Background
Methods
Data source
Measures
Tobacco use
Mental illness
Indicators of socioeconomic status
Household income
Education
Ever been homeless
Ever been in gaol, prison or correctional facility
Registered marital status
Tenure type
Financial difficulties
Labour force status
Occupation of main job
Family composition of household
Main source of income
Relative socio-economic disadvantage
Weighted estimates and standard errors
Results
Mental illness, indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage, and current smoking
Parameter | Proportion of population | Current smokers | 12-month mental illness | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percent | 95% CI | Percent | 95% CI | Percent | 95% CI | |
Quintiles of household income—
| ||||||
Lowest quintile | 16.8 | 15.7 - 17.8 | 24.4 | 22.0 - 26.8 | 23.6 | 20.9 - 26.3 |
Second quintile | 17.0 | 15.7 - 18.3 | 23.1 | 19.5 - 26.7 | 20.0 | 17.0 - 23.1 |
Third quintile | 17.0 | 15.8 - 18.2 | 21.9 | 18.5 - 25.3 | 21.3 | 18.0 - 24.5 |
Fourth quintile | 16.8 | 15.7 - 18.0 | 22.2 | 19.5 - 25.0 | 17.7 | 14.4 - 20.9 |
Highest quintile | 17.0 | 15.9 - 18.1 | 18.4 | 15.4 - 21.4 | 17.9 | 14.9 - 20.9 |
Not stated | 15.4 | 14.2 - 16.6 | 23.7 | 19.3 - 28.2 | 19.3 | 15.8 - 22.8 |
χ2 = 8.19, p = 0.15 | χ2 = 23.2, p = 0.010 | |||||
Quintiles of relative socioeconomic disadvantage—
| ||||||
Lowest quintile | 16.7 | 14.6 - 18.8 | 29.6 | 26.1 - 33.1 | 21.4 | 18.4 - 24.4 |
Second quintile | 18.5 | 16.1 - 20.9 | 26.8 | 23.8 - 29.9 | 20.9 | 18.5 - 23.2 |
Third quintile | 20.0 | 17.7 - 22.3 | 21.8 | 19.1 - 24.5 | 21.3 | 18.0 - 24.7 |
Fourth quintile | 21.8 | 19.1 - 24.5 | 19.8 | 17.2 - 22.3 | 21.2 | 18.7 - 23.7 |
Highest quintile | 23.0 | 20.8 - 25.2 | 16.1 | 13.2 - 19.0 | 15.9 | 13.1 - 18.6 |
χ2 = 53.5, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 19.8, p = 0.011 | |||||
Education—
| ||||||
Bachelor degree or higher | 20.0 | 19.4 - 20.5 | 13.4 | 10.8 - 16.0 | 16.9 | 14.7 - 19.2 |
Diploma | 8.5 | 8.1 - 8.9 | 21.4 | 16.6 - 26.2 | 21.9 | 17.9 - 25.8 |
Certificate I/II/III/IV | 25.4 | 24.4 - 26.3 | 24.8 | 22.0 - 27.6 | 20.2 | 17.9 - 22.4 |
Year 12 | 14.4 | 13.4 - 15.5 | 22.2 | 18.8 - 25.6 | 22.4 | 19.2 - 25.5 |
Year 11 | 6.7 | 5.9 - 7.4 | 25.7 | 20.1 - 31.3 | 20.9 | 16.4 - 25.5 |
Year 10 | 13.6 | 12.6 - 14.6 | 26.8 | 23.0 - 30.5 | 21.9 | 17.7 - 26.0 |
Year 9 or below | 11.4 | 10.6 - 12.2 | 25.5 | 22.2 - 28.9 | 17.6 | 14.4 - 20.7 |
χ2 = 50.4, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 24.4, p = 0.017 | |||||
Whether ever been homeless—
| ||||||
Yes | 3.0 | 2.6 - 3.5 | 61.0 | 53.3 - 68.8 | 53.6 | 45.7 - 61.5 |
No | 97.0 | 96.5 - 97.4 | 21.1 | 19.7 - 22.4 | 18.9 | 17.9 - 20.0 |
χ2 = 136.2, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 253.5, p < 0.001 | |||||
Whether ever in gaol, prison or correctional facility—
| ||||||
Yes | 2.4 | 2.0 - 2.8 | 64.9 | 55.1 - 74.8 | 41.1 | 30.6 - 51.6 |
No | 97.6 | 97.2 - 98.0 | 21.2 | 19.9 - 22.6 | 19.4 | 18.4 - 20.5 |
χ2 = 99.3, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 50.8, p < 0.001 | |||||
Registered marital status—
| ||||||
Never married | 32.5 | 31.3 - 33.7 | 30.9 | 28.6 - 33.2 | 27.9 | 25.7 - 30.0 |
Married | 53.0 | 51.7 - 54.4 | 15.5 | 13.5 - 17.5 | 14.5 | 12.6 - 16.3 |
Widowed | 4.5 | 4.2 - 4.9 | 13.3 | 10.0 - 16.6 | 16.7 | 12.0 - 21.4 |
Divorced | 7.5 | 6.8 - 8.2 | 32.3 | 27.2 - 37.4 | 22.6 | 18.6 - 26.6 |
Separated | 2.5 | 2.1 - 2.9 | 39.5 | 32.5 - 46.6 | 31.8 | 25.5 - 38.1 |
χ2 = 193.5, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 164.9, p < 0.001 | |||||
Tenure type—
| ||||||
Owner without a mortgage | 32.5 | 30.8 - 34.1 | 13.7 | 12.0 - 15.3 | 14.7 | 13.1 - 16.4 |
Owner with a mortgage | 39.9 | 38.3 - 41.5 | 21.1 | 19.1 - 23.2 | 20.3 | 18.0 - 22.5 |
Renter | 24.7 | 23.2 - 26.1 | 34.9 | 32.0 - 37.8 | 26.5 | 24.1 - 28.8 |
Other | 2.9 | 2.5 - 3.4 | 26.2 | 19.0 - 33.5 | 19.1 | 12.6 - 25.6 |
χ2 = 178.5, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 96.3, p < 0.001 | |||||
Financial difficulties—
| ||||||
Yes | 14.5 | 13.4 - 15.6 | 39.8 | 35.3 - 44.2 | 39.1 | 35.3 - 42.8 |
No | 85.5 | 84.4 - 86.6 | 19.3 | 18.0 - 20.7 | 16.7 | 15.5 - 17.9 |
χ2 = 101.3, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 172.9, p < 0.001 | |||||
Labour force status—
| ||||||
Employed | 65.2 | 64.8 - 65.6 | 23.4 | 21.7 - 25.1 | 20.3 | 18.7 - 21.8 |
Unemployed | 2.6 | 2.5 - 2.7 | 50.8 | 38.9 - 62.6 | 29.4 | 20.3 - 38.4 |
Not in the labour force | 32.2 | 31.8 - 32.5 | 17.6 | 15.6 - 19.7 | 18.6 | 16.9 - 20.3 |
χ2 = 54.7, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 23.9, p < 0.001 | |||||
Occupation of main job—
| ||||||
Managers | 8.9 | 8.0 - 9.9 | 17.6 | 14.4 - 20.8 | 18.7 | 14.9 - 22.4 |
Professionals | 13.2 | 12.2 - 14.3 | 13.9 | 10.8 - 17.0 | 18.6 | 15.4 - 21.8 |
Technicians and Trades Workers | 9.2 | 8.3 - 10.1 | 28.9 | 23.7 - 34.2 | 21.1 | 16.2 - 25.9 |
Community & Personal Services | 6.0 | 5.4 - 6.7 | 24.9 | 19.8 - 30.0 | 22.5 | 17.0 - 28.1 |
Clerical and Administrative Workers | 10.0 | 9.1 - 11.0 | 23.7 | 19.4 - 28.1 | 22.0 | 18.6 - 25.3 |
Sales Workers | 6.4 | 5.6 - 7.2 | 20.7 | 15.3 - 26.1 | 20.8 | 16.2 - 25.4 |
Machinery Operators And Drivers | 3.9 | 3.2 - 4.6 | 34.4 | 26.9 - 41.8 | 19.1 | 11.9 - 26.2 |
Labourers | 7.1 | 6.3 - 7.9 | 36.6 | 30.8 - 42.5 | 20.6 | 15.2 - 25.9 |
Not applicable | 35.3 | 34.9 - 35.7 | 20.1 | 18.0 - 22.1 | 19.3 | 17.7 - 21.0 |
χ2 = 89.9, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 32.6, p = 0.008 | |||||
Family composition of household—
| ||||||
Couple with dependent children | 33.4 | 32.1 - 34.7 | 17.6 | 15.0 - 20.2 | 18.7 | 16.1 - 21.3 |
One parent with dependent children | 4.7 | 4.1 - 5.2 | 30.7 | 25.0 - 36.4 | 33.8 | 26.9 - 40.7 |
Couple only | 27.3 | 26.5 - 28.0 | 16.7 | 15.1 - 18.3 | 14.4 | 13.0 - 15.9 |
Other one family households | 14.5 | 13.1 - 15.9 | 33.0 | 28.4 - 37.6 | 23.5 | 18.8 - 28.2 |
Multiple family households | 2.9 | 2.3 - 3.5 | 29.0 | 17.1 - 40.9 | 22.1 | 12.2 - 32.1 |
Lone person household | 13.2 | 12.9 - 13.4 | 25.1 | 23.0 - 27.1 | 22.8 | 21.0 - 24.5 |
Group household | 4.1 | 3.3 - 4.9 | 37.0 | 27.6 - 46.4 | 28.5 | 19.8 - 37.3 |
χ2 = 95.9, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 57.7, p < 0.001 | |||||
Main source of income—
| ||||||
Employee cash income | 55.5 | 54.5 - 56.6 | 23.6 | 21.6 - 25.5 | 20.5 | 19.0 - 22.0 |
Unincorporated business cash income | 5.7 | 4.9 - 6.5 | 19.3 | 13.6 - 25.0 | 16.2 | 11.2 - 21.2 |
Government pensions and allowances | 22.5 | 21.7 - 23.2 | 24.9 | 22.0 - 27.8 | 23.1 | 21.0 - 25.2 |
Other cash income | 10.3 | 9.2 - 11.3 | 13.9 | 10.1 - 17.7 | 14.8 | 11.1 - 18.5 |
None of the above | 6.0 | 5.3 - 6.7 | 17.5 | 12.4 - 22.6 | 15.7 | 10.8 - 20.6 |
χ2 = 23.4, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 44.6, p < 0.001 |
Combined association of mental illness and socioeconomic status
Parameter | 12 month mental illness | Lifetime mental illness | No mental illness | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percent | 95% CI | Percent | 95% CI | Percent | 95% CI | |
Quintiles of household income—
| ||||||
Lowest quintile | 39.5 | 32.8 - 46.2 | 32.0 | 25.2 - 38.7 | 14.4 | 11.4 - 17.3 |
Second quintile | 40.6 | 31.2 - 50.0 | 28.0 | 21.0 - 34.9 | 14.5 | 11.0 - 18.0 |
Third quintile | 35.9 | 27.7 - 44.0 | 26.6 | 20.4 - 32.8 | 14.4 | 10.9 - 17.8 |
Fourth quintile | 31.7 | 23.5 - 39.9 | 31.9 | 26.4 - 37.5 | 14.2 | 11.1 - 17.3 |
Highest quintile | 29.6 | 21.8 - 37.4 | 26.8 | 18.9 - 34.7 | 9.6 | 7.0 - 12.1 |
Not stated | 38.2 | 29.1 - 47.3 | 35.4 | 20.4 - 50.5 | 14.7 | 10.4 - 19.0 |
χ2 = 5.83, p = 0.320 | χ2 = 3.60, p = 0.612 | χ2 = 7.09, p = 0.218 | ||||
Quintiles of relative socioeconomic disadvantage—
| ||||||
Lowest quintile | 44.9 | 36.4 - 53.4 | 38.1 | 30.1 - 46.0 | 18.9 | 14.9 - 22.9 |
Second quintile | 45.1 | 37.3 - 53.0 | 32.2 | 26.3 - 38.2 | 16.5 | 13.1 - 20.0 |
Third quintile | 36.7 | 28.7 - 44.7 | 29.2 | 21.6 - 36.8 | 12.1 | 9.1 - 15.2 |
Fourth quintile | 29.4 | 22.8 - 36.1 | 25.1 | 19.5 - 30.7 | 13.5 | 10.1 - 17.0 |
Highest quintile | 26.0 | 18.0 - 34.0 | 26.1 | 17.8 - 34.3 | 9.6 | 7.2 - 12.0 |
χ2 = 19.4, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 8.58, p = 0.072 | χ2 = 20.4, p < 0.001 | ||||
Education—
| ||||||
Bachelor degree or higher | 23.5 | 16.7 - 30.3 | 18.4 | 11.8 - 25.0 | 7.7 | 5.4 - 10.1 |
Diploma | 38.5 | 26.3 - 50.7 | 25.2 | 12.1 - 38.3 | 12.9 | 7.9 - 17.8 |
Certificate I/II/III/IV | 39.4 | 32.7 - 46.0 | 32.7 | 27.4 - 38.1 | 14.7 | 11.2 - 18.2 |
Year 12 | 29.0 | 21.8 - 36.2 | 31.7 | 19.4 - 44.0 | 15.9 | 11.5 - 20.3 |
Year 11 | 44.0 | 29.6 - 58.3 | 29.8 | 17.1 - 42.4 | 16.7 | 9.5 - 24.0 |
Year 10 | 41.8 | 31.5 - 52.1 | 39.7 | 30.2 - 49.1 | 15.2 | 11.3 - 19.0 |
Year 9 or below | 45.0 | 33.4 - 56.7 | 35.9 | 26.6 - 45.1 | 15.7 | 12.1 - 19.3 |
χ2 = 19.0, p = 0.004 | χ2 = 17.4, p = 0.008 | χ2 = 17.2, p = 0.008 | ||||
Whether ever been homeless—
| ||||||
Yes | 63.6 | 51.6 - 75.7 | 67.7 | 58.1 - 77.3 | 31.5 | 12.5 - 50.5 |
No | 33.7 | 30.1 - 37.4 | 28.2 | 24.8 - 31.6 | 13.5 | 12.1 - 15.0 |
χ2 = 23.6, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 61.8, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 7.2, p = 0.007 | ||||
Whether ever in gaol, prison or correctional facility—
| ||||||
Yes | 80.0 | 70.1 - 89.9 | 63.3 | 46.6 - 80.1 | 35.5 | 5.9 - 65.0 |
No | 33.9 | 30.4 - 37.4 | 28.5 | 25.1 - 32.0 | 13.5 | 12.1 - 14.9 |
χ2 = 67.5, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 19.0, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 5.75, p = 0.016 | ||||
Registered marital status—
| ||||||
Never married | 46.3 | 41.4 - 51.3 | 40.5 | 33.9 - 47.1 | 17.4 | 15.1 - 19.8 |
Married | 25.0 | 19.2 - 30.8 | 22.2 | 17.4 - 27.0 | 10.3 | 8.6 - 12.0 |
Widowed | 16.1 | 3.5 - 28.8 | 19.0 | 9.2 - 28.9 | 10.8 | 8.2 - 13.5 |
Divorced | 37.5 | 28.2 - 46.8 | 40.1 | 30.3 - 49.8 | 23.6 | 16.1 - 31.0 |
Separated | 44.4 | 35.2 - 53.6 | 38.0 | 22.5 - 53.5 | 36.6 | 24.4 - 48.8 |
χ2 = 55.3, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 39.7, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 79.7, p < 0.001 | ||||
Tenure type—
| ||||||
Owner without a mortgage | 26.8 | 20.2 - 33.5 | 20.7 | 15.9 - 25.5 | 8.2 | 6.5 - 9.9 |
Owner with a mortgage | 30.9 | 25.1 - 36.6 | 27.0 | 21.7 - 32.4 | 14.6 | 12.1 - 17.1 |
Renter | 48.2 | 42.8 - 53.5 | 43.0 | 35.2 - 50.9 | 21.6 | 17.9 - 25.4 |
Other | 52.8 | 31.0 - 74.6 | 28.7 | 17.7 - 39.8 | 16.6 | 9.4 - 23.9 |
χ2 = 31.3, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 33.7, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 55.7, p < 0.001 | ||||
Financial difficulties—
| ||||||
Yes | 50.1 | 43.7 - 56.6 | 41.9 | 35.2 - 48.7 | 25.8 | 18.1 - 33.5 |
No | 30.7 | 26.6 - 34.7 | 27.6 | 23.8 - 31.4 | 12.5 | 11.2 - 13.8 |
χ2 = 27.9 p < 0.001 | χ2 = 14.4, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 20.9, p < 0.001 | ||||
Labour force status—
| ||||||
Employed | 36.0 | 31.6 - 40.5 | 30.4 | 26.9 - 34.0 | 14.9 | 12.8 - 16.9 |
Unemployed | 57.8 | 40.2 - 75.3 | 74.3 | 44.8 - 100.0 | 31.1 | 18.8 - 43.4 |
Not in the labour force | 33.7 | 26.9 - 40.5 | 23.7 | 19.4 - 27.9 | 10.5 | 8.8 - 12.1 |
χ2 = 6.21, p = 0.045 | χ2 = 23.2, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 27.6, p < 0.001 | ||||
Occupation of main job—
| ||||||
Managers | 26.3 | 16.3 - 36.4 | 20.4 | 14.7 - 26.1 | 12.9 | 8.6 - 17.1 |
Professionals | 21.9 | 13.6 - 30.2 | 21.0 | 12.3 - 29.7 | 7.6 | 5.2 - 10.1 |
Technicians and Trades Workers | 44.7 | 34.8 - 54.5 | 36.9 | 26.4 - 47.4 | 17.5 | 11.8 - 23.3 |
Community and Personal Services | 39.3 | 26.4 - 52.3 | 21.8 | 13.0 - 30.7 | 20.2 | 12.9 - 27.5 |
Clerical and Administrative Workers | 33.3 | 22.9 - 43.8 | 35.3 | 23.5 - 47.1 | 13.2 | 8.8 - 17.6 |
Sales Workers | 38.4 | 25.1 - 51.7 | 19.8 | 9.5 - 30.0 | 14.9 | 7.9 - 21.9 |
Machinery Operators And Drivers | 39.0 | 17.4 - 60.6 | 41.5 | 27.9 - 55.2 | 27.2 | 17.3 - 37.2 |
Labourers | 55.9 | 45.3 - 66.4 | 53.9 | 41.4 - 66.3 | 20.1 | 11.7 - 28.5 |
Not applicable | 36.7 | 30.5 - 42.8 | 28.0 | 22.5 - 33.5 | 11.6 | 9.8 - 13.4 |
χ2 = 26.7, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 42.1, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 36.5, p < 0.001 | ||||
Family composition of household—
| ||||||
Couple with dependent children | 32.9 | 25.9 - 40.0 | 23.5 | 18.3 - 28.7 | 10.2 | 7.7 - 12.7 |
One parent with dependent children | 36.0 | 25.4 - 46.6 | 32.4 | 20.4 - 44.4 | 25.0 | 16.2 - 33.9 |
Couple only | 27.9 | 21.7 - 34.2 | 24.2 | 20.8 - 27.6 | 10.3 | 8.7 - 12.0 |
Other one family households | 44.8 | 33.6 - 56.1 | 44.8 | 33.6 - 56.0 | 21.7 | 16.1 - 27.3 |
Multiple family households | 38.4 | 15.5 - 61.2 | 40.5 | 1.6 - 79.3 | 20.3 | 9.1 - 31.5 |
Lone person household | 38.2 | 34.2 - 42.3 | 33.8 | 29.2 - 38.5 | 15.1 | 13.0 - 17.1 |
Group household | 49.9 | 34.2 - 65.6 | 39.6 | 13.1 - 66.1 | 25.3 | 14.6 - 36.0 |
χ2 = 14.3, p = 0.030 | χ2 = 20.3, p = 0.002 | χ2 = 55.0, p < 0.001 | ||||
Main source of income—
| ||||||
Employee cash income | 35.7 | 31.3 - 40.2 | 31.3 | 26.9 - 35.7 | 15.0 | 12.8 - 17.3 |
Unincorporated business cash income | 31.9 | 16.3 - 47.6 | 23.1 | 9.9 - 36.4 | 12.1 | 7.7 - 16.5 |
Government pensions & allowances | 43.4 | 36.9 - 49.9 | 32.9 | 25.6 - 40.2 | 13.1 | 10.5 - 15.6 |
Other cash income | 25.8 | 11.4 - 40.2 | 19.7 | 10.6 - 28.9 | 9.0 | 5.7 - 12.4 |
None of the above | 22.1 | 8.8 - 35.4 | 28.4 | 9.6 - 47.1 | 13.4 | 7.8 - 19.1 |
χ2 = 10.7, p = 0.030 | χ2 = 5.39, p = 0.250 | χ2 = 8.4, p = 0.079 |
Factors associated with current smoking
Parameter | Univariate odds ratios (a) | Multivariate odds ratios (b) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
Mental health status—
| ||||
12 month disorder | 3.26 | 2.69 - 3.95 | 2.43 | 1.97 - 3.01 |
Lifetime disorder | 2.52 | 2.04 - 3.12 | 2.15 | 1.72 - 2.70 |
No mental illness | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Quintiles of household income—
| ||||
Lowest quintile | 2.29 | 1.76 - 3.00 | (c) | |
Second quintile | 1.64 | 1.22 - 2.21 | ||
Third quintile | 1.36 | 1.02 - 1.81 | ||
Fourth quintile | 1.28 | 0.99 - 1.65 | ||
Highest quintile | 1.00 | |||
Not stated | 1.56 | 1.14 - 2.13 | ||
Quintiles of relative socioeconomic disadvantage—
| ||||
Lowest quintile | 2.26 | 1.72 - 2.96 | 1.23 | 0.92 - 1.63 |
Second quintile | 2.01 | 1.51 - 2.67 | 1.27 | 0.97 - 1.68 |
Third quintile | 1.46 | 1.17 - 1.83 | 1.05 | 0.81 - 1.35 |
Fourth quintile | 1.25 | 0.96 - 1.63 | 0.97 | 0.76 - 1.23 |
Highest quintile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Education—
| ||||
Bachelor degree or higher | 0.35 | 0.26 - 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.34 - 0.68 |
Diploma | 0.68 | 0.47 - 0.98 | 0.81 | 0.56 - 1.17 |
Certificate I/II/III/IV | 0.80 | 0.63 - 1.02 | 0.83 | 0.63 - 1.09 |
Year 12 | 0.62 | 0.48 - 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.54 - 0.95 |
Year 11 | 0.81 | 0.56 - 1.16 | 0.94 | 0.63 - 1.40 |
Year 10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Year 9 or below | 1.44 | 1.12 - 1.85 | 1.28 | 0.98 - 1.67 |
Whether ever been homeless—
| ||||
Yes | 5.45 | 3.91 - 7.60 | 1.82 | 1.23 - 2.69 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Whether ever in gaol, prison or correctional facility—
| ||||
Yes | 6.54 | 4.10 - 10.30 | 2.64 | 1.44 - 4.87 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Registered marital status—
| ||||
Never married | 2.49 | 2.00 - 3.10 | 1.60 | 1.25 - 2.06 |
Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Widowed | 1.52 | 1.04 - 2.24 | 1.32 | 0.85 - 2.05 |
Divorced | 2.70 | 2.07 - 3.51 | 1.81 | 1.29 - 2.53 |
Separated | 3.48 | 2.49 - 4.86 | 2.09 | 1.35 - 3.22 |
Tenure type—
| ||||
Owner without a mortgage | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Owner with a mortgage | 1.27 | 1.04 - 1.54 | 1.32 | 1.08 - 1.61 |
Renter | 2.60 | 2.10 - 3.21 | 1.96 | 1.52 - 2.52 |
Other | 1.85 | 1.17 - 2.92 | 1.78 | 1.15 - 2.75 |
Financial difficulties—
| ||||
Yes | 2.51 | 2.05 - 3.06 | 1.41 | 1.11 - 1.80 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Labour force status—
| ||||
Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Unemployed | 3.27 | 2.07 - 5.17 | 2.25 | 1.12 - 4.54 |
Not in the labour force | 1.10 | 0.88 - 1.37 | 0.93 | 0.42 - 2.05 |
Occupation of main job—
| ||||
Managers | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Professionals | 0.77 | 0.55 - 1.08 | 0.79 | 0.55 - 1.16 |
Technicians and Trades Workers | 1.72 | 1.20 - 2.45 | 1.24 | 0.88 - 1.74 |
Community and Personal Service Workers | 1.67 | 1.19 - 2.35 | 1.07 | 0.73 - 1.58 |
Clerical and Administrative Workers | 1.57 | 1.12 - 2.21 | 1.18 | 0.85 - 1.64 |
Sales Workers | 1.28 | 0.83 - 1.98 | 1.00 | 0.65 - 1.54 |
Machinery Operators And Drivers | 2.32 | 1.46 - 3.68 | 1.32 | 0.81 - 2.14 |
Labourers | 2.72 | 1.99 - 3.73 | 1.70 | 1.25 - 2.30 |
Not applicable | 1.84 | 1.38 - 2.44 | 1.01 | 0.42 - 2.42 |
Family composition of household—
| ||||
Couple family with dependent children | 0.65 | 0.53 - 0.81 | 0.70 | 0.57 - 0.87 |
One parent family with dependent children | 1.53 | 1.16 - 2.03 | 0.66 | 0.46 - 0.94 |
Couple only | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Other one family households | 1.92 | 1.49 - 2.46 | 1.65 | 1.24 - 2.18 |
Multiple family households | 1.63 | 0.91 - 2.92 | 1.50 | 0.76 - 2.96 |
Lone person household | 1.64 | 1.41 - 1.91 | 0.87 | 0.69 - 1.09 |
Group household | 1.81 | 1.11 - 2.94 | 1.13 | 0.67 - 1.90 |
Main source of income—
| ||||
Employee cash income | 1.00 | (c) | ||
Unincorporated business cash income | 0.82 | 0.55 - 1.21 | ||
Government cash pensions and allowances | 1.91 | 1.51 - 2.41 | ||
Other cash income | 0.98 | 0.65 - 1.46 | ||
None of the above | 0.73 | 0.50 - 1.07 |
Factors associated with smoking cessation
Parameter | Univariate hazard ratios (a) | Multivariate hazard ratios (b) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | |
Mental health status—
| ||||
12 month disorder | 0.64 | 0.55 - 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.65 - 0.91 |
Lifetime disorder | 0.72 | 0.61 - 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.64 - 0.92 |
No mental illness | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Quintiles of household income—
| ||||
Lowest quintile | 0.53 | 0.42 - 0.66 | (c) | |
Second quintile | 0.64 | 0.51 - 0.81 | ||
Third quintile | 0.74 | 0.59 - 0.94 | ||
Fourth quintile | 0.72 | 0.58 - 0.89 | ||
Highest quintile | 1.00 | |||
Not stated | 0.58 | 0.46 - 0.73 | ||
Quintiles of relative socioeconomic disadvantage—
| ||||
Lowest quintile | 0.55 | 0.44 - 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.63 - 1.02 |
Second quintile | 0.61 | 0.50 - 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.65 - 0.98 |
Third quintile | 0.71 | 0.59 - 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.69 - 1.02 |
Fourth quintile | 0.74 | 0.60 - 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.69 - 1.05 |
Highest quintile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Education—
| ||||
Bachelor degree or higher | 1.66 | 1.28 - 2.16 | 1.31 | 0.98 - 1.73 |
Diploma | 1.81 | 1.37 - 2.41 | 1.50 | 1.13 - 1.98 |
Certificate I/II/III/IV | 1.17 | 0.97 - 1.42 | 1.07 | 0.87 - 1.33 |
Year 12 | 1.37 | 1.11 - 1.69 | 1.19 | 0.95 - 1.51 |
Year 11 | 1.23 | 0.86 - 1.76 | 1.14 | 0.78 - 1.67 |
Year 10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Year 9 or below | 0.79 | 0.65 - 0.96 | 0.80 | 0.64 - 0.99 |
Whether ever been homeless—
| ||||
Yes | 0.49 | 0.37 - 0.65 | (c) | |
No | 1.00 | |||
Whether ever in gaol, prison or correctional facility—
| ||||
Yes | 0.49 | 0.35 - 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.49 - 1.01 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Registered marital status—
| ||||
Never married | 0.62 | 0.51 - 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.62 - 0.93 |
Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Widowed | 0.64 | 0.53 - 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.59 - 0.90 |
Divorced | 0.65 | 0.53 - 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.62 - 0.96 |
Separated | 0.58 | 0.45 - 0.73 | 0.78 | 0.59 - 1.02 |
Tenure type—
| ||||
Owner without a mortgage | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Owner with a mortgage | 0.90 | 0.77 - 1.05 | 0.84 | 0.70 - 1.00 |
Renter | 0.54 | 0.45 - 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.52 - 0.78 |
Other | 0.58 | 0.43 - 0.79 | 0.57 | 0.42 - 0.78 |
Financial difficulties—
| ||||
Yes | 0.63 | 0.51 - 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.66 - 1.08 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Labour force status—
| ||||
Employed | 1.00 | (c) | ||
Unemployed | 0.60 | 0.38 - 0.95 | ||
Not in the labour force | 0.81 | 0.69 - 0.94 | ||
Occupation of main job—
| ||||
Managers | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Professionals | 1.22 | 0.87 - 1.70 | 1.15 | 0.82 - 1.61 |
Technicians and Trades Workers | 0.75 | 0.57 - 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.68 - 1.16 |
Community and Personal Service Workers | 0.70 | 0.49 - 0.99 | 0.76 | 0.52 - 1.12 |
Clerical and Administrative Workers | 0.86 | 0.62 - 1.20 | 0.85 | 0.58 - 1.23 |
Sales Workers | 0.98 | 0.67 - 1.45 | 1.11 | 0.75 - 1.65 |
Machinery Operators And Drivers | 0.62 | 0.45 - 0.87 | 0.74 | 0.50 - 1.11 |
Labourers | 0.52 | 0.38 - 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.46 - 0.92 |
Not applicable | 0.65 | 0.53 - 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.64 - 1.07 |
Family composition of household—
| ||||
Couple family with dependent children | 1.28 | 1.09 - 1.51 | (c) | |
One parent family with dependent children | 0.85 | 0.56 - 1.30 | ||
Couple only | 1.00 | |||
Other one family households | 0.69 | 0.55 - 0.86 | ||
Multiple family households | 0.76 | 0.42 - 1.40 | ||
Lone person household | 0.67 | 0.60 - 0.75 | ||
Group household | 0.73 | 0.50 - 1.06 | ||
Main source of income—
| ||||
Employee cash income | 1.00 | (c) | ||
Unincorporated business cash income | 1.05 | 0.80 - 1.39 | ||
Government cash pensions and allowance | 0.69 | 0.58 - 0.82 | ||
Other cash income | 1.02 | 0.80 - 1.30 | ||
None of the above | 0.89 | 0.70 - 1.13 |