Skip to main content
Erschienen in: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 11/2018

01.06.2018 | Original Paper

The relationships between the pulsatile flow form of ocular microcirculation by laser speckle flowgraphy and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mass

verfasst von: Tomoaki Shiba, Mao Takahashi, Chieko Shiba, Tadashi Matsumoto, Yuichi Hori

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging | Ausgabe 11/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

To evaluate the relationships between parameters of the pulsatile flow form in the optic nerve head shown by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and the left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and mass obtained by echocardiography. We cross sectional analyzed the cases of 175 subjects who had undergone polysomnography. Standard M-mode two-dimensional color Doppler imaging was performed to evaluate the E/e′ ratio (which represents the LV end-diastolic pressure) and LV mass. The pulsatile flow form analysis parameters of the blowout score and acceleration time index were evaluated. The parameters were analyzed separately for the tissue, vessels and throughout the optic nerve head (All). We performed a single regression analysis and a multiple regression analysis to determine whether pulsatile flow form are independent factors for the E/e′ ratio and LV mass. The factors contributing independently to the E/e′ ratio were blowout time-Tissue (standard regression = − 0.27, t-value = − 2.90, p < 0.0001) and body mass index (BMI) (0.16, 2.05, p = 0.04). The factors that were shown to independently contribute to the LV mass were urinary albumin concentration (0.30, − 2.90, p < 0.0001), BMI (0.28, 4.09, p < 0.0001), differences of gender (men = 1, women = 0: 0.23, 3.28, p = 0.001), acceleration time index-Vessel (− 0.23, − 2.99, p = 0.003) and mean arterial blood pressure (0.17, 2.61, p = 0.01). Our results confirmed that parameters of the pulsatile flow form of ocular microcirculation obtained by LSFG are significantly correlated with the LV end-diastolic pressure ratio and LV mass.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Flammer J, Konieczka K, Bruno RM, Virdis A, Flammer AJ, Taddei S (2013) The eye and the heart. Eur Heart J 34:1270–1278CrossRef Flammer J, Konieczka K, Bruno RM, Virdis A, Flammer AJ, Taddei S (2013) The eye and the heart. Eur Heart J 34:1270–1278CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamaki Y, Araie M, Kawamoto E, Eguchi S, Fujii H (1995) Non-contact, two-dimensional measurement of tissue circulation in choroid and optic nerve head using laser speckle phenomenon. Exp Eye Res 60:373–383CrossRef Tamaki Y, Araie M, Kawamoto E, Eguchi S, Fujii H (1995) Non-contact, two-dimensional measurement of tissue circulation in choroid and optic nerve head using laser speckle phenomenon. Exp Eye Res 60:373–383CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Isono H, Kishi S, Kimura Y, Hagiwara N, Konishi N, Fujii H (2003) Observation of choroidal circulation using index of erythrocytic velocity. Arch Ophthalmol 121:225–231CrossRef Isono H, Kishi S, Kimura Y, Hagiwara N, Konishi N, Fujii H (2003) Observation of choroidal circulation using index of erythrocytic velocity. Arch Ophthalmol 121:225–231CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujii H (1994) Visualisation of retinal blood flow by laser speckle flow-graphy. Med Biol Eng Comput 32:302–304CrossRef Fujii H (1994) Visualisation of retinal blood flow by laser speckle flow-graphy. Med Biol Eng Comput 32:302–304CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujii H (2000) Laser speckle flowgraphy. In: Medical Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 216–224 Fujii H (2000) Laser speckle flowgraphy. In: Medical Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 216–224
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi H, Sugiyama T, Tokushige H, Maeno T, Nakazawa T, Ikeda T, Araie M (2013) Comparison of CCD-equipped laser speckle flowgraphy with hydrogen gas clearance method in the measurement of optic nerve head microcirculation in rabbits. Exp Eye Res 108:10–15CrossRef Takahashi H, Sugiyama T, Tokushige H, Maeno T, Nakazawa T, Ikeda T, Araie M (2013) Comparison of CCD-equipped laser speckle flowgraphy with hydrogen gas clearance method in the measurement of optic nerve head microcirculation in rabbits. Exp Eye Res 108:10–15CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugiyama T (2014) Basic technology and clinical applications of the updated model of laser speckle flowgraphy to ocular diseases. Photonics 1:220–234CrossRef Sugiyama T (2014) Basic technology and clinical applications of the updated model of laser speckle flowgraphy to ocular diseases. Photonics 1:220–234CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hori Y, Maeno T (2012) Pulse-wave analysis of optic nerve head circulation is significantly correlated with brachial–ankle pulse-wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and age. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:1275–1281CrossRef Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hori Y, Maeno T (2012) Pulse-wave analysis of optic nerve head circulation is significantly correlated with brachial–ankle pulse-wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and age. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:1275–1281CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hori Y, Maeno T, Shirai K (2012) Optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis is significantly correlated with cardio-ankle vascular index, left ventricular diastolic function, and age. J Atheroscler Thromb 19:999–1005CrossRef Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hori Y, Maeno T, Shirai K (2012) Optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis is significantly correlated with cardio-ankle vascular index, left ventricular diastolic function, and age. J Atheroscler Thromb 19:999–1005CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Badeer AJ (1964) Biological significance of cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 14:133–138CrossRef Badeer AJ (1964) Biological significance of cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 14:133–138CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Linzbach A (1976) Hypertrophy, hyperplasia and structural dilatation of the human heart. Adv Cardiol 18:1–13CrossRef Linzbach A (1976) Hypertrophy, hyperplasia and structural dilatation of the human heart. Adv Cardiol 18:1–13CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishra RK, Tietjens J, Regan M, Whooley MA, Schiller NB (2015) The Prognostic Utility of Echo-Estimated Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relationship in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Echocardiography 32:1639–1646CrossRef Mishra RK, Tietjens J, Regan M, Whooley MA, Schiller NB (2015) The Prognostic Utility of Echo-Estimated Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relationship in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Echocardiography 32:1639–1646CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SH, Choi S, Chung WJ, Byun YS, Ryu SK, Pyun WB, Rim SJ (2008) Tissue Doppler index, E/e′, and ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. J Neurol Sci 271:148–152CrossRef Lee SH, Choi S, Chung WJ, Byun YS, Ryu SK, Pyun WB, Rim SJ (2008) Tissue Doppler index, E/e′, and ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. J Neurol Sci 271:148–152CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA, Waggoner AD, Flachskampf FA, Pellikka PA, Evangelisa A (2009) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 10:165–193CrossRef Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA, Waggoner AD, Flachskampf FA, Pellikka PA, Evangelisa A (2009) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 10:165–193CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, Reichek N (1986) Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 57:450–458CrossRef Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, Reichek N (1986) Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 57:450–458CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, Roman MJ, Seward J, Shanewise JS, Solomon SD, Spencer KT, Sutton MS, Stewart WJ; Chamber Quantification Writing Group (2005) American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18:1440–1463CrossRef Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, Roman MJ, Seward J, Shanewise JS, Solomon SD, Spencer KT, Sutton MS, Stewart WJ; Chamber Quantification Writing Group (2005) American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18:1440–1463CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugiyama T, Araie M, Riva CE, Schmetterer L, Orgul S (2010) Use of laser speckle flowgraphy in ocular blood flow research. Acta Ophthalmol 88:723–729CrossRef Sugiyama T, Araie M, Riva CE, Schmetterer L, Orgul S (2010) Use of laser speckle flowgraphy in ocular blood flow research. Acta Ophthalmol 88:723–729CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiga Y, Omodaka K, Kunikata H, Ryu M, Yokoyama Y, Tsuda S, Asano T, Maekawa S, Maruyama K, Nakazawa T (2013) Waveform analysis of ocular blood flow and the early detection of normal tension glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7699–7706CrossRef Shiga Y, Omodaka K, Kunikata H, Ryu M, Yokoyama Y, Tsuda S, Asano T, Maekawa S, Maruyama K, Nakazawa T (2013) Waveform analysis of ocular blood flow and the early detection of normal tension glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7699–7706CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Imai E, Horio M, Nitta K, Yamagata K, Iseki K, Hara S, Ura N, Kiyohara Y, Hirakata H, Watanabe T, Moriyama T, Ando Y, Inaguma D, Narita I, Iso H, Wakai K, Yasuda Y, Tsukamoto Y, Ito S, Makino H, Hishida A, Matsuo S (2007) Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by the MDRD study equation modified for Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 11:41–50CrossRef Imai E, Horio M, Nitta K, Yamagata K, Iseki K, Hara S, Ura N, Kiyohara Y, Hirakata H, Watanabe T, Moriyama T, Ando Y, Inaguma D, Narita I, Iso H, Wakai K, Yasuda Y, Tsukamoto Y, Ito S, Makino H, Hishida A, Matsuo S (2007) Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by the MDRD study equation modified for Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 11:41–50CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28:412–419CrossRef Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28:412–419CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Aizawa N, Yokoyama Y, Chiba N, Omodaka K, Yasuda M, Otomo T, Nakamura M, Fuse N, Nakazawa T (2011) Reproducibility of retinal circulation measurements obtained using laser speckle flowgraphy-NAVI in patients with glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 5:1171–1176PubMedPubMedCentral Aizawa N, Yokoyama Y, Chiba N, Omodaka K, Yasuda M, Otomo T, Nakamura M, Fuse N, Nakazawa T (2011) Reproducibility of retinal circulation measurements obtained using laser speckle flowgraphy-NAVI in patients with glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 5:1171–1176PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Luft N, Wozniak PA, Aschinger GC, Fondi K, Bata AM, Werkmeister RM, Schmidl D, Witkowska KJ, Bolz M, Garhöfer G, Schmetterer L (2016) Ocular blood flow measurements in healthy white subjects using laser speckle flowgraphy. PLoS One 11:e0168190CrossRef Luft N, Wozniak PA, Aschinger GC, Fondi K, Bata AM, Werkmeister RM, Schmidl D, Witkowska KJ, Bolz M, Garhöfer G, Schmetterer L (2016) Ocular blood flow measurements in healthy white subjects using laser speckle flowgraphy. PLoS One 11:e0168190CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiba T, Takahashi M, Maeno T (2014) Pulse-wave analysis of optic nerve head circulation is significantly correlated with kidney function in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. J Ophthalmol 2014: 291687 Shiba T, Takahashi M, Maeno T (2014) Pulse-wave analysis of optic nerve head circulation is significantly correlated with kidney function in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. J Ophthalmol 2014: 291687
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Rina M, Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hori Y, Maeno T (2015) Pulse waveform analysis of optic nerve head circulation for predicting carotid atherosclerotic changes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253:2285–2291CrossRef Rina M, Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hori Y, Maeno T (2015) Pulse waveform analysis of optic nerve head circulation for predicting carotid atherosclerotic changes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253:2285–2291CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hashimoto R, Matsumoto T, Hori Y (2016) Pulse waveform analysis in the optic nerve head circulation reflects systemic vascular resistance obtained via a Swan-Ganz catheter. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 254:1195–1200CrossRef Shiba T, Takahashi M, Hashimoto R, Matsumoto T, Hori Y (2016) Pulse waveform analysis in the optic nerve head circulation reflects systemic vascular resistance obtained via a Swan-Ganz catheter. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 254:1195–1200CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidl D, Boltz A, Kaya S, Lasta M, Pemp B, Fuchsjager-Mayrl G, Hommer A, Garhofer G, Schmetterer L (2013) Role of nitric oxide in optic nerve head blood flow regulation during isometric exercise in healthy humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:1964–1970CrossRef Schmidl D, Boltz A, Kaya S, Lasta M, Pemp B, Fuchsjager-Mayrl G, Hommer A, Garhofer G, Schmetterer L (2013) Role of nitric oxide in optic nerve head blood flow regulation during isometric exercise in healthy humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:1964–1970CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Caprioli J, Coleman AL (2010) Blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 149:704–712CrossRef Caprioli J, Coleman AL (2010) Blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 149:704–712CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwarzl M, Ojeda F, Zeller T, Seiffert M, Becher PM, Munzel T, Wild PS, Blettner M, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME, Blankenberg S, Westermann D (2016) Risk factors for heart failure are associated with alterations of the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in non-heart failure individuals: Data from a large-scale, population-based cohort. Eur Heart J 37:1807–1814CrossRef Schwarzl M, Ojeda F, Zeller T, Seiffert M, Becher PM, Munzel T, Wild PS, Blettner M, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME, Blankenberg S, Westermann D (2016) Risk factors for heart failure are associated with alterations of the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in non-heart failure individuals: Data from a large-scale, population-based cohort. Eur Heart J 37:1807–1814CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Eleid MF, Nishimura RA, Lennon RJ, Sorajja P (2013) Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. Mayo Clin Proc 88:337–344CrossRef Eleid MF, Nishimura RA, Lennon RJ, Sorajja P (2013) Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. Mayo Clin Proc 88:337–344CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Mochizuki Y, Tanaka H, Matsumoto K, Sano H, Shimoura H, Ooka J, Sawa T, Motoji Y, Ryo-Koriyama K, Hirota Y, Ogawa W, Hirata KI (2017) Impact of left ventricular longitudinal functional mechanics on the progression of diastolic function in diabetes mellitus. Int J Cardiovasc Imag 33:1905–1914CrossRef Mochizuki Y, Tanaka H, Matsumoto K, Sano H, Shimoura H, Ooka J, Sawa T, Motoji Y, Ryo-Koriyama K, Hirota Y, Ogawa W, Hirata KI (2017) Impact of left ventricular longitudinal functional mechanics on the progression of diastolic function in diabetes mellitus. Int J Cardiovasc Imag 33:1905–1914CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat de Beus E, Meijs MF, Bots ML, Visseren FL, Blankestijn PJ; SMART Study Group (2015) Presence of albuminuria predicts left ventricular mass in patients with chronic systemic arterial hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest 45:550–556CrossRef de Beus E, Meijs MF, Bots ML, Visseren FL, Blankestijn PJ; SMART Study Group (2015) Presence of albuminuria predicts left ventricular mass in patients with chronic systemic arterial hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest 45:550–556CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Kramer H, Jacobs DR Jr, Bild D, Post W, Saad MF, Detrano R, Tracy R, Cooper R, Liu K (2005) Urine albumin excretion and subclinical cardiovascular disease. The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Hypertension 46:38–43CrossRef Kramer H, Jacobs DR Jr, Bild D, Post W, Saad MF, Detrano R, Tracy R, Cooper R, Liu K (2005) Urine albumin excretion and subclinical cardiovascular disease. The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Hypertension 46:38–43CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Reffelmann T, Dorr M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Krebs A, Ittermann T, Felix SB (2010) Urinary albumin excretion, even within the normal range, predicts an increase in left ventricular mass over the following 5 years. Kidney Int 77:1115–1122CrossRef Reffelmann T, Dorr M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Krebs A, Ittermann T, Felix SB (2010) Urinary albumin excretion, even within the normal range, predicts an increase in left ventricular mass over the following 5 years. Kidney Int 77:1115–1122CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Seta H, Ishimitsu T, Tamano K, Takahashi M, Ohrui M (2001) Analysis of factors influencing left ventricular mass and diastolic function in normotensive men. J Cardiol 37:249–256PubMed Seta H, Ishimitsu T, Tamano K, Takahashi M, Ohrui M (2001) Analysis of factors influencing left ventricular mass and diastolic function in normotensive men. J Cardiol 37:249–256PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauer MS, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Levy D (1991) The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 266:231–236CrossRef Lauer MS, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Levy D (1991) The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 266:231–236CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Park SH, Shub C, Nobrega TP, Bailey KR, Seward JB (1996) Two-dimensional echocardiographic calculation of left ventricular mass as recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography: correlation with autopsy and M-mode echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 9:119–128CrossRef Park SH, Shub C, Nobrega TP, Bailey KR, Seward JB (1996) Two-dimensional echocardiographic calculation of left ventricular mass as recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography: correlation with autopsy and M-mode echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 9:119–128CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Bella JN, Palmieri V, Kitzman DW, Liu JE, Oberman A, Hunt SC, Hopkins PN, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Devereux RB (2002) Gender difference in diastolic function in hypertension (the HyperGEN study). Am J Cardiol 89:1052–1056CrossRef Bella JN, Palmieri V, Kitzman DW, Liu JE, Oberman A, Hunt SC, Hopkins PN, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Devereux RB (2002) Gender difference in diastolic function in hypertension (the HyperGEN study). Am J Cardiol 89:1052–1056CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong TY, Larsen EK, Klein R, Mitchell P, Couper DJ, Klein BE, Hubbard LD, Siscovick DS, Sharrett AR (2005) Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: the atherosclerosis risk in communities & cardiovascular health studies. Ophthalmology 112:540–547CrossRef Wong TY, Larsen EK, Klein R, Mitchell P, Couper DJ, Klein BE, Hubbard LD, Siscovick DS, Sharrett AR (2005) Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: the atherosclerosis risk in communities & cardiovascular health studies. Ophthalmology 112:540–547CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Myers CE, Sivakumaran TA, Iyengar SK, Meuer SM, Schubert CR, Gangnon RE, Klein BE (2013) The relationship of atherosclerosis to the 10-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam studies. Ophthalmology 120:1012–1019CrossRef Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Myers CE, Sivakumaran TA, Iyengar SK, Meuer SM, Schubert CR, Gangnon RE, Klein BE (2013) The relationship of atherosclerosis to the 10-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam studies. Ophthalmology 120:1012–1019CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The relationships between the pulsatile flow form of ocular microcirculation by laser speckle flowgraphy and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mass
verfasst von
Tomoaki Shiba
Mao Takahashi
Chieko Shiba
Tadashi Matsumoto
Yuichi Hori
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2018
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging / Ausgabe 11/2018
Print ISSN: 1569-5794
Elektronische ISSN: 1875-8312
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1388-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2018

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 11/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.