90–1.44) | 1.20 | (0.85–1.69) | 1.77 | (1.06–2.97) | 0.03 |
Myocardial infarction | 1.06 | (0.56–2.01) | 1 | 1.18 | (0.91–1.53) | 1.49 | (1.00–2.22) | 1.45 | (0.73–2.85) | 0.02 |
Angina pectoris | 1.16 | (0.66–2.04) | 1 | 1.25 | (0.99–1.59) | 1.57 | (1.12–2.20) | 2.16 | (1.13–4.14) | <0.01 |
Thrombosis | 1.07 | (0.57–1.98) | 1 | 1.20 | (0.95–1.52) | 1.45 | (1.01–2.07) | 3.24 | (1.94–5.41) | <0.01 |
MI – angina pectoris – thrombosis1 | 1.11 | (0.75–1.63) | 1 | 1.20 | (1.03–1.40) | 1.49 | (1.18–1.87) | 2.45 | (1.67–3.59) | <0.01 |