Background
Methods
Participants
Measures and procedures
No concerns | Some concerns | Frequent concerns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Behavioural problems | 3078 | 75.4% | 842 | 20.6% | 162 | 4.0% |
Emotional problems | 3453 | 84.7% | 527 | 12.9% | 95 | 2.3% |
Parenting in general | 3234 | 79.2% | 753 | 18.4% | 98 | 2.4% |
Developmental delay | 3572 | 87.5% | 449 | 11.0% | 61 | 1.5% |
Consequences of disease | 3462 | 85.0% | 504 | 12.4% | 106 | 2.6% |
Contact with peers | 3683 | 90.3% | 344 | 8.4% | 50 | 1.2% |
Analysis
Results
Parents' concerns
Prevalence rate of at least one concern | Number of domains on which: any concerns | frequent concerns | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-value | Mean |
SE
| P-value | Mean |
SE
| P-value | |||
Gender | |||||||||
-boy | 978/2048 | 47.8% | 0.051 | 0.92 |
0.03
| 0.018 | 0.12 |
0.01
| 0.046 |
-girl | 1046/2059 | 50.8% | 1.02 |
0.03
| 0.16 |
0.01
| |||
Age of the child | |||||||||
-14 months | 450/760 | 59.2% | 0.000 | 1.05 |
0.04
| 0.001 | 0.16 |
0.02
| 0.812 |
-3 years 9 months | 377/703 | 53.6% | 1.07 |
0.05
| 0.13 |
0.02
| |||
-5–6 years | 673/1392 | 48.3% | 0.98 |
0.04
| 0.14 |
0.01
| |||
-8–12 years | 524/1252 | 41.9% | 0.86 |
0.04
| 0.13 |
0.02
| |||
Ethnicity | |||||||||
-Dutch | 1585/3232 | 49.0% | 0.935 | 0.93 |
0.02
| 0.001 | 0.12 |
0.01
| 0.000 |
-former colony | 81/162 | 50.0% | 0.96 |
0.10
| 0.20 |
0.05
| |||
-labour migrant | 191/392 | 48.7% | 1.14 |
0.08
| 0.27 |
0.04
| |||
-other non-industrialized | 110/208 | 52.9% | 1.26 |
0.11
| 0.19 |
0.05
| |||
-other industrialized | 46/91 | 50.5% | 1.02 |
0.14
| 0.15 |
0.05
| |||
Family composition | |||||||||
-two-parent | 1800/3743 | 48.1% | 0.000 | 0.93 |
0.02
| 0.000 | 0.13 |
0.01
| 0.000 |
-one-parent | 184/310 | 59.4% | 1.36 |
0.08
| 0.29 |
0.05
| |||
-other | 38/47 | 80.9% | 1.57 |
0.18
| 0.26 |
0.13
| |||
Employment status | |||||||||
-unemployed | 102/183 | 55.7% | 0.089 | 1.22 |
0.12
| 0.007 | 0.27 |
0.06
| 0.002 |
-employed | 1719/3534 | 48.6% | 0.95 |
0.02
| 0.13 |
0.01
| |||
-unknown | 203/390 | 52.1% | 1.05 |
0.07
| 0.17 |
0.03
| |||
Maternal educational level | |||||||||
-low | 735/1563 | 47.0% | 0.144 | 0.95 |
0.03
| 0.894 | 0.16 |
0.01
| 0.130 |
-medium | 745/1482 | 50.3% | 0.98 |
0.03
| 0.14 |
0.01
| |||
-high | 507/988 | 51.3% | 0.98 |
0.04
| 0.11 |
0.01
| |||
Paternal educational level | |||||||||
-low | 664/1407 | 47.2% | 0.005 | 0.94 |
0.03
| 0.000 | 0.14 |
0.01
| 0.000 |
-medium | 638/1289 | 49.5% | 0.96 |
0.04
| 0.15 |
0.02
| |||
-high | 574/1162 | 49.4% | 0.94 |
0.04
| 0.10 |
0.01
| |||
-unknown | 148/249 | 59.4% | 1.36 |
0.09
| 0.31 |
0.05
| |||
Family income | |||||||||
-below poverty | 257/428 | 60.0% | 0.000 | 1.47 |
0.08
| 0.000 | 0.30 |
0.04
| 0.000 |
-above poverty | 1532/3126 | 49.0% | 0.93 |
0.02
| 0.12 |
0.01
| |||
-unknown | 235/553 | 42.5% | 0.80 |
0.05
| 0.12 |
0.02
| |||
Urbanization | |||||||||
-rural/small city | 1703/3448 | 49.4% | 0.749 | 0.96 |
0.02
| 0.086 | 0.13 |
0.01
| 0.093 |
-big city | 321/659 | 48.7% | 1.05 |
0.05
| 0.17 |
0.02
| |||
Number of siblings | |||||||||
-no sibs | 497/874 | 56.9% | 0.000 | 1.10 |
0.04
| 0.000 | 0.13 |
0.02
| 0.943 |
-1 sib | 980/1904 | 51.5% | 1.04 |
0.03
| 0.14 |
0.01
| |||
-2 and > sibs | 547/1329 | 41.2% | 0.80 |
0.03
| 0.14 |
0.02
| |||
Maternal age | |||||||||
-< 27 | 438/844 | 51.9% | 0.173 | 1.10 |
0.05
| 0.002 | 0.17 |
0.02
| 0.016 |
-27–33 | 1124/2274 | 49.4% | 0.96 |
0.03
| 0.15 |
0.01
| |||
-33+ | 449/960 | 46.8% | 0.88 |
0.04
| 0.09 |
0.01
| |||
Paternal age | |||||||||
-< 27 | 192/379 | 50.7% | 0.043 | 1.13 |
0.07
| 0.000 | 0.17 |
0.03
| 0.009 |
-27–33 | 987/1959 | 50.4% | 0.98 |
0.03
| 0.14 |
0.01
| |||
-34–40 | 618/1326 | 46.6% | 0.88 |
0.03
| 0.11 |
0.01
| |||
-41+ | 140/293 | 47.8% | 0.96 |
0.08
| 0.15 |
0.03
|
Prevalence rate | OR |
95%-CI
| P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethnicity | |||||
- Dutch | 7.6% | 1.00 | 0.007 | ||
- former colony | 13.0% | 1.50 |
0.90
|
2.50
| |
- labour immigrant | 15.3% | 1.98 |
1.39
|
2.80
| |
- other non-industrialized | 9.6% | 1.24 |
0.76
|
2.03
| |
- other industrialized | 11.0% | 1.39 |
0.71
|
2.74
| |
Paternal educational level | |||||
- low | 8.9% | 1.28 |
0.94
|
1.76
| 0.007 |
- medium | 9.1% | 1.43 |
1.06
|
1.94
| |
- high | 6.4% | 1.00 | ref | ||
- unknown | 16.9% | 2.15 |
1.35
|
3.42
| |
Family income | |||||
- below poverty | 15.9% | 1.49 |
1.05
|
2.11
| 0.017 |
- above poverty | 8.1% | 1.00 | ref | ||
- unknown | 6.7% | 0.78 |
0.54
|
1.12
| |
Age of the child | |||||
- 14 months | 11.4% | 1.99 |
1.44
|
2.75
| < 0.0001 |
- 3 years 9 months | 8.1% | 1.34 |
0.94
|
1.91
| |
- 5–6 years | 8.6% | 1.23 |
0.92
|
1.64
| |
- 7–12 years | 7.5% | 1.00 | ref | ||
Total | 8.7% |
Professionals' assessment
Domain | Prevalence rates of | Parents have any concerns @ | Parent have no concerns @ | P # | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any parental concern | CHP assessed problem | CHP: problems | CHP: no problems | CHP: problems | CHP: no problems | ||
Behavioural problems | 1004 (25.6%) | 295 (7.2%) | 101 (2.5%) | 901 (22.2%) | 161 (4.0%) | 2891 (71.3%) | |
rate of problems $
|
22.8%
|
15.2%
|
6.8%
|
4.3%
|
< 0.0001
| ||
Emotional problems | 622 (15.2%) | 265 (6.5%) | 82 (2.0%) | 539 (13.3%) | 213 (5.3%) | 3213 (79.4%) | |
rate of problems ^ |
47.6%
|
29.4%
|
13.3%
|
5.6%
|
< 0.0001
| ||
Parenting in general | 851 (20.8%) | 239 (5.9%) | 134 (3.3%) | 744 (18.3%) | 102 (2.5%) | 3077 (75.8%) | |
Developmental delay | 510 (12.5%) | 77 (1.9%) | 39 (1.0%) | 470 (11.6%) | 38 (0.9%) | 3507 (86.5%) | |
Consequences of disease | 610 (15.0%) | 56 (1.6%) | 31 (0.8% | 577 (14.3%) | 22 (0.5%) | 3414 (84.4%) | |
rate of problems
|
83.3%
|
32.6%
|
22.7%
|
7.4%
|
< 0.0001
|
Parental reasons for concerns
Asked for help | 280 | 78.2% | ||
Did not ask for help # | 78 | 21.8% | ||
Difficult to ask for help
|
12
|
15.4%
| ||
My partner does not want help
|
7
|
9.0%
| ||
I do not know the appropriate provider
|
17
|
21.8%
| ||
I do not like others to know that I need help
|
4
|
5.1%
| ||
I think that proper care is too expensive
|
1
|
1.3%
| ||
I have poor previous experiences
|
2
|
2.6%
| ||
My child does not want help
|
5
|
6.4%
| ||
Help not needed/resolves itself
|
14
|
17.9%
| ||
Other reasons
|
28
|
35.9%
| ||
115.4%
|