Introduction
Purpose
Materials and methods
Participants
Evaluation of measurement properties
Measurement properties
Reliability
Validity
Responsiveness
Interpretability
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | |
---|---|
Age, mean (SD), year | 32.4 (12.4) |
Gender, n (%) | |
Male | 141 (63.5) |
Female | 81 (36.5) |
BMI, mean (SD) | 24.6 (4.4) |
Post-operative, n (%) | 184 (82.9) |
Non-operative, n (%) | 38 (17.1) |
Side, n (%) | |
Left | 103 (46.4) |
Right | 100 (45.0) |
Bilateral | 19 (8.6) |
Injury mechanism, n (%) | |
Contact | 44 (17.5) |
Noncontact | 153 (60.7) |
Unclear | 55 (21.8) |
Concomitant Injury, n (%) | |
Meniscus | 120 (64.2) |
Articular cartilage | 55 (29.4) |
Other ligaments | 12 (6.4) |
Missing data
Reliability
Measurement properties | TSK-J |
---|---|
Cronbach’s alpha, n = 222 (95% CI) | 0.79 (0.76 to 0.83) |
ICC 2,1, n = 43 (95% CI) | 0.90 (0.81 to 0.95) |
Baseline score, Mean (SD) | 39.7 (6.75) |
Retest score, Mean (SD) | 38.4 (6.11) |
P value | 0.3426 |
95% CI | −1.44 to 4.09 |
SEM, n = 43 | 2.75 |
Validity
Content validity
Characteristics | |
---|---|
Measurement aim | Quantifying pain, fear avoidance, fear of re-injury during movement because of a previous injury [23]. |
Target population | |
Concept | TSK has commonly been used for patients with ACL injury to evaluate psychological factors. |
Criterion validity
IKDC-SKF | VAS-Sports | JACL-25 | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TSK-J, r | −0.49 | − 0.48 | 0.48 | < 0.001 |
IKDC-SKF, r | – | 0.80 | −0.87 | < 0.001 |
JACL-25, r | −0.87 | −0.82 | – | < 0.001 |
Construct validity
TSK-J | IKDC-SKF | JACL-25 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-surgery, mean (SD), n = 18 | 39.3 (8.6) | 65.7 (16.7) | 64.1 (25.6) | |
Post-surgery, mean (SD), n = 18 | 38.1 (4.9) | 70.6 (13.8) | 51.0 (24.2) | |
ESa, Cohen’s d (95% CI), n = 18 | 0.2 (−0.50 to 0.85) | 0.3 (−0.36 to 1.00) | 0.5 (− 0.16 to 1.21) | |
Following Time, r, n = 97 | −0.12 | 0.62 | −0.62 | |
AUC, n = 72 | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.7 | |
P Value | NS | 0.004 | 0.015 |
Responsiveness
Interpretability
Characteristic | n | TSK-J |
---|---|---|
PGIC, mean change (SD) | ||
Very much worse | – | – |
Much worse | – | – |
Minimally worse | 4 | − 2.5 (1.7) |
No change | 17 | 0.5 (5.6) |
Minimally improved | 16 | −0.8 (4.3) |
Much improved | 29 | 0.4 (6.7) |
Very much improved | 10 | −3.8 (5.8) |
Baseline mean (SD) | 76 | 39.3 (7.3) |
Repeat mean (SD) | 76 | 38.8 (7.0) |
MIC | 16 | −0.8 |
MID | 33 | −1.3 |
SDCind | 43 | 7.6 |
SDCgro | 43 | 1.2 |
Ceiling effect (%) | 222 | 0 |
Floor effect (%) | 222 | 0 |
Discussion
Item No. | Correlation between TSK-J total score, r |
---|---|
Q01 | 0.68 |
Q02 | 0.64 |
Q03 | 0.72 |
Q04 | 0.27 |
Q05 | 0.42 |
Q06 | 0.59 |
Q07 | 0.61 |
Q08 | 0.20 |
Q09 | 0.69 |
Q10 | 0.61 |
Q11 | 0.67 |
Q12 | 0.57 |
Q13 | 0.50 |
Q14 | 0.71 |
Q15 | 0.66 |
Q16 | 0.05* |
Q17 | 0.38 |