Background
Methods
Data
Measures
Body mass index
Physical and mental health functioning
Covariates
Statistical analyses
Women | Men | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charasteristics at Phase 1 | % | Mean PCSa
| Mean MCSb
| % | Mean PCSa
| Mean MCSb
|
Age (years)
| ||||||
40 | 19 | 51.1 | 51.8 | 15 | 51.8 | 50.4 |
45 | 21 | 50.9 | 51.5 | 18 | 52.6 | 51.0 |
50 | 21 | 49.8 | 52.2 | 21 | 50.6 | 50.8 |
55 | 25 | 48.1 | 51.9 | 30 | 50.4 | 52.4 |
60 | 13 | 46.5 | 52.2 | 16 | 49.3 | 53.9 |
BMI
c
| ||||||
Normal weight | 56 | 51.1 | 51.7 | 42 | 52.0 | 51.8 |
Overweight | 31 | 47.9 | 52.0 | 45 | 50.9 | 51.7 |
Obese | 13 | 45.8 | 52.4 | 13 | 47.3 | 52.0 |
Weight change
d
| ||||||
Weight maintenance | 56 | 49.7 | 52.2 | 62 | 51.2 | 52.1 |
Weight gain | 33 | 49.6 | 51.3 | 24 | 50.9 | 50.3 |
Weight loss | 11 | 47.7 | 52.3 | 14 | 49.1 | 53.1 |
Marital status
| ||||||
Married and cohabiting | 68 | 49.5 | 52.3 | 80 | 50.8 | 52.2 |
Unmarried | 32 | 49.3 | 51.0 | 20 | 50.9 | 50.1 |
Socioeconomic position
| ||||||
Managers/professionals | 29 | 50.7 | 50.8 | 48 | 51.9 | 51.4 |
Semi-professionals | 21 | 50.3 | 51.5 | 20 | 50.8 | 52.2 |
Routine non-manual | 38 | 48.6 | 52.7 | 8 | 49.6 | 51.7 |
Manual workers | 13 | 47.7 | 52.7 | 24 | 49.2 | 52.3 |
Smoking
| ||||||
Non-smoker | 20 | 50.0 | 51.0 | 23 | 49.9 | 49.9 |
Ex-smoker | 58 | 49.3 | 52.2 | 45 | 51.3 | 52.2 |
Smoker | 22 | 49.7 | 52.0 | 33 | 50.8 | 52.6 |
Drinking problems (CAGE) | ||||||
No problem drinking | 85 | 49.4 | 52.6 | 77 | 51.0 | 52.7 |
Drinking problem | 15 | 49.6 | 47.8 | 23 | 50.4 | 48.7 |
Physical activity (MET)
| ||||||
Active | 77 | 50.0 | 52.2 | 76 | 51.6 | 52.2 |
Inactive | 23 | 47.6 | 50.7 | 24 | 48.4 | 50.7 |
Somatic ill-health
| ||||||
No somatic disease | 79 | 50.7 | 51.9 | 79 | 51.7 | 51.9 |
Somatic disease | 21 | 44.7 | 51.8 | 21 | 47.6 | 51.3 |
Total
| 4524 | 49.4 | 51.9 | 1000 | 50.8 | 51.8 |
Mean PCS scorea (SD) | Mean MCS scoreb (SD) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMIc (change ≥5%) | Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | |
Women | Normal weight | ||||||
Stable weight | 51.3 (7.0) | 50.4 (7.6) | 49.6 (7.9) | 52.2 (8.9) | 52.7 (9.3) | 53.6 (8.6) | |
Weight gain | 51.0 (7.5) | 48.6 (8.1) | 47.9 (8.9) | 50.7 (10.0) | 51.9 (9.3) | 52.2 (9.6) | |
Overweight | |||||||
Stable weight | 48.0 (8.2) | 47.4 (8.6) | 46.1 (9.2) | 52.1 (9.4) | 52.8 (9.4) | 53.4 (8.9) | |
Weight gain | 48.2 (8.1) | 46.6 (8.7) | 45.2 (9.3) | 52.0 (9.6) | 52.5 (9.8) | 53.6 (8.8) | |
Obese | |||||||
Stable weight | 45.0 (9.2) | 43.0 (10.4) | 41.4 (9.5) | 52.2 (9.5) | 53.2 (9.7) | 53.0 (10.2) | |
Weight gain | 46.8 (8.2) | 42.9 (9.5) | 41.6 (9.9) | 52.2 (10.6) | 52.4 (9.3) | 53.3 (10.3) | |
All | |||||||
Weight loss | 47.7 (8.6) | 47.5 (9.4) | 45.9 (9.7) | 52.3 (9.5) | 51.8 (10.7) | 53.1 (9.7) | |
Total | 49.4 (8.0) | 48.1 (8.7) | 47.1 (9.2) | 51.9 (9.5) | 52.5 (9.6) | 53.2 (9.2) | |
n = 4524 |
n = 4524 |
n = 4513 |
n = 4524 |
n = 4524 |
n = 4513 | ||
Men | Normal weight | ||||||
Stable weight | 52.1 (6.3) | 51.4 (6.5) | 50.6 (7.2) | 52.0 (9.6) | 52.8 (8.2) | 52.9 (9.0) | |
Weight gain | 51.9 (6.2) | 51.1 (6.6) | 49.8 (7.4) | 51.1 (9.5) | 52.3 (9.2) | 51.8 (10.5) | |
Overweight | |||||||
Stable weight | 51.2 (6.3) | 50.1 (7.2) | 49.8 (7.4) | 52.2 (8.6) | 52.3 (9.7) | 53.6 (8.5) | |
Weight gain | 50.9 (6.8) | 48.8 (7.4) | 48.3 (8.7) | 48.8 (11.0) | 50.2 (10.0) | 49.9 (11.1) | |
Obese | |||||||
Stable weight | 47.4 (8.1) | 45.7 (8.7) | 44.6 (9.6) | 52.0 (9.5) | 53.8 (8.3) | 53.7 (8.5) | |
Weight gain | 47.9 (8.3) | 43.9 (9.4) | 43.3 (10.2) | 52.3 (9.1) | 53.1 (9.5) | 51.3 (12.7) | |
All | |||||||
Weight loss | 49.1 (8.0) | 59.4 (7.2) | 48.0 (8.2) | 53.1 (9.2) | 54.2 (8.9) | 53.4 (9.9) | |
Total | 50.8 (7.0) | 49.8 (7.4) | 49.0 (8.1) | 51.8 (9.5) | 52.6 (9.1) | 52.7 (9.5) | |
n = 1000 |
n = 1007 |
n = 999 |
n = 1000 |
n = 1007 |
n = 999 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase 1- > Phase 3 | Phase 1- > Phase 3 | Phase 1- > Phase 3 | Phase 1- > Phase 3 | |||||||
BMI (change ≥5%)
a,b
| n (%) | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
Women | Normal weight | |||||||||
Stable weightc
| 1538 (33) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Weight gain | 893 (19) | −1.3* | 0.4 | −1.2* | 0.4 | −1.2* | 0.4 | −1.2* | 0.4 | |
Overweight | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 786 (17) | −0.2 | 0.4 | −0.3 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0.5 | −0.3 | 0.5 | |
Weight gain | 470 (10) | −1.3* | 0.5 | −1.2* | 0.5 | −1.0 | 0.6 | −1.2* | 0.6 | |
Obese | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 270 (6) | −1.8* | 0.7 | −1.9* | 0.7 | −1.6* | 0.7 | −1.7* | 0.7 | |
Weight gain | 188 (4) | −3.6* | 0.8 | −3.7* | 0.8 | −3.2* | 0.8 | −3.3* | 0.8 | |
All | ||||||||||
Weight loss | 500 (11) | 0.0 | 0.5 | −0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | |
Men | Normal weight | |||||||||
Stable weightc
| 293 (29) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Weight gain | 102 (10) | −0.5 | 1.0 | −0.5 | 1.0 | −0.6 | 1.0 | −1.2 | 1.0 | |
Overweight | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 277 (27) | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | −0.4 | 0.7 | |
Weight gain | 107 (11) | −1.2 | 1.0 | −1.2 | 1.0 | −1.2 | 1.0 | −1.4 | 1.0 | |
Obese | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 68 (7) | −1.6 | 1.2 | −1.7 | 1.2 | −1.9 | 1.2 | −1.7 | 1.1 | |
Weight gain | 36 (4) | −3.5* | 1.5 | −3.6* | 1.5 | −3.4* | 1.5 | −3.5* | 1.5 | |
All | ||||||||||
Weight loss | 140 (14) | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | −0.1 | 0.9 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase 1- > Phase 3 | Phase 1- > Phase 3 | Phase 1- > Phase 3 | Phase 1- > Phase 3 | |||||||
BMI (change ≥5%)
a,b
| nd (%) | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
Women | Normal weight | |||||||||
Stable weightc
| 1538 (33) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Weight gain | 893 (19) | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
Overweight | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 786 (17) | −0.1 | 0.5 | −0.2 | 0.5 | −0.2 | 0.5 | −0.1 | 0.5 | |
Weight gain | 470 (10) | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | |
Obese | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 270 (6) | −0.5 | 0.8 | −0.7 | 0.8 | −0.6 | 0.8 | −0.5 | 0.8 | |
Weight gain | 188 (4) | −0.2 | 0.9 | −0.2 | 0.9 | −0.1 | 0.9 | −0.2 | 0.9 | |
All | ||||||||||
Weight loss | 500 (11) | −0.7* | 0.6 | −0.8 | 0.6 | −0.6 | 0.6 | −0.7 | 0.6 | |
Men | Normal weight | |||||||||
Stable weightc
| 293 (29) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Weight gain | 102 (10) | −0.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.3 | −0.2 | 1.3 | −0.3 | 1.3 | |
Overweight | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 277 (27) | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | |
Weight gain | 107 (11) | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.3 | |
Obese | ||||||||||
Stable weight | 68 (7) | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | |
Weight gain | 36 (4) | −2.0 | 2.0 | −2.1 | 2.0 | −2.1 | 2.0 | −2.0 | 2.0 | |
All | ||||||||||
Weight loss | 140 (14) | −0.5 | 1.2 | −0.5 | 1.1 | −0.6 | 1.1 | −0.6 | 1.2 |