Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Sports Medicine
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine 4/2009

01.04.2009 | Review Article

The Placebo Effect in Sports Performance

A Brief Review

verfasst von: Dr Christopher J. Beedie, Abigail J. Foad

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 4/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The placebo effect, with its central role in clinical trials, is acknowledged as a factor in sports medicine, although until recently little has been known about the likely magnitude and extent of the effect in any specific research setting. Even less is known about the prevalence of the effect in competitive sport. The present paper reviews 12 intervention studies in sports performance. All examine placebo effects associated with the administration of an inert substance believed by subjects to be an ergogenic aid. Placebo effects of varying magnitudes are reported in studies addressing sports from weightlifting to endurance cycling. Findings suggest that psychological variables such as motivation, expectancy and conditioning, and the interaction of these variables with physiological variables, might be significant factors in driving both positive and negative outcomes. Programmatic research involving the triangulation of data, and investigation of contextual and personality factors in the mediation of placebo responses may help to advance knowledge in this area.
Literatur
1.
Di Blasi Z. The placebo effect: the crack in the biomedical box. Psychologist 2003; 16 (Pt 2): 72–5
2.
Ogden J. Health psychology. Berkshire (UK): Open University Press, 2004
3.
Taylor SE. Health psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003
4.
Ader R, Cohen N. Psychoneuroimmunology: conditioning and stress. Annu Rev Psychol 1993; 44: 53–5PubMedCrossRef
5.
dela Fuente-Fernández R, Phillips AG, Zamburlini M, et al. Dopamine release in human ventral striatum and expectation of reward. Behav Brain Res 2002; 136 (Pt 2): 359–63PubMedCrossRef
6.
Yang EV, Bane CM, MacCallum RC, et al. Stress-related modulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 133 (Pt 1-2): 144–50PubMedCrossRef
7.
Clark VR, Hopkins WG, Hawley JA, et al. Placebo effect of carbohydrate feeding during a 40-km cycling time trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1642–7PubMed
8.
McGuire WJ. The nature of attitudes and attitudes change. In: Lindzey G, Aronson E, editors. The handbook of social psychology, vol. III. Reading (MA): Addison-Wesley, 1969: 136–314
9.
10.
Evans D. Placebo: the belief effect. London: HarperCollins, 2003
11.
Bonci L. Nutritional ergogenics: performance enhancers vs. the placebo effect indications and contraindications. Proceedings of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association. 49th Annual Meeting and Clinical Symposia; 1998 Jun 17–20, Baltimore (MA). Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 1998: 270–2
12.
Yesalis CE, Bahrke MS. Anabolic-androgenic steroids: current issues. Sports Med 1995; 19: 326–40PubMedCrossRef
13.
Gutirrez-Sancho O, Moncada-Jimenez J, Robinson E, et al. The effects of creatine supplementation on biochemical, body composition, and performance outcomes in humans:a meta-analysis. Int J Appl Sports Sci 2006; 18 (Pt 2): 12–38
14.
Shephard RJ. Vitamin E and athletic performance. J Sports Med 1983; 23: 461–70
15.
Kerr IL. Mouth guards for the prevention of injuries in contact sports. Sports Med 1986 Nov-Dec; 3 (Pt 6): 415–27PubMedCrossRef
16.
Brolinson PG. Precompetition manipulation: placebo or performance enhancer? Clin J Sport Med 2003 Mar; 13 (Pt 2): 69–70PubMedCrossRef
17.
Liggett DR. Sports hypnosis. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics, 2000
18.
19.
Hinton ER, Taylor S. Does placebo response mediate runner’s high? Percept Mot Skills 1986 June; 62 (Pt 3): 789–90PubMedCrossRef
20.
Vogt W. Breaking the chain: drugs and cycling, the true story (trans. William Fotherington). London: Random House, 1999
21.
Gallagher H. On swimming. London: Pelham, 1970: 33–8
22.
23.
Murphy MM, White RA. In the zone: transcendent experience in sport. New York: Penguin, 1995: 34–102
24.
Beedie CJ. The placebo effect in competitive sport: qualitative data. J Sport Sci Med 2007; 6: 21–8
25.
Burke LM, Hawley JA, Schabort EJ, et al. Carbohydrate loading failed to improve 100-km cycling performance in a placebo-controlled trial. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88: 1284–90PubMed
26.
Sonetti DA, Wetter TJ, Pegelow DF, et al. Effects of respiratory muscle training versus placebo on endurance exercise performance. Respir Physiol 2001; 127 (Pt 2-3): 185–99PubMedCrossRef
27.
Hornery DJ, Papalia S, Mujika I, et al. Physiological and performance benefits of halftime cooling. J Sci Med Sport 2005 Mar; 8 (Pt 1): 15–25PubMedCrossRef
28.
McMurray RG, Wilson JR, Kitchell BS. The effects of fructose and glucose on high intensity endurance performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 1983; 54: 156–62
29.
Sellwood KL, Brukner P, Williams D, et al. Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41: 392–7PubMedCrossRef
30.
Reeser JC, Smith DT, Fischer V, et al. Static magnetic fields neither prevent nor diminish symptoms and signs of delayed onset muscle soreness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86 (Pt 3): 565–70PubMedCrossRef
31.
Moseley Jr JB, Wray NP, Kuykendall D, et al. Arthroscopic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: results of a pilot study. Am J Sports Med 1996 Jan-Feb; 24 (Pt 1): 28–34PubMedCrossRef
32.
Porcari JP, Otto J, Felker H, et al. The placebo effect on exercise performance [abstract]. J Cardiopulmon Rehabil Prev 2006 Jul/Aug; 26 (Pt 4): 269CrossRef
33.
Ariel G, Saville W. Anabolic steroids: the physiological effects of placebos. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1972; 4: 124–6
34.
Beedie CJ, Stuart EM, Coleman DA, et al. Placebo effect of caffeine in cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 2159–64PubMedCrossRef
35.
Beedie CJ, Coleman DA, Foad AJ. Positive and negative placebo effects resulting from the deceptive administration of an ergogenic aid. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2007; 17: 259–69PubMed
36.
Foad AJ, Beedie CJ, Coleman DA. Pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine ingestion in 40 km cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40 (Pt 1): 158–65PubMed
37.
Foster C, Felker H, Porcari JP, et al. The placebo effect on exercise performance [abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004 May; 36 Suppl. 5: S171
38.
Kalasountas V, Reed J, Fitzpatrick J. The effect of placebo-induced changes in expectancies on maximal force productionin college students. J Appl Sport Psychol 2007; 19 (Pt 1): 116–24CrossRef
39.
Maganaris CN, Collins D, Sharp M. Expectancy effects and strength training: do steroids make a difference? Sport Psychologist 2000; 14 (Pt 3): 272–8
40.
McClung M, Collins D. “Because I know it will!”: placebo effects of an ergogenic aid on athletic performance. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2007 Jun; 29 (Pt 3): 382–94PubMed
41.
Benedetti F, Pollo A, Colloca L. Opioid-mediated placebo responses boost pain endurance and physical performance:is it doping in sport competitions? J Neurosci 2007 Oct; 27(Pt 44): 11934–9PubMedCrossRef
42.
Pollo A, Carlino E, Benedetti F. The top-down influence of ergogenic placebos on muscle work and fatigue. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28: 379–88PubMedCrossRef
43.
Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sport Physiol Perf 2006; 1: 50–7
44.
Desharnais R, Jobin J, Cote C, et al. Aerobic exercise and the placebo effect: a controlled study. Psychosom Med 1993; 55 (Pt 2): 149–54PubMed
45.
Marlatt GA, Rohsenow DJ. Cognitive processes in alcohol use: expectancy and the balanced placebo design. In: Mello N, editor. Advances in substance abuse (1). Greenwich (CT): JAI Press, 1980: 159–99
46.
47.
48.
49.
Kirsch I, Weixel LJ. Double-blind versus deceptive administration of a placebo. Behav Neurosci 1988; 102 (Pt 22): 319–23PubMedCrossRef
50.
Fiorillo CD, Tobler PN, Schultz W. Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science 2003; 299: 1898–902PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The Placebo Effect in Sports Performance
A Brief Review
verfasst von
Dr Christopher J. Beedie
Abigail J. Foad
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2009
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 4/2009
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939040-00004

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2009

Sports Medicine 4/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Review Article

The Respiratory Health of Swimmers

Review Article

Muscle Fatigue in Males and Females during Multiple-Sprint Exercise

Review Article

Physical Activity as a Predictor of Adolescent Body Fatness

Review Article

Serum Creatinine Concentration and Creatinine-Based Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Athletes

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise