Background
Methods
Participants
Questionnaires
Quick disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (QuickDASH)
The cold intolerance severity score (CISS)
The short form (36) health survey (SF-36)
Visual analogue scale (VAS)
Statistics
Results
Participants
Non-responders
General characteristics and gender
All patients (n = 137) | Men n = 73 (53%) | Women n = 64 (47%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at when injured (years) (median[25th–75th percentiles]) | 70.0[69.0–75.0] | 70.0[68.0–72.5] | 72.0[69.0–76.0] | 0.037 |
Living situation [alone/together; n(%)] | 46(34)/91(66) | 10(14)/63(86) | 36(56)/28(44) | < 0.001 |
Marital status [single/divorced/married/widow(−er); n(%)] | 8(6)/16(12)/88(64)/25(18) | 3(4)/6(8)/60(82)/4(6) | 5(8)/10(16)/28(44)/21(33) | < 0.001c,d |
Type of residence [house/apartment/tenancy/sublet; n(%)] | 83(61)/37(27)/16(12)/1(1) | 56(77)/10(14)/6(8)/1(1) | 27(42)/27(42)/10(16)/0(0) | < 0.001e,f |
Previous occupationb [non-manual/manual; n(%)] | 71(56)/56(44) | 32(46)/37(54) | 39(67)/19(33) | 0.021 |
Still working? [yes/no; n(%)] | 31(23)/106(77) | 21(29)/52(71) | 10(16)/54(84) | 0.101 |
Occupation if still workingb [non-manual/manual; n(%)] | 14(47)/16(53) | 8(40)/12(60) | 6(60)/4(40) | 0.442 |
All patients n = 137 | Men n = 73 (53%) | Women n = 64 (47%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Do you smoke?b [yes/no; n(%)] | 13(10)/120(90) | 9(13)/61(87) | 4(6)/59(94) | 0.252 |
Do you use snuff?b [yes/no; n(%)] | 6(5)/123(95) | 6(9)/62(91) | 0(0)/61(100) | 0.029 |
Dominant handb [right/left/both; n(%)] | 111(83)/13(10)/10(7) | 60(83)/6(8)/6(8) | 51(82)/7(11)/4(7) | 0.793 |
Uninjured handb [dominant or non-dominant; n(%)] | 78(61)/50(39) | 43(61)/27(39) | 35(60)/23(40) | 0.861 |
MHISSc score (median[25th–75th percentiles]) | 18.0[6.0–31.0] | 20.0[12.0–46.0] | 10.0[4.0–27.5] | 0.004 |
MHISS grade [mild/moderate/severe/major; n(%)] | 87(64)/32(23)/10(7)/8(6) | 43(59)/16(22)/7(10)/7(10) | 44(69)/16(25)/3(5)/1(1) | 0.136 |
Number of drugs (median[25th–75th percentiles]) | 2.0[0.0–4.0] | 2.0[0.0–5.0] | 2.0[0.0–4.0] | 0.669 |
Number of drugsb [0/1–4/> 4; n(%)] | 36(27)/66(49)/33(24) | 20(28)/30(42)/22(31) | 16(25)/36(57)/11(18) | 0.130 |
Hand-arm function/symptoms and general health - gender
All patients n = 137 | Men n = 73 (53%) | Women n = 64 (47%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
QuickDASHb Score | 11.4 [2.3–34.1] | 8.3[0.6–27.3] | 13.6[2.5–42.5] | 0.116 |
VASc Pain | 5.0[2.0–30.8] | 5.0[2.0–24.5] | 5.5[2.0–37.0] | 0.395 |
VAS Hand Mobility | 10.0[3.0–43.0] | 11.0[3.0–48.8] | 9.0[2.0–39.0] | 0.419 |
VAS Sensory Function | 6.5[2.0–36.3] | 6.0[2.0–39.3] | 6.5[2.0–33.8] | 0.998 |
VAS Grip Strength | 15.0[3.0–51.0] | 15.0[3.0–54.8.0] | 17.5[2.3–49.8] | 0.473 |
VAS Fine Motor Skill | 16.0[3.0–54.0] | 16.0[3.0–58.0] | 15.0[3.0–53.0] | 0.995 |
VAS Sleep | 3.0[1.8–20.8] | 3.0[1.0–11.8] | 3.5[2.0–36.3] | 0.090 |
SF-36d PFe | 75.0[50.0–95.0] | 85.0[65.0–95.0] | 70.0[41.3–95.0] | 0.013 |
SF-36 RPf | 100.0[43.8–100.0] | 100.0[25.0–100.0] | 100.0[50.0–100.0] | 0.796 |
SF-36 REg | 100.0[66.7–100.0] | 100.0[66.7–100.0] | 100.0[33.3–100.0] | 0.781 |
SF-36 SFh | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 100.0[62.5–100.0] | 0.322 |
SF-36 BPi | 72.0[41.0–100.0] | 74.0[46.0–100.0] | 52.0[41.0–84.0] | 0.041 |
SF-36 Vitality | 70.0[52.5–85.0] | 75.0[60.0–87.5] | 65.0[45.0–85.0] | 0.092 |
SF-36 MHj | 84.0[68.0–96.0] | 88.0[72.0–96.0] | 80.0[65.0–92.0] | 0.045 |
SF-36 GHk | 72.0[55.5–87.0] | 72.0[52.0–91.0] | 72.0[55.5–87.0] | 0.696 |
CISSl score | 18.0[4.0–35.0] | 18.0[6.3–37.3] | 14.0[4.0–34.0] | 0.423 |
Hand-arm function/symptoms and general health - age
All n = 137 | 66–75 years n = 105 (77%) | > 75 years n = 32 (23%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
QuickDASHb Score | 10.3[2.3–34] | 9.1[2.3–29.5] | 22.6[2.8–44.9] | 0.091 |
VASc Pain | 5.0[2.0–31.0] | 5.0[2.0–26.8] | 9.5[3.0–40.3] | 0.208 |
VAS Hand Mobility | 10.5[3.0–43.3] | 11.0[3.0–43.0] | 9.0[2.0–44.8] | 0.628 |
VAS Sensory Function | 6.0[2.0–37.0] | 9.0[2.0–41.0] | 3.0[1.3–21.3] | 0.162 |
VAS Grip Strength | 15.0[3.0–51.0] | 19.0[3.0–51.0] | 10.5[3.0–56.8] | 0.821 |
VAS Fine Motor Skill | 15.5[3.0–53.3] | 18.0[3.0–53.0] | 10.0[2.0–64.8] | 0.414 |
VAS Sleep | 3.0[1.5–21.5] | 3.0[1.0–19.5] | 3.5[2.0–40.8] | 0.121 |
SF-36d PFe | 77.5[50.0–95.0] | 80.0[60.0–95.0] | 65.0[36.3–85.0] | 0.011 |
SF-36 RPf | 100.0[37.5–100.0] | 100.0[50.0–100.0] | 75.0[25.0–100.0] | 0.061 |
SF-36 REg | 100.0[66.7–100.0] | 100.0[100.0–100.0] | 100.0[33.3–100.0] | 0.026 |
SF-36 SFh | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 87.5[62.5–100.0] | 0.045 |
SF-36 BPi | 72.0[41.0–100.0] | 72.0[41.0–100] | 52.0[41.0–84.0] | 0.420 |
SF-36 Vitality | 70.0[51.3–85.0] | 70.0[55.0–85.0] | 65.0[40.0–83.8] | 0.085 |
SF-36 MHj | 84.0[68.0–95.0] | 88.0[72.0–96.0] | 80.0[60.0–92.0] | 0.152 |
SF-36 GHk | 72.0[55.0–87.0] | 77.0[58.5–90.0] | 62.0[40.5–82.0] | 0.042 |
CISSl score | 18.0[4.0–35.0] | 14.0[14.0–34.0] | 20.5[4.0–35.5] | 0.537 |
Hand-arm function/symptoms and general health - MHISS
Mild n = 87 (64%) | Moderate n = 32 (23%) | Severe-Major n = 18 (13%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
QuickDASHe Score | 6.8[0.0–21.5] | 12.5[6.8–42.0] | 35.2[15.9–54.0] | < 0.001b,c |
VASf Pain | 3.0[2.0–13.0] | 24.5[3.3–42.5] | 41.0[10.5–64.5] | < 0.001b,c |
VAS Hand Mobility | 5.0[2.0–24.0] | 17.0[3.5–43.8] | 55.0[26.5–80.0] | < 0.001b,c,d |
VAS Sensory Function | 3.0[2.0–16.0] | 17.0[2.0–41.5] | 52.0[27.5–78.0] | < 0.001b,c,d |
VAS Grip Strength | 6.0[2.0–41.0] | 29.0[3.5–65.0] | 55.0[29.0–82.0] | < 0.001b,c,d |
VAS Fine Motor Skill | 6.5[2.0–34.5] | 18.0[3.5–52.3] | 80.0[46.0–86.0] | < 0.001b,c,d |
VAS Sleep | 3.0[1.0–20.0] | 4.0[1.3–36.3] | 8.0[2.3–34.5] | 0.471 |
SF-36g PFh | 80.0[60.0–95.0] | 70.0[41.3–95.0] | 77.5[32.5–90.0] | 0.417 |
SF-36 RPi | 100.0[50.0–100.0] | 100.0[50.0–100.0] | 37.5[0.0–100.0] | 0.045c |
SF-36 REj | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 100.0[66.7–100.0] | 100.0[0.0–100.0] | 0.088 |
SF-36 SFk | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 100.0[65.6–100.0] | 75.0[46.9–100.0] | 0.058 |
SF-36 BPl | 74.0[51.0–100.0] | 52.0[41.0–84.0] | 41.0[22.0–100.0] | 0.004b,c |
SF-36 Vitality | 70.0[55.0–85.0] | 65.0[51.3–88.8] | 67.5[42.5–85.0] | 0.766 |
SF-36 MHm | 88.0[72.0–96.0] | 84.0[69.0–98.0] | 78.0[62.0–93.0] | 0.602 |
SF-36 GHn | 77.0[57.0–90.0] | 67.0[50.5–85.8] | 68.5[35.0–93.3] | 0.611 |
CISSo score | 12.0[4.0–28.3] | 25.0[4.0–41.8] | 49.0[14.0–64.5] | 0.003c |
Hand-arm function/symptoms and general health - high or low CISS
CISS 4–50 n = 113 (86%) | CISS > 50 n = 18 (14%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 70.0[68.5–75.0] | 71.5[68.0–76.3] | 0.936 |
QuickDASHb Score | 7.5[0.6–22.8] | 51.1[35.8–71.0] | < 0.001 |
VASc Pain | 4.0[2.0–19.5] | 49.5[8.3–72.0] | < 0.001 |
VAS Hand Mobility | 8.0[2.0–34.0] | 43.0[11.0–71.5] | 0.001 |
VAS Sensory Function | 3.0[2.0–23] | 50.5[27.5–79.5] | < 0.001 |
VAS Grip Strength | 7.5[2.3–45.0] | 72.5[20.3–82.0] | < 0.001 |
VAS Fine Motor Skill | 10.0[3.0–45.0] | 76.5[34.3–88.3] | < 0.001 |
VAS Sleep | 3.0[1.0–14.0] | 16.5[3.5–44.5] | 0.022 |
SF-36d PFe | 85.0[60.0–95.0] | 50.0[25.0–81.3] | 0.001 |
SF-36 RPf | 100.0[50.0–100.0] | 50.0[0.0–100.0] | 0.016 |
SF-36 REg | 100.0[100.0–100.0] | 66.7[16.7–100.0] | 0.004 |
SF-36 SFh | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 75.0[46.9–100.0] | 0.001 |
SF-36 BPi | 74.0[43.5–100.0] | 41.0[28.8–67.5] | 0.007 |
SF-36 Vitality | 70.0[55.0–85.0] | 65.0[28.8–77.5] | 0.085 |
SF-36 MHj | 88.0[72.0–96.0] | 72.0[62.0–81.0] | 0.006 |
SF-36 GHk | 77.0[57.0–90.0] | 69.5[32.5–82.5] | 0.285 |
MHISSl total score | 16.0[5.0–30.0] | 29.0[18.0–89.3] | 0.004 |
Hand-arm function/symptoms and general health - previous occupation
Manual n = 56 (44%) | Non-manual n = 71 (56%) | P-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|
QuickDASHb Score | 18.2[2.3–37.5] | 9.1[0.0–25.0] | 0.072 |
VASc Pain | 5.0[2.0–41] | 4.0[2.0–30.0] | 0.439 |
VAS Hand Mobility | 12.0[3.0–44.0] | 8.0[2.0–43.0] | 0.261 |
VAS Sensory Function | 9.0[2.0–40.0] | 5.0[1.0–33.0] | 0.408 |
VAS Grip Strength | 17.0[4.0–73.0] | 21.0[3.0–46.0] | 0.176 |
VAS Fine Motor Skill | 19.0[2.0–55.8] | 13.0[3.0–55.0] | 0.675 |
VAS Sleep | 4.0[2.0–29.0] | 3.0[1.0–19.5] | 0.245 |
SF-36d PFe | 70.0[46.3–85.0] | 85.0[60.0–95.0] | 0.003 |
SF-36 RPf | 75.0[25.0–100.0] | 100.0[75.0–100.0] | 0.001 |
SF-36 REg | 100.0[33.3–100.0] | 100.0[100.0–100.0] | 0.043 |
SF-36 SFh | 87.5[75.0–100.0] | 100.0[84.4–100.0] | 0.040 |
SF-36 BPi | 62.0[41.0–100.0] | 74.0[48.5–100.0] | 0.299 |
SF-36 Vitality | 65.0[50.0–78.8] | 75.0[55.0–90.0] | 0.033 |
SF-36 MHj | 84.0[72.0–92.0] | 92.0[68.0–96.0] | 0.324 |
SF-36 GHk | 67.0[41.3–87.0] | 77.0[57.0–92.0] | 0.129 |
CISSl score | 18.0[4.0–35.0] | 17.0[4.0–33.8] | 0.726 |