Administrative information
Title {1} | Peritoneal antiseptic irrigation to prevent surgical site infection after laparotomy for hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal surgery (PAISI) |
Trial registration {2a and 2b}. | The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS on the 27.05.2022, Nr.: DRKS00028037 |
Protocol version {3} | Version 3.0, 11.05.2022 |
Funding {4} | The study is supported by a grant from the Investigator Initiated Studies Program of Mölnlycke Healthcare |
Author details {5a} | Dr. med. Tara Mueller, Prof. Dr. med. Daniel Reim, Prof. Dr. med. Alexander Novotny and Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Helmut Friess, Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany Dr. rer. nat. Victoria Kehl and Dr. rer. nat. Silvia Egert-Schwender, Münchner Studienzentrum, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany |
Name and contact information for the trial sponsor {5b} | In this study setting, investigating the effects of a routine medical procedure, there is no “trial sponsor”(according to German law). The study leadership consists of the principal initiating investigators: Dr. Tara Mueller and Prof. Daniel Reim Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich, Germany Email: tara.mueller@tum.de; daniel.reim@tum.de |
Role of sponsor {5c} | In this study setting there is no “trial sponsor” as outlined under {5b}. The study leadership has ultimate authority over study design; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; and the decision to submit the report for publication. |
Introduction
Background and rationale {6a}
Peritoneal lavage vs. no lavage
Peritoneal lavage with NaOCl/HOCl vs. saline/ringer solutions
Objectives {7}
Infection occurs within 30 days after the operation … | |
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Superficial incisional SSI (class I) | …and infection involves only skin or subcutaneous tissue and at least one of the following: 1 Purulent drainage from the superficial incision 2 Organisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture of fluid or tissue from the superficial incision. 3 At least one of the following signs or symptoms of infection: pain or tenderness, localized swelling, redness, or heat and superficial incision is deliberately opened by surgeon, unless incision is culture negative. |
Deep incisional SSI (class II) | …and infection involves deep soft tissues (fascial and muscle layers) and at least one of the following: 1 Purulent drainage from the deep incision but not from the organ/space component of the surgical site. 2 A deep incision spontaneously dehisces or is deliberately opened by a surgeon 3 And at least one of the following symptoms: fever (>38°C), localized pain, or tenderness of the incision area unless incision is culture negative. 4 An abscess or other evidence of infection involving the deep incision is found on direct examination, during reoperation, or by histopathologic or radiologic examination. |
Organ/space SSI (class III) | …and infection involves any part of the anatomy (e.g. organs or spaces), other than the incision, which was opened or manipulated during an operation and at least one of the following: 1 Purulent drainage from a drain that is placed through a stab wound into the organ/space. 2 Organisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture of fluid or tissue in the organ/space. 3 An abscess or other evidence of infection involving the organ/space that is found on direct examination, during reoperation, or by histopathologic or radiologic examination. |
…or the infection is diagnosed by the attending surgeon |
Trial design {8}
Methods: participants, interventions, and outcomes
Study setting {9}
Eligibility criteria {10}
Inclusion criteria
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Clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty surgery (LOC II–IV) according to CDC classification (Table 2)
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Elective and emergency surgery by midline or transverse laparotomy for hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal resections
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Age ≥ 18 years
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American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score ≤ 3
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Ability to understand the nature and extent of the study and to give written informed consent.
LOC | Criteria | SSI rates |
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Class I/clean | - Uninfected operative wounds - No inflammation is encountered - The respiratory, alimentary, genital, or uninfected urinary tracts are not entered. | 1–5% |
Class II/clean-contaminated | - The respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tracts are entered under controlled conditions and without unusual contamination. - No evidence of infection or major break in technique is encountered. | 3–11% |
Class III/contaminated | - Operations with major breaks in sterile technique or gross spillage from the gastrointestinal tract - Incisions in which acute, non-purulent inflammation is encountered - Outside object had contact with the wound (e.g. a bullet, knife blade). | 10–17% |
Class IV/dirty-infected | - Involve existing clinical infection - Perforated viscera - Foreign object lodged in the wound - Any wound that has been exposed to pus or faecal matter. | >27% |
Exclusion criteria
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Inability to give/understand informed consent
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ASA > 3
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Incompliance to adhere to the follow-up visit schedule or telephone interview
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Clean procedures (LOC I) according to the CDC classification or surgery without opening of the abdominal cavity
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Laparoscopic surgery
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Revision-surgery (previous abdominal surgery within the last 30 days)
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Planned re-laparotomy within 30 days
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Severe immunosuppression
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Terminal kidney failure requiring dialysis
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Concurrent abdominal wall infections
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Participation in another clinical trial that interferes with the primary or secondary outcomes of this study.
Who will take informed consent? {26a}
Additional consent provisions for collection and use of participant data and biological specimens {26b}
Interventions
Explanation for the choice of comparators {6b}
Intervention description {11a}
Criteria for discontinuing or modifying allocated interventions {11b}
Strategies to improve adherence to interventions {11c}
Relevant concomitant care permitted or prohibited during the trial {11d}
Provisions for post-trial care {30}
Outcomes {12}
Participant timeline {13}
Study period | |||||
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Inclu. | Rand. | Post-allocation | Close-out | ||
Study visit Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Timepoint | − 1–3 days | day 0) | day 5 | day 10 (+5) | day 30 (+5) |
Informed consent | X | ||||
Inclusion and exclusion criteria | X | ||||
Randomization | X | ||||
Intervention (IPI with 1500ml NaOCl/HOCl solution) | X | ||||
Control (IPI with 1500ml Ringer solution) | X | ||||
Demographical data | X | ||||
Medical history and Charlson Comorbidity Index | X | ||||
Medication with known effects on wound healing | X | ||||
Physical examination | X | ||||
Type of operation | X | ||||
Duration of operation | X | ||||
Level of contamination | X | ||||
Type and length of incision | X | ||||
Abdominal wall closure technique and suture material | X | ||||
Presence of an enterostomy | X | ||||
Use of wound edge protectors | X | ||||
Changing of gloves | X | ||||
Placement and type of-intra-abd. drains | X | ||||
Postoperative medication with known effects on wound healing | X | X | X | ||
Documentation of SSI | X | X | X | ||
Documentation of other postoperative complications (Clavien Dindo and CCI) | X | X | X | ||
Documentation of re-operation | X | X | X | ||
Documentation of postoperative intra-abd. irrigation via irrigation-suction drainage system | X | X | X | ||
Documentation of AE/SAE of special interest | X | X | X | X | |
Duration of hospital stay | X |
Sample size {14}
Recruitment {15}
Assignment of interventions: allocation
Sequence generation {16a}
Concealment mechanism {16b}
Implementation {16c}
Assignment of interventions: blinding
Who will be blinded {17a}
Procedure for unblinding if needed {17b}
Data collection and management
Plans for assessment and collection of outcomes {18a}
Screening visit
Visit 1 (inclusion)
Visit 2 (surgery/randomization)
Visit 3 to 5 (post-op days 5, 10, and 30)
Plans to promote participant retention and complete follow-up {18b}
Data management {19}
Confidentiality {27}
Plans for collection, laboratory evaluation and storage of biological specimens for genetic or molecular analysis in this trial/future use {33}
Statistical methods
Statistical methods for primary and secondary outcomes {20a}
Interim analyses {21b}
Methods for additional analyses (e.g. subgroup analyses) {20b}
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Operation-related risk factors: (a) type of surgery; (b) duration of surgery; (c) NNIS Risk Score, (d) use of wound-edge protectors; (e) intraoperative changing of gloves before skin closure; (f) presence of an enterostomy; (g) administration and timing of antibiotic prophylaxis;
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Patient-related risk factors: (g) BMI; (h) ASA score; (i) Age; (j) diabetes; (k) smoking; (l) alcohol abuse; (m) Charlson Comorbidity Index, (n) history of SSI; (o) history of radiotherapy; (p) history of chemotherapy, (q) days of hospitalization prior to surgery.