Background
Methods
Participants
Questionnaire
Statistics
Results
The maximal orthostatic heart rate increment is not associated with clinical symptoms
OIQ Total Score | Gender, F(%) | Age | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI | Max HR Increment | BDI-II | PCS | MCS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 107) | 67 (62.6%) | 31.1 ± 1.3 | 166.3 ± 0.9 | 62.2 ± 1.3 | 22.3 ± 0.3 | 42.8 ± 1.2 | 14.8 ± 0.8 | 43.4 ± 0.8 | 39.9 ± 1.1 |
0–4 (n = 16) | 7 (43.8%) | 23.6 ± 3.0 | 169.2 ± 2.3 | 63.7 ± 2.8 | 22.2 ± 0.7 | 46.4 ± 3.0 | 7.4 ± 1.0 | 49.6 ± 2.2 | 46.9 ± 2.6 |
5–9 (n = 15) | 9 (60%) | 30.5 ± 2.4 | 168.8 ± 2.6 | 65.4 ± 3.9 | 22.7 ± 0.9 | 38.9 ± 3.0 | 10.2 ± 1.6 | 49.0 ± 1.7 | 45.4 ± 2.1 |
10–14 (n = 21) | 13 (61.9%) | 34.7 ± 4.0 | 168.5 ± 2.5 | 64.2 ± 3.6 | 22.4 ± 0.8 | 45.9 ± 2.9 | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 42.4 ± 1.3 | 41.0 ± 2.1 |
15–19 (n = 25) | 16 (64%) | 32.2 ± 2.3 | 165.2 ± 1.9 | 62.2 ± 3.1 | 22.6 ± 0.8 | 43.2 ± 2.8 | 17.2 ± 1.6 | 42.2 ± 1.3 | 38.8 ± 1.8 |
20–24 (n = 17) | 14 (82.4%) | 33.1 ± 2.3 | 161.5 ± 1.6 | 58.4 ± 2.4 | 22.4 ± 0.8 | 37.2 ± 1.5 | 19.1 ± 2.0 | 40.7 ± 1.5 | 35.9 ± 1.9 |
25–29 (n = 4) | 4 (100%) | 25.3 ± 3.2 | 160.1 ± 4.5 | 55.2 ± 4.9 | 21.4 ± 1.1 | 42.0 ± 4.6 | 21.8 ± 2.8 | 39.3 ± 3.7 | 29.7 ± 2.0 |
30–34 (n = 6) | 3 (50%) | 32.5 ± 6.3 | 167.8 ± 3.6 | 60.7 ± 4.3 | 21.5 ± 1.2 | 47.7 ± 3.9 | 21.5 ± 3.5 | 36.9 ± 2.2 | 30.1 ± 8.3 |
35–39 (n = 3) | 1 (33.3%) | 33.7 ± 8.8 | 164.9 ± 4.2 | 57.1 ± 5.4 | 20.9 ± 1.2 | 40.0 ± 6.2 | 21.0 ± 4.9 | 32.3 ± 6.7 | 33.5 ± 10.1 |
P value (Kruskall-Wallis) | 0.047 | 0.211 | 0.81 | 0.984 | 0.1 | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* |
(n = 107) | OIQ Total | BDI-II | PCS | MCS |
---|---|---|---|---|
OIQ Total Score |
.571**
|
−.534**
|
−.436**
| |
1. Nausea |
.401**
| −.379** | −.209* | |
2. Tremor in hands | .325** | −.157 | −.176 | |
3. Dizziness | .272** |
−.462**
| −.307** | |
4. Palpitation |
.426**
| −.390** | −.283** | |
5. Headache | .224* |
−.434**
| −.262** | |
6. Profuse perspiration | .272** | −.213* | −.096 | |
7. Blurred vision | .339** | −.249** | −.248* | |
8. Chest discomfort |
.518**
| −.348** | −.399** | |
9. Lightheadedness |
.413**
|
−.511**
| −.335** | |
10. Concentration difficulties |
.532**
|
−.404**
|
−.466**
| |
Max HR increase | −.081 | −.032 | .123 | .083 |
Orthostatic intolerance symptoms significantly correlate with depression and quality of life
Particular symptoms may be more useful in screening patients with POTS
(n = 107) | Depression | Diminished physical QOL | Diminished mental QOL | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95 % CI |
P value | OR | 95 % CI |
P value | OR | 95 % CI |
P value | |
Total OIQ score a
| |||||||||
OIQ scores 0–9 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
OIQ scores 10–19 | 6.190 | 2.021–18.958 | 0.001*
| 3.103 | 0.748–12.883 | 0.119 | 4.686 | 1.583–13.882 | 0.005*
|
OIQ scores ≥20 | 14.300 | 4.083–50.078 | <0.001*
| 13.144 | 3.037–56.891 | 0.001*
| 10.392 | 3.071–35.163 | <0.001*
|
OIQ score items b
| |||||||||
Nausea | 2.501 | 1.631–3.834 | <0.001*
| ||||||
Chest discomfort | 1.717 | 1.130–2.610 | 0.011*
| ||||||
Concentration difficulties | 1.470 | 1.027–2.104 | 0.035*
| 1.756 | 1.290–2.389 | <0.001*
|
(n = 107) | OIQ score | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–4 (n = 16) | 5–9 (n = 15) | 10–14 (n = 21) | 15–19 (n = 25) | 20–24 (n = 17) | 25–29 (n = 4) | 30–34 (n = 6) | 35–39 (n- = 3) | Total | |
1. Nausea | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
2. Tremor in hands | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
3. Dizziness |
1.1 ± 0.3
|
1.4 ± 0.2
|
2.5 ± 0.3
|
2.8 ± 0.2
|
3.4 ± 0.2
| 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.2 |
4.0 ± 0.0
|
2.5 ± 0.1
|
4. Palpitation | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.2 |
4.0 ± 0.0
| 1.5 ± 0.1 |
5. Headache |
0.5 ± 0.2
|
1.2 ± 0.3
|
2.3 ± 0.3
|
2.4 ± 0.2
| 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.5 |
4.0 ± 0.0
| 3.7 ± 0.3 |
2.2 ± 0.1
|
6. Profuse perspiration | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
7. Blurred vision | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.6 |
4.0 ± 0.0
| 1.2 ± 0.1 |
8. Chest discomfort | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.2 |
4.0 ± 0.0
| 1.3 ± 0.1 |
9. Lightheadedness | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.2 |
2.9 ± 0.2
|
3.5 ± 0.3
| 3.8 ± 0.2 |
4.0 ± 0.0
| 1.9 ± 0.1 |
10. Concentration difficulties | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 |
3.5 ± 0.3
|
4.0 ± 0.0
| 3.7 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
OIQ total | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 17.3 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 26.8 ± 1.0 | 32.3 ± 0.8 | 37.0 ± 1.0 | 14.9 ± 0.9 |