Background
Aim
Methods
Participants and data collection
Tools
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Data analysis
Results
Demographic variables
Continuous demographic variables | Mean | 95% CI | Median | IQR | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 45.7 | 45.3-46.2 | 46.0 | 38.0-53.0 | 2172 |
Weight (kg) | 72.0 | 71.3-72.8 | 68.0 | 59.0-80.9 | 2217 |
Height (cm) | 167.6 | 167.2-168.0 | 167.0 | 162.0-173.0 | 2218 |
BMI | 25.7 | 25.4-26.0 | 24.0 | 21.3-28.2 | 2208 |
Years since diagnosis | 8.7 | 8.4-9.0 | 6.0 | 3.0-12.0 | 2224 |
12 month relapse rate* | 0.71 | 0.65-0.77 | 0.0 | 0.0-1.0 | 1330 |
MSQOL Energy subscale | 43.6 | 42.7-44.5 | 44.0 | 24.0-60.0 | 2225 |
MSQOL Social function subscale | 69.7 | 68.7-70.7 | 75.0 | 50.0-91.7 | 2159 |
MSQOL Overall QOL subscale | 67.1 | 66.3-67.9 | 68.4 | 55.0-81.7 | 2181 |
MSQOL Physical Health Composite | 59.3 | 58.3-60.3 | 59.2 | 42.6-77.8 | 1877 |
MSQOL Mental Health Composite | 67.0 | 66.1-67.9 | 72.6 | 52.0-84.1 | 2136 |
Categorical variables
|
N
|
%
|
N
| ||
Gender
| 2208 | ||||
Female | 1819 | 82.4 | |||
Male | 389 | 17.6 | |||
Type of MS
| 2226 | ||||
Relapsing-remitting | 1362 | 61.2 | |||
Secondary progressive | 258 | 11.6 | |||
Primary progressive | 163 | 7.3 | |||
Benign | 94 | 4.2 | |||
Progressive relapsing | 46 | 2.1 | |||
Unsure/other | 303 | 13.6 | |||
Disease Activity* | 1263 | ||||
Decreasing | 537 | 42.5 | |||
Same | 343 | 27.2 | |||
Increasing | 383 | 30.3 | |||
Body Mass Index
| 2208 | ||||
Underweight | 92 | 4.2 | |||
Normal | 1182 | 53.5 | |||
Overweight | 510 | 23.1 | |||
Obese | 424 | 19.2 | |||
Disability
| 2223 | ||||
Low | 1219 | 54.8 | |||
Moderate | 769 | 34.6 | |||
High | 235 | 10.6 |
Continuous IPAQ measures | Median | Interquartile range | Mean | Std. deviation | Range | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total METS minutes | 1053.0 | 297.0-2719.0 | 1901.4 | 2336.8 | .0-18558.0 | 2232 |
Sitting minutes per week | 3360.0 | 2100.0-4200.0 | 3299.2 | 1602.9 | .0-8400.0 | 2125 |
IPAQ categories
|
%
|
N
| ||||
Low active | 41.3 | 922 | ||||
Moderate active | 31.7 | 707 | ||||
High active | 27.0 | 603 |
Physical activity and demographics
Disability
Level of disability | Physical activity level | ||
---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | |
Low
| 323 | 445 | 451 |
26.5%^ | 36.5%* | 37.0%* | |
Moderate
| 401 | 234 | 134 |
52.1%* | 30.4% | 17.4%^ | |
High
| 193 | 26 | 16 |
82.1%* | 11.1%^ | 6.8%^ | |
Total | 917 | 705 | 601 |
41.3% | 31.7% | 27.0% |
Gender
Age
Body Mass Index
Physical activity and outcome variables
Relapse rate
Disease activity
Quality of life
Outcome variable | Predicting variable | Adjusted R2
| Beta | SE | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical health composite
|
Intercept
|
.435 P < .001
|
61.209
|
1.832
|
<.001
|
Age | .037 | .040 | .355 | ||
Male gender
|
2.393
|
.974
|
.014
| ||
Moderate level of physical activity
|
8.331
|
.944
|
<.001
| ||
High level of physical activity
|
12.263
|
.998
|
<.001
| ||
Moderate level of disability
|
-22.172
|
.898
|
<.001
| ||
High level of disability
|
-26.950
|
1.451
|
<.001
| ||
Mental health composite
|
Intercept
|
.106 P < .001
|
51.818
|
2.125
|
<.001
|
Age
|
.341
|
.045
|
<.001
| ||
Male gender | .068 | 1.168 | .954 | ||
Moderate level of physical activity
|
6.369
|
1.097
|
<.001
| ||
High level of physical activity
|
8.175
|
1.176
|
<.001
| ||
Moderate level of disability
|
-10.699
|
1.047
|
<.001
| ||
High level of disability
|
-9.457
|
1.653
|
<.001
| ||
Energy subscale
|
Intercept
|
.167 P < .001
|
31.844
|
2.149
|
<.001
|
Age
|
.224
|
.046
|
<.001
| ||
Male gender
|
2.783
|
1.185
|
.019
| ||
Moderate level of physical activity
|
8.590
|
1.114
|
<.001
| ||
High level of physical activity
|
13.927
|
1.189
|
<.001
| ||
Moderate level of disability
|
-12.872
|
1.063
|
<.001
| ||
High level of disability
|
-9.838
|
1.672
|
<.001
| ||
Social function subscale
|
Intercept
|
.292 P < .001
|
67.104
|
2.135
|
<.001
|
Age
|
.141
|
.045
|
.002
| ||
Male gender | .784 | 1.179 | .506 | ||
Moderate level of physical activity
|
8.304
|
1.109
|
<.001
| ||
High level of physical activity
|
10.544
|
1.184
|
<.001
| ||
Moderate level of disability
|
-18.749
|
.594
|
<.001
| ||
High level of disability
|
-29.595
|
1.058
|
<.001
| ||
Overall quality of life subscale
|
Intercept
|
.196 P < .001
|
63.904
|
1.770
|
<.001
|
Age
|
.109
|
.038
|
.004
| ||
Male gender
|
-2.432
|
.977
|
.013
| ||
Moderate level of physical activity
|
6.086
|
.917
|
<.001
| ||
High level of physical activity
|
9.247
|
.976
|
<.001
| ||
Moderate level of disability
|
-11.700
|
.873
|
<.001
| ||
High level of disability
|
-15.867
|
1.372
|
<.001
|
Gender | Level of disability | Level of physical activity | Physical health composite | Mental health composite | Energy subscale | Social function subscale | Overall QOL subscale |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EMM | EMM | EMM | EMM | EMM | |||
SEa
| SEb
| SEc
| SEd
| SEe
| |||
Male | High | High | 50.6 | 66.1 | 48.9 | 55.3 | 59.8 |
1.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | |||
Moderate | 46.6 | 64.3 | 43.6 | 53.1 | 56.6 | ||
1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | |||
Low | 38.3 | 57.9 | 35.0 | 44.7 | 50.6 | ||
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | |||
Moderate | High | 55.3 | 64.9 | 45.9 | 66.1 | 64.0 | |
1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | |||
Moderate | 51.4 | 63.1 | 40.6 | 63.9 | 60.8 | ||
1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | |||
Low | 43.1 | 56.7 | 32.0 | 55.6 | 54.7 | ||
1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | |||
Low | High | 77.5 | 75.6 | 58.8 | 84.9 | 75.7 | |
1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | |||
Moderate | 73.6 | 73.8 | 53.4 | 82.6 | 72.5 | ||
1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | |||
Low | 65.3 | 67.4 | 44.9 | 74.3 | 66.4 | ||
1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | |||
Female | High | High | 48.2 | 66.0 | 46.2 | 54.5 | 62.2 |
1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.5 | |||
Moderate | 44.2 | 64.2 | 40.8 | 52.3 | 59.1 | ||
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | |||
Low | 35.9 | 57.9 | 32.2 | 44.0 | 53.0 | ||
1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | |||
Moderate | High | 53.0 | 64.8 | 43.1 | 65.4 | 66.4 | |
1.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | |||
Moderate | 49.0 | 63.0 | 37.8 | 63.1 | 63.2 | ||
0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | |||
Low | 40.7 | 56.6 | 29.2 | 54.8 | 57.2 | ||
0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | |||
Low | High | 75.1 | 75.5 | 56.0 | 84.1 | 78.1 | |
0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | |||
Moderate | 71.2 | 73.7 | 50.7 | 81.9 | 74.9 | ||
0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | |||
Low | 62.9 | 67.3 | 42.1 | 73.6 | 68.9 | ||
0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 |