Introduction
Material and method
Imaging
Surgical method (L4/L5)
Outcome measurement
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Men n = 20 (%) | Women n = 25 (%) | P | Total N = 45 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | mean ± S.D. | 59.90 ± 9.60 | 62.80 ± 7.22 | 0.192 | 61.51 ± 8.38 |
BMI (kg/m2) | mean ± S.D. | 22.70 ± 2.82 | 22.11 ± 2.94 | 0.385 | 22.37 ± 2.87 |
Spinal instability | 1 | ||||
Yes | 4 (20.0) | 6 (24.0) | 10 (22.2) | ||
No | 16 (80.0) | 19 (76.0) | 35 (77.8) | ||
Revision surgery | |||||
Yes | 4 (20.0) | 4 (16.0) | 1 | 8 (17.8) | |
No | 16 (80.0) | 21 (84.0) | 37 (82.2) | ||
Type of spinal stenosis | 0.104 | ||||
Foraminal stenosis | 2 (10.0) | 8 (32.0) | 10 (22.2) | ||
Lateral recess stenosis | 13 (65.0) | 9 (36.0) | 22 (48.9) | ||
Central stenosis | 5 (25.0) | 8 (32.0) | 13 (28.9) | ||
Stenosis grade | 0.611 | ||||
Mild | 5 (25.0) | 9 (36.0) | 14 (31.1) | ||
Moderate | 10 (50.0) | 9 (36.0) | 19 (42.2) | ||
Severe | 5 (25.0) | 7 (28.0) | 12 (26.7) | ||
Coexisting disease | |||||
LSS alone | 8 (40.0) | 12 (48.0) | 0.764 | 20 (44.4) | |
Hypertension | 5 (25.0) | 10 (40.0) | 0.352 | 15 (33.3) | |
Diabetes | 5 (25.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.214 | 7 (15.6) | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 0 (0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.495 | 2 (4.4) | |
Coronary heart disease | 4 (20.0) | 4 (16.0) | 1 | 8 (17.8) | |
Osteoarthritis | 4 (20.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.155 | 5 (11.1) | |
Level of decompressed disc | 0.017 | ||||
L3–4 | 4 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.9) | ||
L4–5 | 6 (30.0) | 16 (64.0) | 22 (48.9) | ||
L5-S1 | 10 (50.0) | 9 (36.0) | 19 (42.2) | ||
Complication | Transient dysesthesia | 1 (5.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 | 2 (4.4) |
Recurrent stenosis | 0.383 | ||||
Yes | 4 (20.0) | 2(8.0) | 6(13.3) | ||
No | 16(80.0) | 23(92.0) | 39(86.7) | ||
Preoperative | |||||
VAS-back | mean ± S.D. | 6.92 ± 1.30 | 6.52 ± 1.00 | 0.153 | 6.7 ± 1.15 |
VAS-leg | mean ± S.D. | 7.18 ± 0.82 | 6.88 ± 0.85 | 0.265 | 7.01 ± 0.84 |
ODI scores (%) | mean ± S.D. | 47.70 ± 10.31 | 44.96 ± 9.99 | 0.403 | 46.18 ± 10.17 |
Postoperative 1 yr | |||||
VAS-back | mean ± S.D. | 2.72 ± 1.15 | 2.46 ± 1.08 | 0.464 | 2.58 ± 1.11 |
VAS-leg | mean ± S.D. | 2.60 ± 1.50 | 2.02 ± 1.35 | 0.243 | 2.28 ± 1.43 |
ODI scores (%) | mean ± S.D. | 14.80 ± 9.48 | 14.08 ± 9.86 | 0.764 | 14.40 ± 9.59 |
Variables | Preoperative Mean ± S.D. | Postoperative 1 week Mean ± S.D. | Postoperative 3 months Mean ± S.D. | Postoperative 1 year Mean ± S.D. | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS for low back pain | 6.70 ± 1.15 | 3.07 ± 1.09 | 2.90 ± 1.13 | 2.58 ± 1.11 | < 0.001 |
VAS for leg pain | 7.01 ± 0.84 | 2.63 ± 1.23 | 2.44 ± 1.33 | 2.28 ± 1.43 | < 0.001 |
ODI | 46.18 ± 10.11 | 19.29 ± 9.63 | 16.31 ± 9.87 | 14.40 ± 9.59 | < 0.001 |
Type of spinal stenosis | ||||
Outcome | Foraminal stenosis | Lateral recess stenosis | Central stenosis | P |
ODI (%) | ||||
1wk | 53.73 ± 21.65 | 58.46 ± 20.23 | 59.64 ± 15.28 | 0.730 |
3mo | 59.09 ± 19.48 | 66.17 ± 21.20 | 65.45 ± 17.37 | 0.320 |
1 yr | 65.03 ± 21.19 | 69.32 ± 21.12 | 69.76 ± 16.65 | 0.672 |
VAS for low back pain (%) | ||||
1wk | 51.76 ± 12.38 | 55.95 ± 12.15 | 55.87 ± 9.77 | 0.723 |
3mo | 54.35 ± 8.06 | 57.87 ± 13.67 | 59.46 ± 13.72 | 0.696 |
1 yr | 57.95 ± 8.77 | 64.45 ± 14.93 | 62.83 ± 12.84 | 0.537 |
VAS for leg pain (%) | ||||
1wk | 62.10 ± 19.66 | 62.73 ± 16.72 | 61.74 ± 17.53 | 0.980 |
3mo | 71.57 ± 22.16 | 64.55 ± 16.86 | 61.14 ± 19.59 | 0.351 |
1 yr | 75.68 ± 20.68 | 66.67 ± 19.14 | 62.43 ± 22.31 | 0.172 |
Stenosis grade | ||||
Outcome | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P |
ODI (%) | ||||
1wk | 61.69 ± 18.44 | 59.30 ± 18.70 | 50.71 ± 19.68 | 0.204 |
3mo | 69.98 ± 18.10 | 67.75 ± 17.79 | 52.54 ± 20.34 | 0.132 |
1 yr | 73.53 ± 17.33 | 73.16 ± 15.84 | 55.23 ± 22.55 | 0.069 |
VAS for low back pain (%) | ||||
1wk | 59.22 ± 12.25 | 55.43 ± 8.37 | 49.36 ± 13.19 | 0.088 |
3mo | 60.92 ± 14.61 | 60.03 ± 10.32 | 49.68 ± 10.49 | 0.037 |
1 yr | 67.16 ± 16.51 | 65.06 ± 8.81 | 53.16 ± 10.57 | 0.010 |
VAS for leg pain (%) | ||||
1wk | 64.14 ± 16.12 | 64.41 ± 18.22 | 56.83 ± 17.06 | 0.301 |
3mo | 71.33 ± 17.15 | 68.00 ± 19.32 | 53.32 ± 15.69 | 0.044 |
1 yr | 74.82 ± 15.90 | 71.42 ± 20.84 | 52.56 ± 18.36 | 0.018 |
Outcome | Had spinal instability | No spinal instability | P |
---|---|---|---|
ODI (%) | |||
1wk | 43.61 ± 14.51 | 61.79 ± 18.29 | 0.003 |
3mo | 45.71 ± 12.61 | 69.73 ± 17.92 | 0.001 |
1 yr | 48.89 ± 15.48 | 74.10 ± 16.97 | < 0.001 |
VAS for low back pain (%) | |||
1wk | 47.05 ± 6.88 | 57.26 ± 11.53 | 0.002 |
3mo | 45.89 ± 8.76 | 60.88 ± 11.48 | 0.001 |
1 yr | 52.40 ± 8.23 | 65.44 ± 12.96 | 0.003 |
VAS for leg pain (%) | |||
1wk | 50.88 ± 15.43 | 65.57 ± 16.47 | 0.012 |
3mo | 48.52 ± 16.03 | 69.87 ± 16.95 | 0.003 |
1 yr | 50.62 ± 20.71 | 72.26 ± 18.01 | 0.006 |
Outcome | Had revision surgery | No revision surgery | P |
ODI (%) | |||
1wk | 46.57 ± 15.68 | 60.17 ± 18.93 | 0.018 |
3mo | 46.95 ± 13.84 | 68.16 ± 18.66 | 0.006 |
1 yr | 48.32 ± 18.56 | 72.86 ± 17.09 | 0.001 |
VAS for low back pain (%) | |||
1wk | 47.03 ± 8.91 | 56.71 ± 11.29 | 0.009 |
3mo | 46.96 ± 8.68 | 59.84 ± 12.14 | 0.007 |
1 yr | 50.62 ± 9.11 | 65.12 ± 12.56 | 0.003 |
VAS for leg pain (%) | |||
1wk | 52.19 ± 17.02 | 64.49 ± 16.68 | 0.048 |
3mo | 49.53 ± 17.61 | 68.50 ± 17.55 | 0.018 |
1 yr | 48.38 ± 21.03 | 71.57 ± 18.18 | 0.011 |