Background
Method
Data source, sampling design, and sample size
Measurements
Variables | Categories |
---|---|
Sex | 0 = Male |
1 = Female | |
Age | Continuous (year) |
Residence | 0 = urban, |
1 = Rural | |
Marital status | 0 = Married, |
1 = Single, | |
2 = Divorced, | |
3 = widowed | |
HIV status | 0 = HIV Negative |
1 = HIV Positive | |
Smoking history | 1 = Smokers, |
0 = Non-smokers | |
Adherence based on Pill count (2 = good (100%), 1 = Fair (> = 80%) and 0 = poor (< 80%) | 2 = Good |
1 = Fair | |
0 = Poor | |
Comorbidities | 1 = Yes |
0 = No | |
Previous drug use history | 1 = yes |
0 = No | |
MDR-TB type | 0 = pulmonary |
1 = Extra pulmonary | |
Baseline weight | Continuous (kg) |
Occupation | 0 = Employee |
1 = Farmer | |
2 = Merchant |
Statistical analysis
Accelerated failure time model
Parametric shared frailty models
Models comparison and diagnostics
Result
Data exploratory
Predictors | Labels | Status of Patients | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Cured/Event (%) | Censored | ||
Sex | Female | 133 | 79 (39.3) | 54 |
Male | 178 | 122 (60.7) | 56 | |
Residence | Urban | 167 | 106 (52.7) | 61 |
Rural | 144 | 95 (47.3) | 49 | |
Treatment Center | Gondar | 110 | 57 (28.4) | 53 |
Boromeda | 48 | 33 (16.4) | 15 | |
Debre Markos | 46 | 32 (15.9) | 14 | |
Woldeia | 33 | 27 (33) | 6 | |
Metema | 30 | 20 (10) | 10 | |
Debre Tabore | 25 | 18 (9) | 7 | |
Debre Berhan | 19 | 14 (7) | 5 | |
Disease category | Pulmonary | 262 | 194 (96.5) | 68 |
Extra Pulmonary | 49 | 7 (3.7) | 42 | |
Drug using history | Yes | 233 | 147 (73.1) | 86 |
No | 78 | 54 (26.9) | 24 | |
Clinical | Complication | 129 | 67 (29.9) | 62 |
Complication | Not Complication | 182 | 134 (70.1) | 48 |
HIV status | HIV Positive | 74 | 42 (20.9) | 32 |
HIV Negative | 237 | 159 (79.1) | 78 | |
Smoking history | Yes | 72 | 50 (57.1) | 22 |
No | 239 | 151(24.9) | 88 | |
Comorbidities | Yes | 27 | 18 (66.7) | 9 |
No | 284 | 183 (64.4) | 101 | |
Adherence | Good | 226 | 176 (77.9) | 50 |
Fair | 39 | 19 (48.7) | 20 | |
Poor | 46 | 6 (13) | 40 | |
Occupation | 0 = Employee | 34 | 21(10.45) | 13 |
1 = Farmer | 195 | 123 (61.12) | 72 | |
2 = Merchant | 82 | 57 (28.36) | 25 |
Covariates | Categories | Median | Log Rank test | Breslow test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chi-square | df | P- value | Chi-square | Df | P- value | |||
Sex | Female | 20 | 33.18 | 1 | < 0.001 | 27.17 | 1 | < 0.001 |
Male | 21 | |||||||
Marital status | Married | 21 | 0.39 | 3 | 0.94 | 1.58 | 3 | 0.66 |
Single | 21 | |||||||
Divorce | 21 | |||||||
Widowed | 19 | |||||||
Residence | Urban | 21 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.82 |
Rural | 21 | |||||||
Education | Not Educated | 21 | 6.91 | 3 | 0.07 | 9.07 | 3 | < 0.03 |
Primary | 21 | |||||||
Second | 20 | |||||||
Above | 20 | |||||||
Disease category | Pulmonary | 21 | 27.52 | 1 | < 0.001 | 23.1 | 1 | < 0.001 |
Extra pull | 24 | |||||||
Drug using | Yes | 21 | 15.44 | 1 | < 0.001 | 11.67 | 1 | < 0.001 |
History | No | 22 | ||||||
Clinical Complication | Yes | 22 | 55.14 | 1 | < 0.001 | 44.11 | 1 | < 0.001 |
No | 20 | |||||||
HIV status | Yes | 22 | 23.03 | 1 | < 0.001 | 12.05 | 1 | < 0.001 |
No | 21 | |||||||
Adherence | Good | 21 | 37.59 | 2 | < 0.001 | 21.77 | 1 | < 0.001 |
Fair | 24 | |||||||
Poor | 24 | |||||||
Smoking status | Yes | 23 | 38.38 | 1 | < 0.001 | 19.77 | 1 | < 0.001 |
No | 21 | |||||||
Co morbidity status | Yes | 21 | 45.65 | 1 | < 0.001 | 29.7 | 1 | < 0.001 |
No | 24 |
Accelerated failure time models
IC | AFT models for baseline hazard distribution | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exponetial | Weibull | Log-normal | Log-logistic | Best model | |
AIC | 496.83 | −600.58 | −598.52 | − 561.97 | Weibull |
BIC | 526.75 | −566.92 | − 564.86 | − 528.31 | Weibull |
Parametric shared frailty models
Variables | Categories | Coeff. | T. R(ϕ) | Std Error | Z-value | P > |z| | 95% CI for ϕ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MDR-TB type | Extra pulmonary | 0.05 | 1.055 | 0.013 | 4.34 | < 0.001 | 1.03 | 1.08 |
Pulmonary+ | 1 | |||||||
Clinical Complication | Yes | 0.04 | 1.041 | 0.008 | 5.23 | < 0.001 | 1.025 | 1.056 |
No+ | 1 | |||||||
Adherence | Fair | 0.02 | 1.021 | 0.019 | 1.09 | 0.28 | 0.984 | 1.059 |
Poor | 0.031 | 1.032 | 0.013 | 2.46 | < 0.01 | 1.006 | 1.058 | |
Good+ | 1 | |||||||
Co morbidities | Yes | 0.078 | 1.081 | 0.015 | 5.69 | < 0.001 | 1.053 | 1.111 |
No+ | 1 | |||||||
HIV status | Positive | −0.007 | 0.993 | 0.014 | −0.51 | 0.613 | 0.966 | 1.021 |
Negative+ | 1 | |||||||
Sex | Male | 0.028 | 1.029 | 0.007 | 4.02 | < 0.001 | 1.015 | 1.043 |
Female+ | 1 | |||||||
Previous drug use history | Yes | −0.009 | 0.992 | 0.008 | −1.06 | 0.291 | 0.976 | 1.007 |
No+ | 1 | |||||||
Smoking status | Smoker | −0.051 | 0.95 | 0.02 | −2.43 | 0.015 | 0.9125 | 0.99 |
Nonsmoker+ | 1 | |||||||
Sex by HIV status | Male HIV positive | 0.037 | 1.038 | 0.019 | 2.03 | 0.042 | 1.001 | 1.075 |
Female HIV negative+ | 1 | |||||||
Drug use history by smoker | Drug used with smoker | 0.071 | 1.073 | 0.025 | 3.09 | 0.002 | 1.026 | 1.122 |
Nondrug use with nonsmoker+ | 1 | |||||||
Cons | 2.99 | 19.879 | 0.136 | 438.53 | < 0.001 | 19.615 | 20.146 | |
Ln(λ) | 3.722 | 0.106 | 35.02 | < 0.001 | 3.514 | 3.931 | ||
Ln(θ) | −3.986 | 1.775 | −2.25 | 0.03 | −7.464 | −0.508 | ||
λ
| 41.364 | 4.397 | 33.585 | 50.946 | ||||
γ
| 0.024 | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||||
θ
| 1.24 | 0.3608 | 0.695 | 2.212 |