Survival in progressive systemic sclerosis with pulmonary involvement: a single-center experience in Istanbul, Turkey

The objective of the current study was to determine survival and factors that affect survival in progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc) with pulmonary involvement. A total of 102 SSc patients with pulmonary involvement, diagnosed between 1994 and 2008, enrolled into the study. Pulmonary involvement was defined based on the presence of interstitial changes on high-resolution CT (HRCT). Demographical, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data of the patients were found from patient records and were used for the evaluation of survival. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 50 ± 12 years. In follow-up, 22 (21.5%) patients were deceased. The mean age of the patients at death was 55 ± 12 years. Seventy-eight percent of known causes of mortality were related to pulmonary complications. After any initial systemic manifestation of disease, the mean survival was 447 ± 27 months and 5, 10, 15, and 20 year survival rates were 99, 92, 83, and 72%, respectively. The mean survival after initial pulmonary manifestation was 269 ± 23 months and 5, 10 and 15 year survival rates were 91, 73 and 57%, respectively. Mean survival was 113 ± 5 months, and 5- and 10-year survival rates after the lung involvement detected with HRCT were 85 and 66%, respectively. Pulmonary artery hypertension, disease onset after the age of 40, and honeycombing on HRCT were associated with poor survival. Our data suggest that pulmonary involvement is the most important determinant factor for poor prognosis in patients with SSc. Therefore, echocardiography, pulmonary function tests, and HRCT should be performed in early stages of the disease for early diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension and lung involvement before irreversible vascular and interstitial changes exist.