Background
Methods
Sample
Characteristics | 1996 | 2016 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Total sample | 355 | 270 | ||
Mean age | 23 | 43 | ||
Female | 192 | 54 | 144 | 53 |
Having children | 46 | 13 | 209 | 77 |
Times of unemployment | ||||
None | 179 | 50 | 81 | 30 |
One time | 115 | 33 | 82 | 30 |
Several times | 61 | 17 | 107 | 40 |
Type of occupation | ||||
Unemployed | 38 | 11 | 6 | 2 |
Student | 84 | 23 | 0 | 0 |
Home keeper | 24 | 7 | 5 | 2 |
Blue-collar worker | 77 | 22 | 48 | 18 |
White-collar worker | 97 | 27 | 161 | 60 |
Self-employed | 10 | 3 | 27 | 10 |
Public servant | 0 | 0 | 16 | 6 |
Something else | 25 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
Questionnaires
G-SLS | ||
---|---|---|
r | N | |
FLZM (2003) | − 0.50*** | 409 |
FLZM (2005) | − 0.48*** | 371 |
FLZM (2016) | − 0.40*** | 268 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Gender aspects
The effect of unemployment periods and differences in life satisfaction
Times of unemployment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Several | One time | None | H(2) | ES η2 | p value | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||
(N) | (n) | (n) | (n) | ||||
G-SLS | |||||||
1996 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 22.87 | 0.059 | < 0.001 |
(354) | (61) | (115) | (178) | ||||
1998 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 15.75 | 0.038 | < 0.001 |
(368) | (85) | (117) | (166) | ||||
2000 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 18.40 | 0.042 | < 0.001 |
(396) | (102) | (132) | (162) | ||||
2002 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 21.38 | 0.042 | < 0.001 |
(420) | (120) | (143) | (157) | ||||
2004 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 28.26 | 0.064 | < 0.001 |
(412) | (140) | (129) | (143) | ||||
2006 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 15.29 | 0.035 | < 0.001 |
(386) | (155) | (117) | (114) | ||||
2007 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 42.07 | 0.113 | < 0.001 |
(359) | (136) | (116) | (107) | ||||
2009 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 27.37 | 0.070 | < 0.001 |
(364) | (152) | (109) | (103) | ||||
2010 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 10.86 | 0.028 | 0.004 |
(324) | (123) | (98) | (103) | ||||
2011 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 15.22 | 0.036 | < 0.001 |
(372) | (139) | (108) | (125) | ||||
2012 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 11.77 | 0.028 | 0.003 |
(349) | (131) | (105) | (113) | ||||
2013 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 6.58 | 0.014 | 0.037 |
(328) | (128) | (98) | (102) | ||||
2015 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 17.47 | 0.047 | < 0.001 |
(333) | (125) | (110) | (98) |
Times of unemployment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Several | One time | None | H(2) | ES η2 | p value | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||
(N) | (n) | (n) | (n) | ||||
G-SLS | |||||||
2003 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 24.59 | 0.055 | < 0.001 |
(417) | (133) | (132) | (152) | ||||
2005 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 39.72 | 0.099 | < 0.001 |
(383) | (133) | (126) | (124) | ||||
2016 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 13.49 | 0.043 | < 0.001 |
(270) | (107) | (82) | (81) | ||||
FLZM | |||||||
2003 | 55.8 ± 29.4 | 47.4 ± 30.4 | 57.4 ± 29.7 | 62.4 ± 26.5 | 17.34 | 0.038 | < 0.001 |
(409) | (130) | (131) | (148) | ||||
2005 | 62.8 ± 30.7 | 49.5 ± 28.9 | 68.1 ± 29.2 | 71.2 ± 29.9 | 36.48 | 0.093 | < 0.001 |
(375) | (128) | (125) | (122) | ||||
2016 | 69.6 ± 35.1 | 62.6 ± 35.8 | 71.6 ± 33.5 | 76.8 ± 34.5 | 8.18 | 0.023 | 0.020 |
(268) | (105) | (82) | (81) |