Background
Methods
Study design and sample selection
Quality control
Clinical examination
Questionnaire survey
Data analysis
Results
Crown caries of Tibetan in three age groups
Age group | Variables | n | % | DMFT | D | M | F | Filling rate (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Rate (%) | Mean | SD | Rate (%) | Mean | SD | Rate (%) | |||||
35–44 | Male | 71 | 97.2 | 6.65* | 4.43 | 3.37* | 2.93 | 50.64 | 3.17 | 2.48 | 47.67 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 1.69 | 3.24 |
Female | 78 | 98.7 | 8.50 | 5.05 | 5.47 | 3.98 | 64.40 | 2.97 | 2.43 | 34.99 | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.60 | 0.92 | |
Urban | 78 | 97.1 | 7.72 | 4.59 | 4.45 | 3.23 | 57.64 | 3.12 | 2.61 | 40.37 | 0.15* | 0.43 | 1.99 | 3.34 | |
Rural | 71 | 98.8 | 7.51 | 5.12 | 4.49 | 4.11 | 59.85 | 3.01 | 2.27 | 40.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | |
Total | 149 | 98.0 | 7.62 | 4.84 | 4.47 | 3.66 | 58.68 | 3.07 | 2.45 | 40.26 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 1.06 | 1.77 | |
55–64 | Male | 73 | 97.3 | 11.19 | 8.59 | 4.77 | 5.48 | 42.59 | 6.63 | 6.81 | 57.04 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.85 |
Female | 78 | 98.7 | 13.65 | 7.60 | 5.59 | 4.71 | 43.29 | 7.68 | 5.96 | 56.24 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 1.07 | |
Urban | 73 | 98.6 | 12.82 | 8.18 | 5.73 | 5.15 | 44.66 | 7.01 | 6.16 | 54.70 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.64 | 1.42 | |
Rural | 78 | 97.4 | 12.13 | 8.18 | 5.01 | 5.08 | 41.33 | 7.09 | 6.65 | 58.46 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.51 | |
Total | 151 | 98.0 | 12.46 | 8.16 | 5.36 | 5.11 | 42.99 | 7.05 | 6.40 | 56.59 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.98 | |
65–74 | Male | 80 | 100 | 21.05 | 8.71 | 3.37* | 3.78 | 16.03 | 17.65 | 9.31 | 83.85 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.74 |
Female | 66 | 100 | 21.79 | 9.24 | 5.86 | 5.46 | 26.91 | 15.91 | 9.37 | 70.02 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.26 | |
Urban | 71 | 100 | 19.46* | 9.11 | 4.97 | 4.40 | 25.54 | 14.48* | 8.91 | 74.38 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.28 | |
Rural | 75 | 100 | 23.20 | 8.42 | 4.05 | 5.07 | 17.47 | 19.12 | 9.23 | 82.41 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.65 | |
Total | 146 | 100 | 21.38 | 8.93 | 4.50 | 4.76 | 21.04 | 16.86 | 9.34 | 78.86 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.45 | |
Total | 446 | 98.7 | 13.76 | 9.41 | 4.78 | 4.56 | 34.73 | 8.93 | 8.81 | 64.90 | 0.05 | 2.56 | 0.37 | 1.07 |
Root caries of Tibetan in three age groups
Age group | Variables | n | % | DF-Root | D-Root | Rate (%) | F-Root | Rate(%) | RCI (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||||
35–44 | Male | 71 | 28.2 | 0.52 | 1.15 | 0.52 | 1.15 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 38.46 |
Female | 78 | 26.8 | 0.49 | 0.94 | 0.49 | 0.94 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 46.67 | |
Urban | 78 | 28.2 | 0.54 | 1.07 | 0.54 | 1.07 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 43.13 | |
Rural | 71 | 26.8 | 0.46 | 1.01 | 0.46 | 1.01 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 41.30 | |
Total | 149 | 27.5 | 0.50 | 1.04 | 0.50 | 1.04 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 42.27 | |
55–64 | Male | 73 | 41.1 | 1.11 | 2.33 | 1.11 | 2.33 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 44.12 |
Female | 78 | 38.5 | 0.97 | 1.69 | 0.97 | 1.69 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 46.88 | |
Urban | 73 | 42.5 | 1.03 | 1.70 | 1.03 | 1.70 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 46.97 | |
Rural | 78 | 37.2 | 1.05 | 2.29 | 1.05 | 2.29 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 43.94 | |
Total | 151 | 39.7 | 1.04 | 2.02 | 1.04 | 2.02 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 44.78 | |
65–74 | Male | 80 | 48.8 | 1.03 | 1.44 | 1.01 | 1.44 | 98.78 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 1.22 | 60.00 |
Female | 66 | 50.0 | 1.67 | 2.73 | 1.67 | 2.73 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 55.00 | |
Urban | 71 | 53.5 | 1.37 | 1.94 | 1.37 | 1.94 | 100 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 61.29 | |
Rural | 75 | 45.3 | 1.27 | 2.32 | 1.25 | 2.32 | 98.95 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 1.05 | 53.97 | |
Total | 146 | 49.3 | 1.32 | 2.14 | 1.31 | 2.14 | 99.48 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 57.60 | |
Total | 446 | 38.8 | 0.95 | 1.83 | 0.95 | 1.83 | 99.76 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 48.87 |
Factors associated with dental caries severity
Factors | Categories | DMFT value | Univariate logistic regression | Multiple logistic regression | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases (DMFT≥21), n | Control (DMFT< 21), n | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P | Adjusted OR a (95%CI) | P | ||
Gender | Male | 58 | 166 | 1 | 0.79 | 1 | 0.42 |
Female | 60 | 162 | 1.06 (0.70–1.62) | 1.26 (0.72–2.20) | |||
Residence | Urban | 51 | 171 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.78 |
Rural | 67 | 157 | 0.70 (0.46–1.07) | 1.11 (0.54–2.27) | |||
Age | 35–44 | 4 | 145 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
55–64 | 28 | 123 | 8.25 (2.82–24.17) | 0.69 | 5.11 (1.67–15.64) | 0.81 | |
65–74 | 86 | 60 | 51.96 (18.242–147.98) | < 0.0001 | 31.20 (10.70–90.96) | < 0.0001 | |
Level of education | Low (Illiteracy and primary school) | 116 | 245 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Medium (Middle school) | 2 | 33 | 0.13 (0.03–0.54) | 0.96 | 0.47 (0.06–3.43) | 0.31 | |
High (College degree and above) | 0 | 50 | < 0.001 (< 0.001- > 999.99) | 0.95 | 0.28 (0.09–0.89) | < 0.0001 | |
Level of income | Low (≤ 20,000 RMB) | 81 | 175 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Medium (20,000- < 40,000 RMB) | 14 | 47 | 0.64 (0.34–1.24) | 0.85 | 1.27 (0.56–2.89) | 0.66 | |
High (≥ 40,000 RMB) | 23 | 106 | 0.47 (0.28–0.79) | 0.06 | 0.71 (0.36–1.41) | 0.33 | |
Frequency of tooth brushing | Low (< once/day) | 70 | 84 | 1 | < 0.0001 | 1 | 0.006 |
High (≥ once/day) | 48 | 244 | 0.24 (0.15–0.37) | 0.39 (0.21–0.72) | |||
Dental visit experience | Yes | 57 | 160 | 1 | 0.93 | 1 | 0.51 |
No | 61 | 168 | 1.02 (0.67–1.55) | 0.78 (0.42–1.47) | |||
Knowledge and attitude of oral health | Positive | 47 | 176 | 1 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.21 |
Negative | 71 | 152 | 1.75 (1.14–2.68) | 0.72 (0.39–1.33) | |||
Frequency of dessert | Scare | 78 | 180 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
< once/day | 29 | 118 | 0.57 (0.35–0.92) | 0.08 | 0.64 (0.32–1.30) | 0.45 | |
≥ once/day | 11 | 30 | 0.85 (0.40–1.77) | 0.76 | 2.75 (0.87–8.68) | 0.28 | |
Frequency of drink with sugar | Scare | 99 | 216 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
< once/day | 15 | 93 | 0.35(0.19–0.64) | 0.10 | 0.56 (0.24–1.29) | 0.80 | |
≥ once/day | 4 | 19 | 0.46(0.15–1.39) | 0.65 | 0.40 (0.10–1.58) | 0.39 |
Factors | Categories | DF-root value | Univariate logistic regression | Multiple logistic regression | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases (≥1), n | Control (=0), n | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P | Adjusted OR a (95%CI) | P | ||
Gender | Male | 89 | 135 | 1 | 0.68 | 1 | 0.71 |
Female | 84 | 138 | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) | |||
Residence | Urban | 91 | 131 | 1 | 0.34 | 1 | 0.04 |
Rural | 82 | 142 | 0.83 (0.57–1.22) | 0.59 (0.35–0.98) | |||
Age | 35–44 | 41 | 108 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
55–64 | 60 | 91 | 1.74 (1.07–2.82) | 0.69 | 1.26 (0.74–2.15) | 0.92 | |
65–74 | 72 | 74 | 2.56 (1.58–4.16) | 0.001 | 1.52 (0.84–2.78) | 0.23 | |
Level of education | Low (Illiteracy and primary school) | 150 | 211 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Medium (Middle school) | 13 | 22 | 0.83 (0.41–1.70) | 0.39 | 1.23 (0.56–2.71) | 0.36 | |
High (College degree and above) | 10 | 40 | 0.35 (0.17–0.73) | 0.02 | 0.73 (0.30–1.78) | 0.34 | |
Level of income | Low (≤ 20,000 RMB) | 114 | 142 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Medium (20,000- < 40,000 RMB) | 26 | 35 | 0.93 (0.53–1.63) | 0.22 | 1.08 (0.58–2.01) | 0.20 | |
High (≥ 40,000 RMB) | 33 | 96 | 0.43 (0.27–0.68) | 0.001 | 0.52(0.31–0.88) | 0.01 | |
Frequency of tooth brushing | Low (< once/day) | 76 | 78 | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.009 |
High (≥ once/day) | 97 | 195 | 0.51 (0.34–0.76) | 0.51 (0.31–0.84) | |||
Dental visit experience | Yes | 93 | 124 | 1 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.11 |
No | 80 | 149 | 0.72 (0.49–1.05) | 0.69(0.44–1.09) | |||
Knowledge and attitude of oral health | Positive | 74 | 149 | 1 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.12 |
Negative | 99 | 124 | 1.61 (1.10–2.36) | 1.46 (0.91–2.36) | |||
Frequency of dessert | Scare | 101 | 157 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
< once/day | 59 | 88 | 1.04 (0.69–1.58) | 0.40 | 1.12 (0.67–1.86) | 0.78 | |
≥ once/day | 13 | 28 | 0.72 (0.36–1.46) | 0.32 | 1.06 (0.48–2.35) | 0.99 | |
Frequency of drink with sugar | Scare | 126 | 189 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
< once/day | 40 | 68 | 0.88 (0.56–1.39) | 0.78 | 0.82(0.48–.42) | 1.00 | |
≥ once/day | 7 | 16 | 0.66 (0.26–1.64) | 0.44 | 0.68 (0.250–1.84) | 0.56 | |
Loss of attachment | No | 14 | 78 | 1 4.54 (2.48–8.33) | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 159 | 195 | 3.94 (2.10–7.39) |