nach oben

Erschienen in:

01.12.2006 | Brief Report

The effect of occasional smoking on smoking-related cancers

In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

verfasst von: Bine Kjøller Bjerregaard, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Mette Sørensen, Kirsten Frederiksen, Anne Tjønneland, Sabine Rohrmann, Jakob Linseisen, Manuela M. Bergman, Heiner Boeing, Sabina Sieri, Domenico Palli, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Frederike L. Büchner, Inger Torhild Gram, Tonje Braaten, Eiliv Lund, Göran Hallmans, Åsa Ågren, Elio Riboli

Erschienen in: Cancer Causes & Control | Ausgabe 10/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objective

Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung.

Methods

The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers.

Results

The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80–1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers.

Conclusions

Occasional smoking should be discouraged.

IARC (2004) IARC monographs Vol. 83: tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC, Lyon

Hammond EC, Horn D (1958) Smoking and death rates; report on forty-four months of follow-up of 187,783 men. II. Death rates by cause. J Am Med Assoc 166:1294–1308

Hammond EC, Horn D (1958) Smoking and death rates; report on forty-four months of follow-up of 187,783 men. I. Total mortality. J Am Med Assoc 166:1159–1172PubMed

Nordlund LA, Carstensen JM, Pershagen G (1999) Are male and female smokers at equal risk of smoking-related cancer: evidence from a Swedish prospective study. Scand J Public Health 27:56–62PubMedCrossRef

Luoto R, Uutela A, Puska P (2000) Occasional smoking increases total and cardiovascular mortality among men. Nicotine Tob Res 2:133–139PubMed

Hovengen R, Haug K (2003) Occasional smoking during pregnancy and after birth: a challenge for mother and child health care. Eur J Public Health 13:46–47CrossRef

Riboli E, Hunt KJ, Slimani N, et al (2002) European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): study populations and data collection. Public Health Nutr 5:1113–1124PubMedCrossRef

Greenland S (1995) Dose-response and trend analysis in epidemiology: alternatives to categorical analysis. Epidemiology 6:356–365PubMedCrossRef

Holmen TL, Barrett-Connor E, Holmen J, Bjermer L (2000) Adolescent occasional smokers, a target group for smoking cessation? the Nord-Trondelag Health Study, Norway, 1995–1997. Prev Med 31:682–690PubMedCrossRef

10.

Maggi S, Linn G, Marion SA (2005) Are questions from the Italian National Health Survey adequate to measure prevalence of smoking among teens. Subst Use Misuse 40:779–788PubMedCrossRef

11.

Hassmiller KM, Warner KE, Mendez D, Levy DT, Romano E (2003) Nondaily smokers: who are they? Am J Public Health 93:1321–1327PubMedCrossRef

12.

Lindstrom M, Isacsson SO (2002) Long term and transitional intermittent smokers: a longitudinal study. Tob Control 11:61–67PubMedCrossRef

13.

Akiba S, Hirayama T (1990) Cigarette smoking and cancer mortality risk in Japanese men and women—results from reanalysis of the six-prefecture cohort study data. Environ Health Perspect 87:19–26PubMed

14.

Tuyns AJ, Esteve J, Raymond L, et al (1988) Cancer of the larynx/hypopharynx, tobacco and alcohol: IARC international case-control study in Turin and Varese (Italy), Zaragoza and Navarra (Spain), Geneva (Switzerland) and Calvados (France). Int J Cancer 41:483–491PubMed

15.

Engeland A, Andersen A, Haldorsen T, Tretli S (1996) Smoking habits and risk of cancers other than lung cancer: 28 years’ follow-up of 26,000 Norwegian men and women. Cancer Causes Control 7:497–506PubMedCrossRef

16.

Brennan P, Bogillot O, Greiser E, et al (2001) The contribution of cigarette smoking to bladder cancer in women (pooled European data). Cancer Causes Control 12:411–417PubMedCrossRef

17.

Brennan P, Buffler PA, Reynolds P, et al (2004) Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a pooled analysis of two large studies. Int J Cancer 109:125–131PubMedCrossRef

18.

Vineis P, Airoldi L, Veglia P, et al (2005) Environmental tobacco smoke and risk of respiratory cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in former smokers and never smokers in the EPIC prospective study. BMJ 330:277PubMedCrossRef

19.

Hovengen R, Haug K (2003) Occasional smoking during pregnancy and after birth: a challenge for mother and child health care. Eur J Public Health 13:46–47CrossRef

20.

Hovengen R, Nordhagen R (2004) [Occasional smoking–an increasing problem]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 124:3222–3223PubMed

Titel: The effect of occasional smoking on smoking-related cancers
In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
verfasst von: Bine Kjøller Bjerregaard
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Mette Sørensen
Kirsten Frederiksen
Anne Tjønneland
Sabine Rohrmann
Jakob Linseisen
Manuela M. Bergman
Heiner Boeing
Sabina Sieri
Domenico Palli
Rosario Tumino
Carlotta Sacerdote
H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
Frederike L. Büchner
Inger Torhild Gram
Tonje Braaten
Eiliv Lund
Göran Hallmans
Åsa Ågren
Elio Riboli
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2006
Verlag: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Erschienen in: Cancer Causes & Control / Ausgabe 10/2006
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0068-9

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Nodal-negativ nach neoadjuvanter Chemo: Axilladissektion verzichtbar?

03.05.2024 Mammakarzinom Nachrichten

Wenn bei Mammakarzinomen durch eine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie ein Downstaging von nodal-positiv zu nodal-negativ gelingt, scheint es auch ohne Axilladissektion nur selten zu axillären Rezidiven zu kommen.

Wo hapert es noch bei der Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie?

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

Bestrahlung nach Prostatektomie: mehr Schaden als Nutzen?

02.05.2024 Prostatakarzinom Nachrichten

Eine adjuvante Radiotherapie nach radikaler Prostata-Op. bringt den Betroffenen wahrscheinlich keinen Vorteil. Im Gegenteil: Durch die Bestrahlung steigt offenbar das Risiko für Harn- und Stuhlinkontinenz.

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

IT für Ärzte Nachrichten

Darauf haben viele Praxen gewartet: Das Zi hat eine Liste von Praxisverwaltungssystemen veröffentlicht, die von Nutzern positiv bewertet werden. Eine gute Grundlage für wechselwillige Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten.

Live-Webinar "Chronische Unterbauch- und Viszeralschmerzen in der Praxis managen"

Springer Medizin

The effect of occasional smoking on smoking-related cancers

In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)