Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion of articles
Selection of studies
Assessment of risk of bias in included studies
-
Follow-up rate: less than 20 % loss to follow-up at 1 year was considered to represent low risk of bias [12, 13]. For longer follow-up, we considered 10 % loss to follow-up extra for each additional year as low risk of bias. Since reasons for loss to follow-up/non-responders were often not reported, we counted all loss to follow-up regardless of the reason.
-
Looking at independent effects: e.g. the use of a multivariable model in etiological studies or a prediction model. For example when adjustments in analyses were made for confounding factors (at least one), it was considered as low risk of bias.
Data extraction
-
Patient characteristics: age, gender, SES/education, BMI
-
Disease characteristics: radiological OA severity, comorbidities
-
Patient expectations
-
Pain
-
Function
-
Health related quality of life
-
Mental well-being
Results
Search
Risk of bias
First author, year | Follow-up (years) | Follow-up (% missing) | Looking at independent effects |
---|---|---|---|
Bethge, 2010 [14] | 1 | 28.9 | Age, gender and self-efficacy expectations |
Clement, 2011 [43] | 1 | ND | Age |
Clement, 2011 [47] | 1 | ND | Age, SF-12 scores and length of stay |
Cushnaghan, 2007 [34] | Mean 8.8 | 48 cases | Prediction model |
53 controls | |||
Davis, 2011 [35] | 5 | HHS: 28 | Age, gender, operating consultant, and a diagnosis of cancer, atherosclerotic disease, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and phlebitis |
SF-36: 32 | |||
Duivenvoorden, 2013 [15] | 1 | 31 | Age, gender, time spent on waiting list and unbalanced characteristics between study population and patients lost to follow-up |
Gandhi, 2010 [36] | Mean 3.3 | 14 at 1 year follow-up | Age, gender, BMI, SF-36 Mental Health (MH) scores, method of fixation (cemented vs uncemented), and comorbidity |
Gordon, 2014 [37] | 1 | 8 | Age, gender, Charnley classification, previous contralateral THR, and preoperative pain VAS |
Gordon, 2014 [38] | 1 | 8 | Gender, previous contralateral hip surgery, pain, and Charnley classification |
Greene, 2014 [16] | 1 | 66.7 | Bayesian model averaging with age, gender, Charnley classification, presence of comorbidities, whether the included hip was the first or second in the time interval, marital status, and education level |
Fortin, 2002 [39] | 2 | 25.7a | Age, gender, education, and comorbidity |
Haverkamp, 2013 [28] | Mean 2.3 | 18.6a | No |
Heiberg, 2013 [17] | 1 | 27.3 | Prediction model |
Ieiri, 2013 [49] | 1 and 3 | ND | Canonical correlation analysis |
Johansson, 2010 [29] | 2 | ND | No |
Judge, 2014 [19] | 1 | 30.8 | Age, sex, SF-36 mental health, comorbidities, fixed flexion, analgesic use, college education, OA in other joints, expectation of less pain, radiological K&L grade, ASA grade, years of hip pain |
Judge, 2013 [40] | each year up to 5 | 20 at 1 year, 30 at 5 year | Multivariable model |
Judge, 2012 [48] | Mean 8 | 61.3b | Prediction model |
Judge, 2011 [18] | 1 | 31.6 | Age, sex, school education, ASA grade, K&L grade, BMI, medication use |
Katz, 2012 [27] | 12 | ND | Patient age, sex, race, Medicaid eligibility, comorbidity and hospital and surgeon annual THA volume |
Kennedy, 2011 [44] | Up to 1.3 | ND | Age, gender, body mass index |
Keurentjes, 2013 [20] | 1.5–6 | 54.1a | Age, sex, Charnley Comorbidity Classification and BMI |
McHugh, 2013 [41] | 1 | 11.7 | Multivariable model |
Meding, 2000 [22] | Mean 2.7 | 11.4 at 1 year, 37.2 at 3 years, 64.8 at 5 years and 84.3 at 7 years | Age and gender |
Nikolajsen, 2006 [30] | 1–1.5 | 6.4 | No |
Nilsdotter, 2003 [42] | Mean 3.6 | 9.6 | Multivariable model |
Nilsdotter, 2002 [32] | 1 | 16.2 | No |
Nilsdotter, 2001 [31] | 1 | 11.9 | No |
Röder, 2007 [24] | Mean 4.3 | ND (registry study) | Gender, age, and follow-up year |
Rolfson, 2009 [23] | 1 | ND (registry study) | Age, gender and comorbidity |
Sadr Azodi, 2008 [25] | 3 | ND (registry study) | Age at the time of surgery, calendar period, and fixation principle |
Sarasqueta, 2012 [21] | 1 | 29 | Prediction model |
Stickles, 2001 [26] | 1 | ND (registry study) | No |
Street, 2005 [33] | 1 and 2 | ND | No |
Tanaka, 2010 [45] | 1 | ND | Age, sex, changes in the LLD, vertical ATD, femoral offset, and the horizontal and vertical position of the center of the femoral head, stage of hip OA (advanced or terminal); HHS, and the duration of OA |
Study characteristics
Prognostic factors | SF-36 | EQ-5D | SF-12 | WOMAC | OHS | HHS | Pain | Satisfaction | Walking distance | Revision | Dislocation | Other outcomesa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | Complications |
Gender | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | |
SES/education | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
Comorbidities | 4 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | |
BMI | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | Superficial infection Ascending and descending stairs |
Radiological OA severity | 3 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | Gait improvement |
Patient expectations | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Pain | 3 | - | - | 4 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
Function | 3 | - | - | 6 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 4 | - | - | Assistance from another person for ADL, flexion |
Health related quality of life | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
Mental well-being | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | HOOS |