Background
Methods
Study design
Setting
Participants
Variables
Data sources and measurements
Study size
Quantitative variables
Statistical methods
Results
Participants and descriptive data
Patient group | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary prevention patients | Secondary prevention patients | |||||
Female (n = 407) | Male (n = 843) | Total (n = 1250) | Female (n = 354) | Male (n = 580) | Total (n = 934) | |
Age in years, mean, SD | 75.74 ± 7.10 | 73.15 ± 6.79 | 73.99 ± 6.99 | 68.83 ± 13.11 | 68.31 ± 10.80 | 68.50 ± 11.73 |
RAPA, mean, SD | 4.4 ± 1.62 | 5.01 ± 1.54 | 4.82 ± 1.59 | 4.61 ± 1.55 | 5.02 ± 1.58 | 4.87 ± 1.58 |
Active (RAPA 6–7 points), n, (%) | 151 (37.1%) | 430 (51.0%) | 581(46.5%) | 137 (38.7%) | 299 (51.6%) | 436 (46.7%) |
Suboptimal (RAPA 4–5 points), n, (%) | 97 (23.8%) | 205 (24.3%) | 302 (24.2%) | 97 (27.4%) | 132 (22.8%) | 229 (24.5%) |
Underactive (RAPA≤3 points), n, (%) | 129 (31.8%) | 172 (20.4%) | 301 (24.1%) | 98 (27.7%) | 127 (21.9%) | 225 (24.1%) |
Missing, n, (%)
|
30 (7.4%)
|
36 (4.3%)
|
66 (5.3%)
|
22 (6.2%)
|
22 (3.8%)
|
44 (4.7%)
|
PHQ-9, mean, SD | 2.67 ± 3.35 | 1.78 ± 3.08 | 2.05 ± 3.19 | 4.23 ± 4.48 | 2.57 ± 3.49 | 3.18 ± 3.96 |
No symptoms of depression (0–4), n, (%) | 298 (73.2%) | 719 (85.3%) | 1017 (81.4%) | 208 (58.8%) | 445 (76.7%) | 653 (69.9%) |
Mild symptoms of depression (5–9), n, (%) | 64 (15.7%) | 77 (9.1%) | 141 (11.3%) | 93 (26.3%) | 84 (14.5%) | 177 (19.0%) |
Moderate symptoms of depression (10–14), n, (%) | 13 (3.2%) | 22 (2.6%) | 35 (2.8%) | 26 (7.3%) | 25 (4.3%) | 51 (5.5%) |
Moderately severe symptoms of depression (15–19), n, (%) | 7 (1.7%) | 3 (0.4%) | 10 (0.8%) | 10 (2.8%) | 4 (0.7%) | 14 (1.5%) |
Severe symptoms of depression (20–27), n, (%) | 0 | 4 (0.5%) | 4 (0.3%) | 4 (1.1%) | 2 (0.3%) | 6 (0.6%) |
Missing, n, (%)
|
25 (6.1%)
|
18 (2.1%)
|
43 (3.4%)
|
13 (3.7%)
|
20 (3.4%)
|
33 (3.5%)
|
PAM, mean, SD | 35.31 ± 8.47 | 36.70 ± 8.55 | 36.27 ± 8.5 | 36.41 ± 7.59 | 38.45 ± 7.56 | 37.68 ± 7.63 |
Missing, n, (%)
| 28 (7.4%) | 12 (1.4%) | 40 (3.3%) | 14 (4.1%) | 14 (2.5%) | 28 (3.1%) |
Smoking status | ||||||
YES, n, (%) | 23 (5.9%) | 87 (10.5%) | 91.2 (8.8%) | 52 (15.2%) | 77 (13.6%) | 129 (13.8%) |
NO, n, (%) | 366 (94.1%) | 471 (89.5%) | 1107 (89.5%) | 291 (84.8%) | 490 (86.4%) | 781 (86.2%) |
Missing, n, (%)
|
18 (4.4%)
|
15 (1.8%)
|
33 (2.7%)
|
11 (3.1%)
|
13 (2.2%)
|
24 (2.5%)
|
Outcome data
Main results
Model 1 95% C.I. | Model 2 95% C.I. | Model 3 95% C.I. | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RAPA (1–7) | B | Lower | Upper |
P
| B | Lower | Upper |
P
| B | Lower | Upper |
P
|
PHQ-9 (0–27) | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.04 | < 0.01 | −0.08 | −0.14 | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.02 | 0.01 |
Gender (M/ F) | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.48 | < 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.48 | < 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0.47 | < 0.01 |
Patient group (SP/PP) | −0.01 | − 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.92 | −0.05 | − 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.55 | −0.02 | − 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.82 |
Age (Y) | −0.03 | −0.03 | − 0.02 | < 0.01 | − 0.03 | −0.04 | − 0.02 | < 0.01 | − 0.03 | −0.04 | − 0.02 | < 0.01 |
Smoking status (Y/ N) | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.57 | < 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.56 | < 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.56 | < 0.01 |
PAM (0–13) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | < 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | < 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | < 0.01 |
SP/PP group*PHQ-9 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.47 | ||||||||
Gender*PHQ-9 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.44 |