Background
Methods
Participants
Measures
Correlations between change scores
Hypotheses with similar constructs
Hypotheses with distinct constructs
Data analysis
Results
Descriptive statistics of the participants
Descriptive statistics of the IWPQ scales and the other constructs
T0 | T2 | Change score | |
---|---|---|---|
(baseline) | (12 months) | T2-T0 | |
n = 412 | n = 260 | n = 260 | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SDchange) | |
IWPQ (0–4)
| |||
Task performance | 2.46 (0.68) | 2.63 (0.66) | 0.17 (0.70) |
Contextual performance | 2.34 (0.71) | 2.39 (0.79) | 0.04 (0.69) |
Counterproductive work behaviour | 1.23 (0.65) | 1.16 (0.66) | -0.07 (0.64) |
Similar constructs
| |||
Presenteeism (0–100) | 76.58 (8.76) | 75.87 (10.62) | -0.79 (11.51) |
Job satisfaction (1–5) | 3.96 (0.73) | 3.85 (0.75) | -0.11 (0.80) |
Work engagement (1–7) | 4.91 (0.85) | 4.84 (0.93) | -0.07 (0.71) |
Work ability (1–10) | 7.79 (1.42) | 7.70 (1.57) | -0.08 (1.56) |
Performance rating by the manager (1–5) | 3.41 (0.81) | 3.46 (0.81) | 0.06 (0.81) |
Self-rated work quality (1–5) | 3.83 (0.79) | 3.63 (0.87) | -0.20 (0.95) |
Self-rated work quantity (1–5) | 3.87 (0.83) | 3.74 (0.92) | -0.12 (0.95) |
Distinct constructs
| |||
Need for recovery (0–100) | 32.20 (29.26) | 27.78 (28.71) | -2.40 (23.70) |
Physical activity (min/week) | |||
- Light | 1810.10 (1363.68) | 1603.23 (1618.94) | -199.40 (1785.64) |
- Moderate | 281.81 (254.19) | 350.94 (633.98) | 72.66 (629.00) |
- Vigorous | 83.53 (160.15) | 99.79 (272.90) | 9.40 (266.15) |
General health (1–5) | 3.35 (0.85) | 3.37 (0.84) | 0.79 (1.53) |
Vitality (0–100) | 64.08 (18.84) | 65.72 (17.97) | 1.87 (15.17) |
Exhaustion (1–4) | 2.15 (0.48) | 2.15 (0.46) | 0.04 (0.40) |
Sickness absenteeism (workdays absent per year) | 7.55 (21.81) | 7.37 (20.91) | 0.55 (25.03) |
Correlations between change scores
IWPQ scale | |||
---|---|---|---|
Task performance | Contextual performance | Counterproductive work behaviour | |
Similar constructs
| |||
Presenteeism | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.50 – -0.30 |
O: 0.18 | O: 0.22 | O: -0.11 | |
Job satisfaction | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.50 – -0.30 |
O: 0.12 | O: 0.17 | O: -0.24 | |
Work engagement | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.50 – -0.30 |
O: 0.19 | O: 0.29 | O: -0.23 | |
Work ability | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.50 – -0.30 |
O: 0.16 | O: 0.26 | O: -0.23 | |
Performance rating by the manager | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.20 – 0.20 |
O: 0.16 | O: 0.22 | O: -0.02* | |
Work quality | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.20 – 0.20 |
O: 0.20 | O: 0.18 | O: -0.06* | |
Work quantity | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: 0.30 – 0.50 | E: -0.20 – 0.20 |
O: 0.11 | O: 0.19 | O: 0.02* | |
Distinct constructs
| |||
Need for recovery | E: -0.30 – -0.20 | E: -0.30 – -0.20 | E: 0.20 – 0.30 |
O: -0.15 | O: -0.11 | O: 0.16 | |
Physical activity | E: 0.20 – 0.30 | E: 0.20 – 0.30 | E: -0.30 – -0.20 |
- Light | O: -0.09 | O: -0.04 | O: -0.07 |
- Moderate | O: 0.03 | O: 0.03 | O: -0.07 |
- Vigorous | O: -0.05 | O: 0.00 | O: -0.04 |
General health | E: 0.20 – 0.30 | E: 0.20 – 0.30 | E: -0.30 – -0.20 |
O: -0.07 | O: 0.08 | O: 0.02 | |
Vitality | E: 0.20 – 0.30 | E: 0.20 – 0.30 | E: -0.30 – -0.20 |
O: 0.23* | O: 0.29* | O: -0.03 | |
Exhaustion | : -0.30 – -0.20 | E: -0.30 – -0.20 | E: 0.20 – 0.30 |
O: -0.23* | O: -0.13 | O: 0.23* | |
Sickness absenteeism | E: -0.20 – 0.20 | E: -0.20 – 0.20 | E: -0.20 – 0.20 |
O: -0.14* | O: -0.08* | O: -0.09* | |
Hypotheses:
| |||
Confirmed | 23% | 15% | 38% |
In the right direction | 85% | 92% | 92% |
Magnitude of change
IWPQ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Task performance | Contextual performance | Counterproductive work behaviour | |||
Mean change | Mean change | Mean change | |||
T0-T2 | n | (SDchange) | (SDchange) | (SDchange) | |
Similar constructs
| |||||
Presenteeism | Decreased | 62 | -0.07 (0.83) | -0.16 (0.73) | 0.09 (0.67) |
Increased | 61 | 0.18 (0.57) | 0.23 (0.71) | -0.08 (0.71) | |
Job satisfaction | Decreased | 56 | 0.07 (0.84) | -0.17 (0.87) | 0.21 (0.81) |
Increased | 36 | 0.24 (0.66) | 0.16 (0.62) | -0.42 (0.58) | |
Work engagement | Decreased | 19 | -0.16 (1.09) | -0.30 (0.79) | 0.26 (0.77) |
Increased | 12 | 0.27 (0.94) | 0.21 (0.73) | -0.23 (0.62) | |
Work ability | Decreased | 77 | 0.04 (0.71) | -0.17 (0.70) | -0.07 (0.69) |
Increased | 78 | 0.32 (0.75) | 0.24 (0.71) | -0.15 (0.66) | |
Performance rating by the manager | Decreased | 39 | -0.07 (0.62) | -0.19 (0.63) | -0.08 (0.62) |
Increased | 52 | 0.20 (0.81) | 0.19 (0.70) | -0.08 (0.69) | |
Self-rated work quality | Decreased | 78 | -0.01 (0.80) | -0.14 (0.74) | -0.04 (0.74) |
Increased | 43 | 0.33 (0.67) | 0.23 (0.73) | -0.07 (0.61) | |
Self-rated work quantity | Decreased | 64 | 0.10 (0.79) | -0.09 (0.80) | -0.14 (0.72) |
Increased | 52 | 0.24 (0.57) | 0.15 (0.65) | -0.11 (0.52) | |
Distinct constructs
| |||||
Need for recovery | Decreased | 111 | 0.27 (0.65) | 0.12 (0.65) | -0.11 (0.63) |
Increased | 91 | 0.10 (0.76) | -0.07 (0.82) | 0.02 (0.70) | |
Physical activity | Decreased | 79 | 0.23 (0.77) | 0.09 (0.70) | 0.03 (0.62) |
Increased | 181 | 0.15 (0.66) | 0.02 (0.68) | -0.11 (0.64) | |
General health | Decreased | 36 | 0.44 (0.74) | -0.07 (0.77) | -0.26 (0.70) |
Increased | 114 | 0.15 (0.63) | 0.09 (0.68) | -0.09 (0.58) | |
Vitality | Decreased | 95 | 0.03 (0.75) | -0.16 (0.68) | -0.02 (0.65) |
Increased | 108 | 0.30 (0.67) | 0.18 (0.66) | -0.10 (0.66) | |
Exhaustion | Decreased | 4 | 0.30 (0.99) | 0.49 (0.43) | -0.70 (1.09) |
Increased | 7 | -0.34 (0.91) | 0.29 (0.74) | 0.43 (0.76) | |
Absenteeism | Decreased | 84 | 0.25 (0.71) | 0.08 (0.68) | -0.05 (0.67) |
Increased | 73 | 0.06 (0.66) | -0.08 (0.70) | -0.13 (0.62) |