Background
Methods
Chemicals
Animals
Postnatal growth and maturation development
Tissue preparation
Biochemical analyses
Statistical analysis
Results
Parameter | Group | N | Min | Max | Mean ± S.D. | Percent Change |
P valuea
|
P valueb
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Started weight (g) | Control | 10 | 14.80 | 20.00 | 17.62 ± 1.96 | 100.00 | ||
VPA | 10 | 14.90 | 18.80 | 17.47 ± 1.38 | 99.15 | 0.845 | 0.001 | |
VPA-CUR | 10 | 24.50 | 31.70 | 27.81 ± 2.82c
| 157.83 | 0.001 | ||
CUR | 10 | 15.20 | 18.20 | 16.46 ± 1.04 | 93.42 | 0.121 | ||
Final weight (g) | Control | 10 | 26.10 | 78.90 | 58.42 ± 21.45 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 17.20 | 75.40 | 42.21 ± 27.85 | 72.25 | 0.163 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 69.30 | 100.30 | 88.18 ± 12.10c
| 150.94 | 0.002 | ||
CUR | 10 | 55.60 | 70.00 | 63.22 ± 5.61 | 108.22 | 0.509 | ||
Weight Gained | Control | 10 | 11.30 | 58.90 | 40.80 ± 19.56 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | -0.30 | 60.30 | 24.74 ± 28.56 | 60.64 | 0.162 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 44.80 | 72.90 | 60.37 ± 9.80c
| 147.97 | 0.014 | ||
CUR | 10 | 40.40 | 51.80 | 46.76 ± 4.80 | 114.61 | 0.371 | ||
Brain weight (g) | Control | 10 | 1.17 | 1.61 | 1.38 ± 0.15 | 100.00 | ||
VPA | 10 | 1.12 | 1.63 | 1.31 ± 0.17 | 95.08 | 0.361 | 0.001 | |
VPA-CUR | 10 | 1.51 | 1.72 | 1.61 ± 0.06c
| 116.54 | 0.001 | ||
CUR | 10 | 1.29 | 1.59 | 1.43 ± 0.09 | 103.58 | 0.377 | ||
Opening eyes (Days) | Control | 10 | 15.00 | 16.00 | 15.30 ± 0.48 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 10.00 | 17.00 | 14.50 ± 3.21 | 94.77 | 0.454 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 14.00 | 16.00 | 15.20 ± 1.03 | 99.35 | 0.786 | ||
CUR | 10 | 11.00 | 13.00 | 12.0 0.47c
| 78.43 | 0.001 |
Parameter | Group | N | Min | Max | Mean ± S.D. | Percent Change |
P valuea
|
P valueb
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-6 (pg\ml) | Control | 10 | 4.50 | 22.29 | 12.59 ± 6.07 | 100.00 | 0.019 | |
VPA | 10 | 3.61 | 24.96 | 15.47 ± 7.56 | 122.86 | 0.360 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 4.50 | 11.61 | 7.96 ± 2.22 | 63.25 | 0.044 | ||
CUR | 10 | 3.61 | 16.95 | 9.87 ± 3.86 | 78.36 | 0.246 | ||
IFN-γ (pg\ml) | Control | 10 | 206.47 | 407.59 | 331.64 ± 87.78 | 100.00 | 0.038 | |
VPA | 10 | 152.14 | 343.25 | 249.08 ± 58.88 | 75.10 | 0.024 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 167.86 | 366.84 | 244.41 ± 69.94c
| 73.70 | 0.024 | ||
CUR | 10 | 117.82 | 359.21 | 237.26 ± 95.02c
| 71.54 | 0.033 | ||
CYP450 (ng\ml) | Control | 10 | 33.02 | 40.16 | 36.46 ± 1.79 | 100.00 | 0.085 | |
VPA | 10 | 33.85 | 42.01 | 39.11 ± 2.64 | 107.27 | 0.017 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 34.62 | 43.83 | 37.50 ± 2.82 | 102.87 | 0.335 | ||
CUR | 10 | 34.14 | 43.83 | 38.96 ± 2.92 | 106.85 | 0.033 | ||
5HT (ng\ml) | Control | 10 | 113.92 | 169.46 | 148.75 ± 15.22 | 100.00 | 0.228 | |
VPA | 10 | 109.57 | 174.05 | 140.14 ± 22.04 | 94.22 | 0.323 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 85.18 | 181.05 | 135.77 ± 32.81 | 91.28 | 0.278 | ||
CUR | 10 | 122.13 | 215.83 | 158.84 ± 30.84 | 106.78 | 0.366 | ||
Glutamine (pmol\ml) | Control | 10 | 1640.31 | 2540.39 | 2186.87 ± 302.70 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 1861.71 | 2549.07 | 2082.25 ± 216.82 | 95.22 | 0.386 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 1456.53 | 2052.73 | 1763.15 ± 165.27c
| 80.62 | 0.002 | ||
CUR | 10 | 1388.51 | 2324.78 | 1798.91 ± 274.83c
| 82.26 | 0.008 | ||
Glutamate (nmol\ml) | Control | 10 | 215.20 | 286.01 | 249.53 ± 24.68 | 100.00 | 0.002 | |
VPA | 10 | 235.78 | 283.18 | 258.51 ± 14.04 | 103.60 | 0.334 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 178.70 | 283.58 | 232.05 ± 34.97 | 92.99 | 0.213 | ||
CUR | 10 | 168.81 | 272.09 | 206.71 ± 39.12c
| 82.84 | 0.009 | ||
Glutamate/Glutamine Ratio | Control | 10 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.116 ± 0.018 | 100.00 | 0.063 | |
VPA | 10 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.125 ± 0.011 | 108.04 | 0.169 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.132 ± 0.017 | 113.83 | 0.051 | ||
CUR | 10 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.115 ± 0.016 | 99.65 | 0.963 |
Parameter | Group | N | Min | Max | Mean ± S.D. | Percent Change |
P valuea
|
P valueb
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPO (U\ml) | Control | 10 | 2.70 | 5.00 | 3.68 ± 0.84 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 3.10 | 3.90 | 3.52 ± 0.24 | 95.65 | 0.573 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 1.40 | 3.40 | 2.46 ± 0.55c
| 66.73 | 0.001 | ||
CUR | 10 | 1.40 | 3.70 | 2.56 ± 0.82c
| 69.57 | 0.007 | ||
GSSG (pg/ml) | Control | 10 | 65.00 | 125.00 | 92.50 ± 23.24 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 150.00 | 310.00 | 225.00 ± 51.91c
| 243.24 | 0.001 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 225.00 | 460.00 | 345.00 ± 81.99c
| 372.97 | 0.001 | ||
CUR | 10 | 100.00 | 180.00 | 138.50 ± 21.48 | 149.73 | 0.001 | ||
GSH (pg\ml) | Control | 10 | 7104.06 | 9134.06 | 8016.97 ± 638.64 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 3506.25 | 5417.81 | 4397.66 ± 557.53c
| 54.85 | 0.001 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 4419.06 | 6040.94 | 5099.31 ± 485.93c
| 63.61 | 0.001 | ||
CUR | 10 | 6825.00 | 9638.75 | 8190.53 ± 948.88 | 102.16 | 0.637 | ||
GSTs (mU\ml) | Control | 10 | 8.50 | 20.50 | 15.35 ± 3.98 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 11.60 | 18.40 | 13.84 ± 2.00 | 90.19 | 0.304 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 8.50 | 17.00 | 12.74 ± 2.74 | 83.00 | 0.105 | ||
CUR | 10 | 5.50 | 17.00 | 11.57 ± 3.78c
| 75.37 | 0.043 | ||
GSH/GSSG | Control | 10 | 59.15 | 140.52 | 92.59 ± 27.69 | 100.00 | 0.001 | |
VPA | 10 | 13.87 | 31.68 | 20.54 ± 5.53c
| 22.19 | 0.001 | ||
VPA-CUR | 10 | 9.61 | 22.22 | 15.64 ± 4.24c
| 16.89 | 0.001 | ||
CUR | 10 | 47.43 | 87.58 | 60.33 ± 11.63c
| 65.16 | 0.005 |
Parameters | R (Person Correlation) | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|
Started weight (g) ~ Final weight (g) | 0.641**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Started weight (g) ~ Weight Gained | 0.494**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Started weight (g) ~ Brain weight (g) | 0.652**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Started weight (g) ~ Opening eyes after (Days) | 0.313*
| 0.049 | Pa
|
Started weight (g) ~ Glutamate/Glutamin Ratio | 0.322*
| 0.043 | Pa
|
Started weight (g) ~ GSH (mmol/L) | −0.438**
| 0.005 | Nb
|
Started weight (g) ~ GSSG (pg/ml) | 0.765**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Started weight (g) ~ GSH (pg\ml) | −0.438**
| 0.005 | Nb
|
Started weight (g) ~ GSH + GSSG | -0.408**
| 0.009 | Nb
|
Started weight (g) ~ GSH/GSSG | -0.479**
| 0.002 | Nb
|
Final weight (g) ~ Weight Gained | 0.984**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Final weight (g) ~ Brain weight (g) | 0.887**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Final weight (g) ~ LPO (U\ml) | −0.371*
| 0.019 | Nb
|
Final weight (g) ~ GSSG (pg/ml) | 0.390*
| 0.013 | Pa
|
Weight Gained ~ Brain weight (g) | 0.853**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Weight Gained ~ LPO (U\ml) | −0.353*
| 0.025 | Nb
|
Brain weight (g) ~ LPO (U\ml) | −0.313*
| 0.049 | Nb
|
Brain weight (g) ~ GSSG (pg/ml) | 0.369*
| 0.019 | Pa
|
Opening eyes after (Days) ~ GSH (mmol/L) | −0.326*
| 0.04 | Nb
|
Opening eyes after (Days) ~ GSH (pg\ml) | −0.326*
| 0.04 | Nb
|
Opening eyes after (Days) ~ GSH + GSSG | -0.322*
| 0.043 | Nb
|
IL-6 (pg\ml) ~ Glutamin (pmol\ml) | 0.377*
| 0.017 | Pa
|
IL-6 (pg\ml) ~ Glutamate (nmol\ml) | 0.322*
| 0.043 | Pa
|
IL-6 (pg\ml) ~ LPO (U\ml) | 0.318*
| 0.045 | Pa
|
IFN-g (pg\ml) ~ GSTs (mU\ml) | 0.588**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
IFN-g (pg\ml) ~ Glutamin (pmol\ml) | 0.541**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
IFN-g (pg\ml) ~ Glutamate (nmol\ml) | 0.502**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
IFN-g (pg\ml) ~ LPO (U\ml) | 0.523**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
CYP450 (ng\ml) ~ GSTs (mU\ml) | −0.347*
| 0.028 | Nb
|
5HT (ng\ml) ~ GSSG (pg/ml) | −0.352*
| 0.026 | Nb
|
GSTs (mU\ml) ~ Glutamin (pmol\ml) | 0.597**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
GSTs (mU\ml) ~ Glutamate (nmol\ml) | 0.451**
| 0.004 | Pa
|
GSTs (mU\ml) ~ LPO (U\ml) | 0.650**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Glutamin (pmol\ml) ~ Glutamate (nmol\ml) | 0.635**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Glutamin (pmol\ml) ~ Glutamate/Glutamin Ratio | −0.414**
| 0.008 | Nb
|
Glutamin (pmol\ml) ~ LPO (U\ml) | 0.722**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Glutamate (nmol\ml) ~ Glutamate/Glutamin Ratio | 0.435**
| 0.005 | Pa
|
Glutamate (nmol\ml) ~ LPO (U\ml) | 0.678**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Glutamate/Glutamin Ratio ~ GSSG (pg/ml) | 0.337*
| 0.033 | Pa
|
GSH (mmol/L) ~ GSSG (pg/ml) | −0.684**
| 0.001 | Nb
|
GSH (mmol/L) ~ GSH (pg\ml) | 1.000**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
GSH (mmol/L) ~ GSH + GSSG | 0.999**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
GSH (mmol/L) ~ GSH/GSSG | 0.819**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
GSSG (pg/ml) ~ GSH (pg\ml) | −0.684**
| 0.001 | Nb
|
GSSG (pg/ml) ~ GSH + GSSG | -0.651**
| 0.001 | Nb
|
GSSG (pg/ml) ~ GSH/GSSG | -0.816**
| 0.001 | Nb
|
GSH (pg\ml) ~ GSH + GSSG | 0.999**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
GSH (pg\ml) ~ GSH/GSSG | 0.819**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
GSH + GSSG ~ GSH/GSSG | 0.803**
| 0.001 | Pa
|
Parameters | Groups | Area under the curve | Cutoff value | Sensitivity % | Specificity % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Started weight (g) | VPA | 0.600 | 18.900 | 100.0% | 40.0% |
VPA-CUR | 1.000 | 22.250 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.670 | 18.250 | 100.0% | 60.0% | |
Final weight (g) | VPA | 0.700 | 25.450 | 60.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.915 | 77.550 | 80.0% | 90.0% | |
CUR | 0.585 | 71.300 | 100.0% | 40.0% | |
Weight Gained | VPA | 0.640 | 8.700 | 60.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.800 | 60.200 | 60.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.530 | 52.700 | 100.0% | 40.0% | |
Brain weight (g) | VPA | 0.640 | 1.415 | 80.0% | 50.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.905 | 1.477 | 100.0% | 80.0% | |
CUR | 0.590 | 1.364 | 90.0% | 40.0% | |
Opening eyes after (Days) | VPA | 0.570 | 16.500 | 50.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.510 | 15.500 | 60.0% | 70.0% | |
CUR | 1.000 | 14.000 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Parameters | Groups | Area under the curve | Cutoff value | Sensitivity % | Specificity % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-6 (pg\ml) | VPA | 0.625 | 9.832 | 80.0% | 40.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.740 | 11.165 | 90.0% | 60.0% | |
CUR | 0.635 | 12.945 | 80.0% | 50.0% | |
IFN-γ (pg\ml) | VPA | 0.750 | 318.225 | 90.0% | 70.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.780 | 327.520 | 90.0% | 70.0% | |
CUR | 0.805 | 365.885 | 100.0% | 60.0% | |
CYP450 (ng\ml) | VPA | 0.790 | 37.085 | 80.0% | 80.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.590 | 37.471 | 50.0% | 90.0% | |
CUR | 0.790 | 37.630 | 80.0% | 90.0% | |
5HT (ng\ml) | VPA | 0.620 | 137.220 | 60.0% | 90.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.625 | 140.965 | 60.0% | 80.0% | |
CUR | 0.550 | 157.750 | 50.0% | 80.0% | |
GSTs (mU\ml) | VPA | 0.620 | 17.100 | 90.0% | 40.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.675 | 12.450 | 50.0% | 90.0% | |
CUR | 0.730 | 12.450 | 60.0% | 90.0% | |
Glutamin (pmol\ml) | VPA | 0.610 | 2365.295 | 90.0% | 40.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.890 | 1984.715 | 90.0% | 80.0% | |
CUR | 0.840 | 2007.865 | 90.0% | 80.0% | |
Glutamate (nmol\ml) | VPA | 0.590 | 244.955 | 90.0% | 50.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.645 | 234.870 | 70.0% | 70.0% | |
CUR | 0.810 | 213.790 | 70.0% | 100.0% | |
Glutamate/Glutamin ratio | VPA | 0.810 | 0.111 | 100.0% | 60.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.820 | 0.122 | 80.0% | 90.0% | |
CUR | 0.500 | 0.115 | 60.0% | 70.0% |
Parameters | Groups | Area under the curve | Cutoff value | Sensitivity % | Specificity % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPO (U\ml) | VPA | 0.545 | 3.250 | 90.0% | 50.0% |
VPA-CUR | 0.915 | 2.650 | 80.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.805 | 3.150 | 80.0% | 70.0% | |
GSH (mmol/L) | VPA | 1.000 | 200.350 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 1.000 | 210.320 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.570 | 278.195 | 40.0% | 90.0% | |
GSSG (pg/ml) | VPA | 1.000 | 137.500 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 1.000 | 175.000 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.935 | 117.500 | 90.0% | 90.0% | |
GSH (pg\ml) | VPA | 1.000 | 6260.938 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 1.000 | 6572.500 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.570 | 8693.594 | 40.0% | 90.0% | |
GSH + GSSG | VPA | 1.000 | 6435.938 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 1.000 | 6762.500 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.580 | 8798.594 | 40.0% | 90.0% | |
GSH/GSSG | VPA | 1.000 | 45.417 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
VPA-CUR | 1.000 | 40.685 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
CUR | 0.900 | 71.255 | 90.0% | 80.0% |