Introduction
Methods
Participants
Tongue strength
Transducer
Measurement
Statistical methods
Results
Tongue strength |
p
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abnormal (n = 20) median (range)/ n (%) | Normal (n = 34) median (range)/ n (%) | ||||
Sex (male) | 7 | (35) | 18 | (51) | 0.26* |
Onset site (bulbar) | 13 | (65) | 6 | (18) | <0.00* |
Bulbar symptoms (presence) | 17 | (85) | 9 | (32) | <0.00* |
Bulbar signs (presence) | 15 | (75) | 5 | (15) | <0.00* |
Gastrostomy (presence) | 12 | (60) | 14 | (41) | 0.09* |
MPT (<10 sec)a
| 6 | (35) | 5 | (17) | 0.28* |
Age at diagnosis (year) | 66.0 | (20.0–80.0) | 63.5 | (40.0–79.0) | 0.52** |
Time from symptoms to diagnosis (month) | 12.0 | (6.0–60.0) | 10.0 | (4.0–60.0) | 0.70** |
Age (years) | TS (Newton) in male | TS (Newton) in female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| mean | (SD) | Cut-off valuea
|
n
| mean | (SD) | Cut-off valuea
| |
14–40 | 23 | 8.01 | (2.01) | 3.99 | 24 | 5.48 | (1.37) | 2.74 |
41–60 | 16 | 6.53 | (1.78) | 2.97 | 17 | 5.04 | (1.35) | 2.34 |
61–85 | 19 | 4.47 | (1.38) | 1.71 | 20 | 4.49 | (1.16) | 2.17 |
n
| Crude HR | (95 % CI) | Adjusted HR | (95 % CI) | Step | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 54 | 1.06 | (1.02–1.10) | 1.06 | (1.02–1.10) | 1 |
Time from symptoms to diagnosis (months) | 54 | 0.97 | (0.94–1.00) | – | – | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 25 | 1.00 | (reference) | – | – | |
Female | 29 | 1.25 | (0.69–2.26) | – | – | |
Onset site | ||||||
Spinal | 35 | 1.00 | (reference) | – | – | |
Bulbar | 19 | 2.03 | (1.09–3.77) | – | – | |
Bulbar symptoms | ||||||
No | 28 | 1.00 | (reference) | – | – | |
Yes | 26 | 1.41 | (0.78–2.53) | – | – | |
Bulbar signs | ||||||
No | 34 | 1.00 | (reference) | – | – | |
Yes | 20 | 1.41 | (0.81–2.65) | – | – | |
Gastrostomy | ||||||
No | 28 | 1.00 | (reference) | – | – | |
Yes | 26 | 1.60 | (0.87–2.94) | – | – | |
MPT | ||||||
>10 s | 29 | 1.00 | (reference) | – | – | |
≤10 s | 17 | 1.40 | (0.69–2.83) | – | – | |
TS | 2 | |||||
Normal | 34 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) | |
Abnormal | 20 | 2.21 | (1.20–4.08) | 2.60 | (1.39–4.87) |