Background
Methods
Characteristics of the survey area
Study design and population
Data collection
Self-reported data
Clinical data
Statistical analysis
Results
GOHAI score distribution
Age group (in years) | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18–29 | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70–79 | ≥ 80 | |||
Men | No. of subjects | 21 | 47 | 66 | 97 | 245 | 235 | 53 | 764 |
Population | 628 | 689 | 792 | 1,019 | 1,118 | 798 | 366 | 5,410 | |
Percent | 3.3 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 21.9 | 29.4 | 14.5 | 14.1 | |
Mean age ± SD
| 24.5 ± 4.2 | 35.2 ± 2.7 | 44.2 ± 2.7 | 55.1 ± 2.8 | 64.9 ± 2.7 | 73.9 ± 2.8 | 82.2 ± 2.0 | 62.9 ± 14.1 | |
Women | No. of subjects | 37 | 100 | 132 | 195 | 405 | 277 | 77 | 1,223 |
Population | 635 | 603 | 812 | 953 | 1,176 | 1,131 | 777 | 6,087 | |
Percent | 5.8 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 20.5 | 34.4 | 24.5 | 9.9 | 20.1 | |
Mean age ± SD
| 24.9 ± 3.2 | 34.4 ± 2.8 | 44.6 ± 3.8 | 55.1 ± 2.8 | 64.3 ± 2.9 | 73.8 ± 2.6 | 82.6 ± 2.7 | 60.4 ± 14.5 | |
Total | No. of subjects | 58 | 147 | 198 | 292 | 650 | 512 | 130 | 1,987 |
Population | 1,263 | 1,292 | 1,604 | 1,972 | 2,294 | 1,929 | 1,143 | 11,497a
| |
Percent | 4.6 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 14.8 | 28.3 | 26.5 | 11.4 | 17.3 | |
Mean age ± SD
| 24.6 ± 3.7 | 34.7 ± 2.8 | 44.4 ± 3.4 | 55.1 ± 2.8 | 64.5 ± 2.9 | 73.8 ± 2.7 | 82.4 ± 2.4 | 61.3 ± 14.4 |
Age group (in years) | Total (N = 1987) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18–29 | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70 –79 | ≥ 80 | ||
Range | 25–60 | 33–60 | 12–60 | 12–60 | 18–60 | 16–60 | 28–60 | 12–60 |
34–60 | 34–60 | 30–60 | 25–60 | 31–60 | 25–60 | N. A. | 25–60 | |
Mean ± SD
| 54.7 ± 7.1 | 53. 8 ± 6.9 | 52.1 ± 7.9 | 50.2 ± 9.2a
| 51.4 ± 8.6b
| 52.8 ± 7.8 | 52.7 ± 8.4 | 52.0 ± 8.3 |
53.3 ± 6.5 | 54.3 ± 6.5 | 53.7 ± 6.8 | 52.2 ± 7.8 | 52.6 ± 7.2 | 50.8 ± 8.8 | N. A. | 53.1 ± 7.0 | |
Median | 58.0 | 56.0 | 54.0c
| 52.0c
| 53.0c
| 55.0d
| 56.0 | 54.0c
|
55.0 | 55.5 | 55.7 | 54.2 | 54.2 | 52.8 | N.A. | 55.0 | |
25th percentile | 50.8 | 50.0 | 47.8 | 46.0 | 46.0 | 48.0 | 47.8 | 47.0 |
49.5 | 51.0 | 50.4 | 46.5 | 47.0 | 45.3 | N. A. | 48.7 | |
75th percentile | 60.0 | 60.0 | 58.0 | 59.0 | 59.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
59.1 | 59.9 | 59.5 | 59.0 | 59.0 | 58.8 | N. A. | 59.3 |
Bivariate relationships of GOHAI scores with measurements
Relationship between GOHAI score and sex, age and self-reported data
No. subject | Mean ± SD
|
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Men | 764 | 52.5 ± 8.2 | 0.04 |
Women | 1,223 | 51.7 ± 8.3 | |
Age (in years) | |||
< 50 years | 403 | 53.1 ± 7.5 | < 0.01 |
50–69 years | 942 | 51.0 ± 8.8 | |
≥ 70 years | 642 | 52.8 ± 7.9 | |
Evacuation from home | |||
No | 687 | 52.6 ± 7.9 | 0.02 |
Yes | 1,300 | 51.7 ± 8.8 | |
Interruption of dental treatment | |||
Not receiving | 1,619 | 52.7 ± 7.8 | < 0.01 |
Not interrupted | 37 | 48.7 ± 8.8 | |
Interrupted | 317 | 49.0 ± 9.6 | |
Lost or fractured dentures | |||
Do not wear dentures | 815 | 52.5 ± 8.2 | < 0.01 |
No damage | 985 | 52.2 ± 8.2 | |
Yes | 172 | 48.8 ± 8.9 | |
Self-rated systemic health | |||
Good | 198 | 56.2 ± 5.8 | < 0.01 |
Fair | 1,463 | 52.3 ± 7.9 | |
Poor/very poor | 322 | 48.0 ± 9.9 | |
SPD | |||
No (K6 score < 13) | 1,311 | 53.5 ± 7.2 | < 0.01 |
Yes (K6 score ≥ 13) | 640 | 49.1 ± 9.6 | |
Economic status | |||
Fair | 973 | 52.7 ± 5.8 | < 0.01 |
Severe | 1,014 | 51.4 ± 7.9 |
Relationship between GOHAI scores and current oral conditions
No. of subjects | Mean ± SD
|
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of present teeth | |||
Edentulous | 352 | 52.9 ± 8.0 | < 0.01 |
1–19 | 658 | 50.2 ± 9.1 | |
20 or more | 977 | 52.9 ± 7.6 | |
Having one or more decayed teeth | |||
No | 1,259 | 52.7 ± 7.8 | < 0.01 |
Yes | 728 | 50.9 ± 9.0 | |
CPI code | |||
No index teeth | 447 | 52.4 ± 8.2 | 0.01 |
0–2 | 818 | 52.4 ± 7.9 | |
3 | 517 | 51.7 ± 8.5 | |
4 | 205 | 50.3 ± 8.3 | |
Tooth-mobility grade | |||
No index teeth | 447 | 52.4 ± 8.2 | < 0.01 |
0–1 | 1,374 | 52.2 ± 8.3 | |
2 or 3 | 167 | 49.3 ± 8.6 |
Multinomial logistic regression of OHRQoL
OHRQoL | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very poor (GOHAI ≤ 48) | Poor (49 ≤ GOHAI < 55) | Reference No. (GOHAI ≥ 55) | |||||
n
| COR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) |
n
| COR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | ||
p-value |
p-value |
p-value |
p-value | ||||
Sex | |||||||
Women | 377 | 1.08 (0.99–1.49) | 1.11 (0.40–1.40) | 262 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) | 392 |
0.09 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.13 | ||||
Mena
| 215 | 148 | 570 | ||||
Age (in years) | |||||||
≥ 70 | 174 | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 1.27 (0.86–1.87) | 129 | 0.99 (0.88–1.13) | 1.27 (0.68–1.50) | 334 |
0.32 | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.31 | ||||
50–69 | 322 | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | 1.68 (1.28–2.20) | 196 | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 1.24 (0.93–1.66) | 411 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.06 | ||||
< 50 | 96 | 85 | 217 | ||||
Evacuation from home | |||||||
Yes | 200 | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.02 (0.81–1.30) | 128 | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | 353 |
0.25 | 0.86 | 0.06 | 0.16 | ||||
No | 392 | 282 | 609 | ||||
Receiving dental treatments before disaster | |||||||
Yes | 442 | 1.98 (1.60–2.46) | 2.13 (1.59–2.85) | 322 | 1.49 (1.15–1.93) | 1.44 (1.04–1.99) | 839 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||
No | 150 | 78 | 123 | ||||
Lost or fractured dentures | |||||||
Yes | 79 | 2.57 (1.83–3.60) | 2.32 (1.54–3.50) | 41 | 1.92 (1.29–2.86) | 1.99 (1.27–3.14) | 50 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
No | 513 | 369 | 912 | ||||
Self-rated systemic health | |||||||
Poor/very poor | 152 | 2.05 (1.75–2.39) | 6.15 (3.58–10.6) | 62 | 1.59 (1.30–1.95) | 2.46 (1.45–4.17) | 104 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
Fair | 415 | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | 3.03 (1.88–4.87) | 318 | 1.09 (1.05–3.00) | 1.97 (1.29–3.00) | 715 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
Good | 23 | 30 | 141 | ||||
SPD (K6 ≥ 13) | |||||||
Yes | 274 | 1.97 (1.71–2.27) | 2.32 (1.82–2.95) | 126 | 1.30 (1.09–1.57) | 1.28 (0.97–1.68) | 228 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.08 | ||||
No | 304 | 276 | 720 | ||||
Economic status | |||||||
Severe | 325 | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | 198 | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 0.90 (0.88–1.42) | 496 |
0.01 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.37 | ||||
Normal | 267 | 212 | 466 | ||||
Number of present teeth | |||||||
Edentulous | 94 | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 1.75 (1.19–2.55) | 66 | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 1.03 (0.69–1.54) | 188 |
0.74 | < 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.88 | ||||
1–19 | 255 | 1.51 (1.32–1.71) | 1.91 (1.44–2.53) | 130 | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) | 263 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.62 | ||||
20 or more | 243 | 214 | 511 | ||||
Having one or more decayed teeth | |||||||
Yes | 343 | 1.30 (1.14–1.80) | 1.54 (1.20–1.97) | 251 | 1.20 (1.03–1.39) | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | 650 |
< 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||
No | 249 | 159 | 312 | ||||
CPI code 4 | |||||||
Yes | 78 | 1.58 (1.18–2.13) | 1.43 (0.97–2.11) | 44 | 1.29 (0.91–1.83) | 1.35 (0.89–2.07) | 80 |
< 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.16 | ||||
No | 514 | 366 | 882 | ||||
Having one or more moving teeth at grade 2 or 3 | |||||||
Yes | 79 | 2.21 (1.60–3.06) | 1.73 (1.14–2.64) | 27 | 1.09 (0.70–1.70) | 0.89 (0.53–1.49) | 58 |
< 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.71 | 0.66 | ||||
No | 513 | 383 | 904 |