Background
Research questions
Methods
Identification of studies
Eligibility criteria of the articles
Inclusion criteria
Study settings
Study design
Language
Publication status
Study population
Study period
Data extraction
Outcome measurement
Quality assessment of included studies
Statistical procedures
Result
Search results
The characteristics of included articles
Region | Author | Publication year | Design | Sample size | Population | Response rate | Quality score | Prevalence rate | Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tigray | Tafesse et al. [32] | 2018 | Cross sectional | 592 | All health care professionals | 94.4 | 9 | 46.9 | OCS |
Amhara | Haile et al. [40] | 2017 | Cross sectional | 181 | Nurse | 98.3 | 7 | 57.3 | ENSS |
Zeleke et al. [38] | 2019 | Cross sectional | 294 | All health care professionals | 86.1 | 8 | 48.6 | OCS | |
Birhanu et al. [31] | 2018 | Cross sectional | 208 | All health care professionals | 95 | 7 | 68.2 | Modified PSS | |
Oromia | Worku et al. [39] | 2020 | Cross sectional | 405 | Nurse | 94 | 7 | 53 | ENSS |
Nemera et al. [42] | 2018 | Mixed | 180 | Nurse | 98.3 | 6 | 49.2 | ENSS | |
Addis Ababa City | Zewdu et al. [30] | 2014 | Cross sectional | 343 | Nurse | 93 | 7 | 37.8 | NSS |
Tekletsadik et al. [39] | 2020 | Cross sectional | 398 | All health care professionals | 98.7 | 8 | 46.8 | NSS | |
SNNP | Anand et al. [44] | 2018 | Cross sectional | 138 | Nurse | 97.8 | 6 | 56.3 | ENSS |
Harari | Baye et al. [43] | 2015 | Cross sectional | 398 | Nurse | 92.2 | 6 | 62.2 | ENSS |
Meta-analysis
Sensitivity and subgroup analysis
Author name and publication year | Pooled prevalence with 95% CI | Heterogeneity | |
---|---|---|---|
I2 (%) | P value | ||
Haile et al., 2017 [40] | 52.00 [46.12, 57.88] | 90.0 | P < 0.01 |
Worku et al., 2020 [39] | 52.46 [46.26 58.66] | 90.2 | P < 0.01 |
Zewdu et al., 2014 [30] | 54.15 [49.16, 59.14] | 85.1 | P < 0.01 |
Anand et al., 2018 [44] | 52.12 [46.26, 57.99] | 90.1 | P < 0.01 |
Nemera et al., 2018 [42] | 52.85 [46.90, 58.81] | 90.2 | P < 0.01 |
Baye et al., 2015 [43] | 51.34 [45.93, 56.74] | 87.1 | P < 0.01 |
Tekletsadik et al., 2020 [39] | 53.17 [47.10, 59.24] | 89.8 | P < 0.01 |
Zeleke et al., 2019 [38] | 52.94 [46.91, 58.97] | 90.2 | P < 0.01 |
Birhanu et al., 2018 [31] | 50.75 [45.81, 55.69] | 85.4 | P < 0.01 |
Tafesse et al., 2018 [32] | 53.18 [47.02, 59.34] | 89.5 | P < 0.01 |
Variables | Characteristics | No. of studies | Prevalence (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 (%) | P-value | ||||
Region and city Administration | Amhara | 3 | 58.01 [46.39, 69.62] | 89.1% | P < 0.01 |
Oromia | 2 | 51.80 [47.65, 55.94] | 0% | P = 0.40 | |
Addis Ababa city | 2 | 42.36 [33.54, 51.18] | 83.1% | P = 0.01 | |
SNNP | 1 | 56.30 [47.93, 64.67] | – | – | |
Tigray | 1 | 46.90 [42.76, 51.04] | – | – | |
Harari | 1 | 62.20 [57.24, 64.67] | – | – | |
Publication year | 2017 and before | 3 | 52.40 [36.52, 68.27] | 95.6 | P < 0.01 |
After 2017 | 7 | 52.50 [47.03, 57.96] | 83.6 | P < 0.01 |