Introduction
Aims
Methods
Design and setting
Participants and data collection
AUDIT
Covariates
Full-time employment
Occupational level
Income
Statistical analysis
Identification of number of classes and description of retained classes
Model | log-likelihood | resid. df | BIC | aBIC | cAIC | Likelihood-ratio | Entropy | VLMR-LRT | LMR-A-LRT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 class | −24,274.68 | 4278 | 48,825.54 | 48,720.68 | 48,858.54 | 10,949.552 | – | – | – |
2 classes | −21,761.46 | 4244 | 44,083.64 | 43,870.74 | 44,150.64 | 5923.110 | 0.769 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 |
3 classes | −21,050.71 | 4210 | 42,946.68 | 42,625.74 | 43,047.68 | 4501.606 | 0.825 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 |
4 classes | −20,855.28 | 4176 | 42,840.36 | 42,411.39 | 42,975.36 | 4110.743 | 0.755 | p = .7537 | p = .7537 |
5 classes | −20,681.74 | 4142 | 42,777.83 | 42,240.82 | 42,946.83 | 3763.674 | 0.758 | p = .5294 | p = .5306 |
Class 1 (38.2%) | Class 2 (47.2%) | Class 3 (14.6%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Item 1 | |||
‘How often do you have a drink containing alcohol’ | 81.2% | 99.8% | 100.0% |
Frequency (Never 1x or less a month; 2-4x a month; 2-3x a week; 4x or more a week) | |||
Item 2 | |||
‘How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking’ | 17.9% | 64.7% | 87.6% |
Quantity (1–2 drinks; 3–4 drinks; 5–6 drinks; 7–9 drinks; 10 or more drinks) | |||
Item 3 | |||
‘How often do you have six or more drinks on one occasion’ | 0.1% | 93.7% | 99.1% |
Heavy episodic drinking (Never; Seldom; Monthly; Weekly; Daily) | |||
Item 4 | |||
‘How often have you found that you were not able to stop drinking’ | 0.1% | 4.0% | 45.2% |
Not able to stop drinking (Never; Seldom; Monthly; Weekly; Daily) | |||
Item 5 | |||
‘How often have you failed to do what was normally expected of you because of drinking’ | 0.3% | 8.4% | 50.5% |
Failed to do what is expected (Never; Seldom; Monthly; Weekly; Daily) | |||
Item 6 | |||
‘How often have needed a first drink in the morning […] after a heavy drinking session’ | 0.1% | 0.9% | 14.4% |
(Never; Seldom; Monthly; Weekly; Daily) | |||
Eye-opener | |||
Item 7 | |||
‘How often have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking’ | 1.6% | 13.8% | 68.5% |
Guilt (Never; Seldom; Monthly; Weekly; Daily) | |||
Item 8 | |||
‘How often have you been unable to remember what happened […] because of you drinking’ | 0.1% | 7.0% | 63.3% |
Memory loss (Never; Seldom; Monthly; Weekly; Daily) | |||
Item 9 | |||
‘Have you or someone else been injured because of you drinking’ | 1.6% | 4.4% | 19.8% |
Injury (No; Yes, but not during the last year; Yes, during the last year) | |||
Item 10 | |||
‘Have others been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down’ | 0.8% | 0.7% | 17.3% |
Concern/Cut-down (No; Yes, but not during the last year; Yes, during the last year) |
Exploratory post-hoc latent class analyses
Association with covariates
Age (S.E.; p-value) | Gender (S.E.; p-value) | Education (S.E.; p-value) | Occupational levela (S.E.; p-value) | Full-time employment (S.E.; p-value) | Income (quintiles)b (S.E.; p-value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | ||||||
Class 2 (ref) vs 1 | 1.38 (.044; p < 0.001) | 1.71 (.139; p < 0.001) | 1.13 (.049; p = .009) | 0.84 (.070; p = .024) | 0.79 (.070; p = .002) | 0.95 (.025; p = .031) |
Class 3 (ref) vs 1 | 1.65 (.080; p < 0.001) | 3.30 (.357; p < 0.001) | 1.38 (.083; p < 0.001) | 0.98 (.121; p = .849) |
0.70
(.094; p = .002)
| 1.13 (.045; p = .005) |
Class 3 (ref) vs 2 | 1.19 (.059; p = .001) | 1.94 (.210; p < 0.001) | 1.22 (.075; p = .003) | 1.16 (.146; p = .273) | 0.89 (.126; p = .397) | 1.19 (.050; p < 0.001) |
Fully adjustedc | ||||||
Class 2 (ref) vs 1 | 1.51 (.054; p < 0.001) | 1.87 (.169; p < 0.001) | 1.28 (.064; p < 0.001) | 0.83 (.075; p = .022) | 0.86 (.088; p = .102) | 0.90 (.026; p < 0.001) |
Class 3 (ref) vs 1 | 1.77 (.096; p < 0.001) | 3.45 (.425, p < 0.001) | 1.44 (.103, p < 0.001) | 0.87 (.122; p = .278) | 0.76 (.123; p = .046) | 1.06 (.051; p = .227) |
Class 3 (ref) vs 2 | 1.18 (.065; p = .006) | 1.85 (.223; p < 0.001) | 1.13 (.081; p = .117) | 1.05 (.148; p = .749) | 0.88 (.148; p = .420) |
1.18
(.059; p = .002)
|